Key
Trial Documents
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MS-DOJ
Consent Decree, July 15, 1994
Trial
DOJ: Complaint, May 18, 1998
MS: Answer, July 28, 1998
Trial: Transcripts, Oct. 19 - June 23, 1999
DOJ: Proposed Findings of Fact, Sept. 10, 1999
MS: Proposed Findings of Fact, Sept. 10, 1999
Judge Jackson's Findings of Fact, Nov. 5, 1999
DOJ: Proposed Conclusions of Law, Dec. 6, 1999
MS: Proposed
Conclusions of Law, Jan 17, 2000
Judge
Jackson's Conclusions of Law, April 3, 2000
Remedy Phase
Memorandum and Order, (PDF), June 7, 2000
Final Judgment, (PDF), June 7, 2000
Appeal
MS: Appeal Brief, November 27, 2000
DOJ: Response Brief, January 12, 2001
MS: Reply Brief, January 29, 2001
Oral Argument: Transcripts February 26-27, 2001
Opinion, (PDF), June 28, 2001
Proposed Settlement, Nov. 6, 2001
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full
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archive & trial
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On Friday, November 1, 2002, United States
District Court Judge Colleen Kollar-Kotelly issued Opinions in the
Microsoft cases, approving with minor modifications the proposed
settlement between Microsoft and the Federal Government
and nine states,
and issuing roughly the same judgment to the remaining nine states.
The court provided this summary of its rulings.
U.S.
Response to Public Comments, Feb. 27, 2002
Stipulation
and Second
Revised Proposed Final Judgment (redline), Feb. 27, 2002
U.S.
Brief Supporting Settlement, Feb. 27, 2002
Microsoft
Brief Supporting Settlement, Feb. 27, 2002
The full docket of papers and exhibits filed Feb. 27, 2002
Justice Department index of public comments submitted and Full linked index of comments
Public Comments on Justice Department's Proposed
Settlement, January 28, 2002
Under the Tunney
Act, the Government is required to accept and respond to public
comment, and to justify its proposed settlement as "in the public
interest." Numerous individuals and organizations took the invitation,
among them:
News Reports:
Nobel Laureates Oppose Microsoft Settlement
Microsoft antitrust debate heats up - Tech News - CNET.com
Top economist critical of Microsoft settlement (1/28/2002)
Public sounds off on Microsoft antitrust settlement (1/28/2002)
'The People' Weigh In on MS Case
Complaint
(PDF) or HTML
News: 1/22 Reuters
and Associated
Press reports.
News: 1/23 AOL Sues Microsoft Over Tactics On Browser, Washington Post
News: 1/23 An AOL Unit Sues Microsoft, Saying Tactics Were Illegal, New York Times
Analysis: 1/23 In AOL's Suit Against Microsoft, the Key Word Is Access, New York Times
Court Rejects Proposed Settlement of Private Class Actions, January 11, 2002
Opinion and Order denying preliminary approval, January 11, 2002
District Judge J. Frederick Motz denied preliminary approval to Microsoft's proposal to settle numerous private class action lawsuits by creating a foundation that would donate computers and software (much of it Microsoft software) to impoverished schools, finding the proposal raised significant competitive concerns of its own. Some objectors had argued that the settlement would have amounted to "court-approved predatory pricing."
The MDL plaintiffs and Microsoft have filed a motion for preliminary approval of a proposed class settlement agreement into which they have entered. I have concluded, as a procedural matter,
that I cannot presently determine the adequacy of the proposed settlement because the record has not been sufficiently developed on the question of the underlying value of the class claims. I have also
concluded, as a substantive matter, that the record as it now exists demonstrates that the charitable foundation contemplated by the agreement is not sufficiently funded both to fulfill the eleemosynary
purposes justifying a cy pres remedy and to assure that effectuation of the agreement would not have anti-competitive effects. Therefore, I will deny the motion for preliminary approval.
Reuters and
Associated Press reports
Court Rejects Microsoft's Request for More Time on States' Challenge, January 7, 2002
Microsoft filed a brief and voluminous exhibits requesting a four-month extension of time to challenge the dissenting states on remedy proposals. The court ordered the states to respond.
The states characterized the motion as yet another of Microsoft's delay tactics.
States'
Response, Dec. 31, 2001
Microsoft's Reply, Dec. 31, 2001
Hearing scheduled January 7, 2002
Microsoft rejected the states' proposed additions to its settlement with the Federal Government and other states.
Senate hearings at which experts were to have testified about the settlement were canceled mid-way through, but not before some Senators had expressed doubts about the proposed settlment's efficacy.
News: 12/13/01 Skepticism in Senate Panel Over Accord With Microsoft, NYT
News: 12/13/01 Microsoft, Hill Weigh In on Settlement, Washington Post
Dissenting States Propose Harsher Remedy, December 7, 2001
The nine states and District of Columbia that rejected Microsoft's settlement with the Justice Department have filed their own proposed final judgment with harsher sanctions against Microsoft. The states, California, Connecticut, Florida, Iowa, Kansas, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Utah, West Virginia and the District of Columbia, would require the company to offer a stripped-down version of Windows at lower cost.
