Kazakhstan: TLS MITM attacks and blocking of news media, human rights, and circumvention tool sites

BKC fellow Maria Xynou and colleagues investigate internet censorship in Kazakhstan, seeking to uncover which websites are blocked in the country, and how such blocks are implemented. "Our overarching research goal was to explore internet censorship in Kazakhstan, both through OONI network measurement and legal analysis. We aimed to determine whether it was possible to detect and characterize the blocking of websites in Kazakhstan (with a focus on news media, human rights, political and circumvention tool websites), while exploring whether the implementation of such blocks differed across ISPs in the country. Answering such questions can help with evaluating whether and to what extent internet users in Kazakhstan experience restrictions. Analyzing relevant legal frameworks provides important context for understanding the environment in which blocks are implemented."

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