José M. Muñoz is the Founding Director of the International Neurotechnology Governance Observatory (INEGOV) at the International Center for Neuroscience and Ethics (CINET), in Madrid, and a Faculty Associate at the Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society at Harvard University.
His work addresses the ethical, legal, and social implications of neurotechnology, with a particular focus on global neurotechnology governance. His research is organized around what he calls the "neurotechnology shift": the movement of neural and cognitive sensing out of clinical and laboratory settings and into education, work, consumer products, and digital environments. At the Center, he is interested in the argument that neural and cognitive data extend, rather than sit beside, the questions of privacy, autonomy, data governance, and human agency that BKC has long examined in relation to AI and digital life—and in connecting its community to the international policy conversation now forming around neurotechnology. He serves on the Board of Directors of the International Neuroethics Society.
He is the principal editor of The Oxford Handbook of Neurolaw and author of Foundations of Neurorights (Cambridge University Press), both forthcoming. His work has appeared in Nature, Science, The Lancet Psychiatry, Nature Biotechnology, Neuroethics, and the Encyclopædia Britannica, as well as the Financial Times and The Boston Globe. He has advised UNESCO, INTERPOL, the UN Human Rights Council Advisory Committee, the Organization of American States, and the governments of Spain, Mexico, Chile, Argentina, and Australia, and served as an expert in the first judicial ruling worldwide granting legal protection to a consumer's brain data (Supreme Court of Chile).
He previously held fellowships at Harvard University, the University of California, Berkeley, and the University of Navarra. He holds a B.S./M.S. in Biology and a Ph.D. in Logic and the History and Philosophy of Science.