Plaintiff Litigating States' Remedial Proposals, December 7, 2001
Proposed Final Judgment, December 7, 2001
News: 12/7/01 States to Seek Tougher Curbs on Microsoft; Apple, Sun May Benefit From New Proposal Wall Street Journal
News: 12/7/01 States get tough in Microsoft case, CNet News.com
News: 11/25/01 Judge to Weigh Private Microsoft Antitrust Deal
As required by the Tunney Act, the government filed its competitive impact statement and requested public comment on its settlement with Microsoft.
News: 11/15/01 Microsoft Makes Offer to Holdouts, Washington Post
Op-Ed: 11/9/01 It's Still a Safe World for Microsoft, Lawrence Lessig, New York Times
News Analysis: 11/9/01 A Tenacious Microsoft Emerges From Suit With Its Software Monopoly Largely Intact, WSJ
News: 11/7/01 Microsoft Faces Two-Front Court Fight, AP
Proposed Settlement, November 2, 2001
Justice Department Press Release, November 2, 2001
The Justice Department and Microsoft filed a proposed final judgment with District Judge Colleen Kollar-Kotelly Friday. The settlment proposes a five-year consent decree forcing Microsoft to disclose middleware programming interfaces (APIs), permit computer manufacturers to substitute non-Microsoft middleware products, and license software to OEMs on uniform, non-exclusive terms. The states have not yet endorsed the proposal, and could continue to pursue the suit or challenge the settlment under the Tunney Act.
News: 11/03/01 Antitrust Deal Is Called Big Victory for Microsoft, NYT
News: 11/02/01 Associated Press
News: 11/02/01 Reuters
News: 10/31/01 Sources Say Microsoft, Justice Department Near Settlement, AP
News: 10/31/01
Justice Department and Microsoft Agree on Most of Settlement Pact, NYT
Additional news links, November 2001
Court Names New Mediator, October 12, 2001
At the parties' recommendation, Judge Kollar-Kotelly named Boston University School of Law Professor Eric D. Green to mediate among Microsoft, the Justice Department, and the plaintiff states. The last mediation attempt, under Seventh Circuit Judge Richard Posner, ended in failure after four months.
News: 10/13/01 New Mediator Named in Microsoft Case
Supreme Court Denies Review, October 9, 2001
The Supreme Court denied Microsoft's request for a grant of certiorari, rejecting the company's argument that Judge Jackson's extrajudicial conduct had tainted the entire trial.
News: 10/09/01 Supreme Court denies MSFT appeal
News: 10/09/01 US high court rejects Microsoft antitrust appeal
The report was "joint" only in name, as the parties found little to agree on. Judge Colleen Kollar-Kotelly ordered the parties to discuss settlement, "meeting seven days a week and around the clock." If the parties have not reached agreement by October 12, Judge Kollar-Kotelly will appoint a mutually-agreed mediator.
Scheduling Order, September 28, 2001
Order, September 28, 2001
From the Justice Department Press Release: The Department of Justice's Antitrust Division today advised Microsoft that it will not seek a break-up of the company in remand proceedings before the U.S. District Court. It also informed the company that it does not intend to pursue further proceedings on the tying count of the original complaint. The Department said it is taking these steps in an effort to obtain prompt, effective and certain relief for consumers.
Collected News Reports, Sept. 7, 2001
United States Brief Opposing Certiorari (PDF)
New District Judge Assigned to Microsoft Case
On mandate from the D.C. Circuit, District Judge Colleen Kollar-Kotelly will hear the Microsoft case and determine the proper remedy for Microsoft's abuse of monopoly power.
New Judge Named in Microsoft Case, AP, August 24, 2001
Appeals Court Denies Stay of Mandate, Will Return Case to District Court August 24 (Order, 8/17/01)
Order Denying Stay of Mandate, 8/17/01
Microsoft's Reply Brief, 8/14/01
Appellees' Response to Microsoft's Motion for Stay of the Mandate Pending Petition for Writ of Certiorari, 8/10/01
Petition for Certiorari, 8/7/01
Motion for Stay of Mandate pending appeal, 8/7/01
Question Presented:
The district judge engaged in secret discussions with select reporters about the merits of this case beginning no later than September 1999 and continuing over
the succeeding eight months. (A119-20) During that period, the district judge entered his findings of fact, followed by his conclusions of law, and then a
remedial decree. (A120) The court of appeals held that (i) the district judge?s course of conduct flagrantly violated 28 U.S.C. § 455(a) and the Code of Conduct
for United States Judges (A118-19) and (ii) the district judge would have been immediately disqualified had he not concealed his misconduct by requiring the
reporters to "embargo" their stories until after entry of judgment (A128). The court nevertheless disqualified the district judge "retroactive only to the imposition
of the remedy" (A136), some eight months after the earliest known violation.
The question presented for review is:
Whether the court of appeals erred in not disqualifying the district judge as of the date of his earliest known violation of 28 U.S.C. § 455(a) and the Code for Conduct of United States Judges, thus requiring that his findings of fact and conclusions of law be vacated.
News: Microsoft Appeals to Supreme Court, AP 8/7/01
Appeals Court Denies Rehearing and Immediate Mandate
Order (8/2/2001)
Kodak Joins Chorus of Windows XP Critics, (8/1/01)
Kodak charges Microsoft with blocking Kodak camera software in its new OS.
Court Order that Government respond (7/19/01)
Microsoft's Opposition to Plaintiffs' Motion for Immediate Issuance of the Mandate, (7/20/01)
The Justice Department and 18 states agreed not to appeal the D.C. Circuit's ruling, as they moved for rapid appointment of a district judge to impose a remedy. New Mexico settled with Microsoft and dropped out of the suit.
New York Times, July 14, 2001
Appeals Court Vacates Microsoft Breakup, June 28, 2001
In a unanimous opinion (PDF), the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals vacated the judgment of District Judge Thomas Penfield Jackson. The Court's per curiam opinion vacated the trial court's final judgment on remedy and remanded to a different trial judge, sternly rebuking Judge Jackson for ex parte cotacts during and after the trial. The Court affirmed in part and reversed in part the judgment of monopoly maintenance in the operating system market, reversed on attempted monopolization of the browser market, and remanded on unlawful tying of the browser to the operating system.
Analysis of the decision: Who are the real winners and losers?
New York Times wire reports
CNN Report
CNet News.com
News links and analysis of the decision, June 29, 2001
Competitors Charge Microsoft with New Anticompetitive Conduct in Windows XP
ProComp issues a second whitepaper: Passport to Monopoly, claiming Microsoft plans to leverage its desktop monopoly to dominate the emerging market for Web services, June 21, 2001.
Microsoft to XP users: Passport Required, CNet News.com, June 21, 2001
Group Says Microsoft's XP Raises Antitrust Anew , April 26, 2001
ProComp's Whitepaper argues that Microsoft is tying its Media Player 8 to Windows XP in much the same way as it tied the browser to Windows 95.
Earlier news from the case archived here.
[Key Earlier Documents]
Break it up (June 7, 2000):
Memorandum and Order, (PDF), June 7, 2000
Final Judgment, (PDF), June 7, 2000
Holding that "Microsoft's profession of surprise is not credible," Judge Thomas Penfield Jackson adopted the Government plaintiffs' revised
proposed final judgment, ordering Microsoft broken into an Operating Systems Business and an Applications Business. Jackson sharply
criticized Microsoft's recent tactics and "reluctantly" concluded that structural remedies were necessary: "Microsoft as it is presently organized
and led is unwilling to accept the notion that it broke the law or accede to an order amending its conduct."
Jackson's Conclusions of Law, April 3, 2000
Amicus Briefs Filed Feb. 1, 2000:
Amicus Brief on Technological Tying (PDF) or (HTML), Lawrence Lessig, 02/01/00
Amicus Brief for Microsoft, (HTML), Wilmer, Cutler & Pickering, for the Association for Competitive Technology, 02/01/00
Amicus Brief for Department of Justice, Software and Information Industry Association, 02/01/0
Amicus Brief for Plaintiff States, Robert Bork, 02/01/00
Microsoft's Proposed Conclusions of Law Jan. 18, 2000
local HTML or Microsoft site; Word Document; Text.
Microsoft summary and Response to States' Proposed Conclusions of Law.
Plaintiffs' Joint Proposed Conclusions of Law Dec. 6, 1999
Judge Thomas Penfield Jackson's Findings of Fact Nov. 5, 1999
GPO site; local copies: findings, index, PDF, WordPerfect, or Word format.
33. Microsoft enjoys so much power in the market for Intel-compatible PC operating systems that if it wished to exercise this power solely in terms of price, it could charge a price for Windows substantially above that which could be charged in a competitive market. Moreover, it could do so for a significant period of time without losing an unacceptable amount of business to competitors. In other words, Microsoft enjoys monopoly power in the relevant market.
Additional documents:
Both parties' proposed findings of fact [Plaintiffs, Microsoft] and lawyers' closing arguments [a.m., p.m.] before Judge Thomas Penfield Jackson on September 21.
More
All trial transcripts are available in the Trial section; filed legal documents are in the Archive. Commentary and timelines
are linked from the Reference Materials section of the Archive.
Thinking about remedy? How about Jonathan Zittrain's Un-Microsoft Un-Remedy: Law Can Prevent the Problem That It Can't Patch Later.
Though class is over, this page will continue to be updated on a semi-regular basis.
Class summaries of the testimony are collected on a page in our password-protected directory.
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It is our understanding that all use of trademarks on this website is permissible fair use or parody. Please view this website in the appropriate spirit.
Now, bundled with Aieee!
What's a browser, who's concerned? From the Gates video archive: "What is it about the word 'concerned' that you don't understand?"
What does Microsoft think of Linux?: The Halloween Documents
Last modified 10/2002 by Wendy Seltzer.
The Berkman Center for Internet & Society