Educational Materials

Field Definition

Basic Definition

The field of educational materials (EM) refers to a subset of the book, games, Internet, and software publishing industries that is focused on providing resources to a variety of educational market segments. For instance, PricewaterhouseCoopers characterizes the EM sector as divided into digital and non-digital solutions (Cola, et al. 2009). At the K-12 educational level, digital solutions include a range of technologies used to enhance the delivery and the administration of K-12 education, including data management systems, web-based course and assessment materials, and online tutoring and professional development—however, we will only focus on those digital solutions products that have specific educational purposes and where knowledge is embedded in a form that can be enclosed by some form of intellectual property. Regarding non-digital solutions, we include textbooks, course packs and other supplementary materials, and various educative toys and games.

Actors providing these materials are private companies such as publishers controlling the textbook and complementary materials markets; global media companies focused on the family-based market, such as the Discovery Channel; public institutions, such as National Public Radio; universities and their presses, providing both closed and open educational materials; and independent organizations and associations comprising educators and interested individuals wanting to contribute to the open educational resources (OER) movement.

"A significant feature of most educational resources is that they are restricted to many and can cost a lot to gain access to. This is largely because of a market economy around educational resources. They are copyrighted and packaged up as objects—books, journals, videos—that have to be bought from a store or accessed through course fees or university repositories (libraries in most cases). Even if this copyrighted material is available in public libraries, it is then effectively rationed by the numbers of copies available and the costs and opportunity costs involved in people traveling to the library to use them (with that use being further restricted by the all rights reserved copyright applied to them)." (Iiyoshi and Kumar 2008, 149)

Technology History

See History of EM Field

Taxonomy of Educational Materials Industries

Focus Market Segments

• K-12 Level

  The Educational Materials sector for K-12 in the US can be divided into non-digital and digital solutions. Digital Solutions is a general term that describes a range of technologies used to enhance the delivery and the administration of K-12 education, including data management systems, web-based course and assessment materials, and online tutoring and professional development. While under the non-digital solutions for K-12 education we find textbooks, course-materials and other products, such as educative toys and games.

• Higher Education Level

  Similar to the K-12 Level, the Educational Materials sector for Higher Education can be divided into non-digital and digital solutions. However, there is a strong emphasis on the traditional college textbook and related course materials, including non-textbook academic and professional works used in college courses often published by University Presses. Digital solutions for Higher Education are most often electronic versions of textbooks and supplementary materials or activities.

De-prioritized Market Segments

• Educational Software
• Educational Video Games
• Internet-based Activities (in Flash, Java, etc.)

Excluded from Field Definition

• Encyclopedias
• Periodicals
• Non-digital Educational Games
• Any resource not overtly produced for educational purposes
  • e.g. Flickr photos used for media education,
  • e.g. YouTube EDU

Study of the Field

Analyses of the EM sector are based on the Field Research Methodology at:

The Higher Education Level

Our research is being compiled into a culminating paper:

EM Paper

"Quadrants Mappings", based on the field analysis for each market segment:

Resources

Interviews

See Contacts for EM

• Jonathan Emmons, Community Development Specialist, Connexions

  See Jonathan Emmons Interview Notes - March 25, 2009

• Ahrash Bissell, Executive Director, ccLearn

  See Ahrash Bissell Interview Notes - May 12, 2009

  See Ahrash Bissell Interview Notes - July 20, 2009

• Hal Plotkin, Senior Advisor, U.S. Department of Education

  See Hal Plotkin Interview Notes - August 10, 2009

• Bobbi Kurshan, Executive Director, Curriki

  See Bobbi Kurshan Interview Notes - August 17, 2009

• Joel Thierstein, Executive Director, Connexions

  See Joel Thierstein Interview Notes - August 19, 2009

• Kathi Fletcher, Project Manager, Connexions
  • See Kathi Fletcher Interview Notes - August 26, 2009
• Anne Schreiber, Chief Academic Officer, Curriki

  See Anne Schreiber Interview Notes - August 27, 2009

• Anne Schreiber, Chief Academic Officer, Curriki

  See Anne Schreiber Interview Notes - August 31, 2009

• Neeru Khosla, Executive Director, CK-12 Foundation

  See Neeru Khosla Interview Notes - September 4, 2009

• Peter Levy, Strategic Development, Curriki

  See Peter Levy Interview Notes - September 18, 2009

• Cathy Swift, Director of Academic Partner Services, MERLOT

  See Cathy Swift Interview Notes - September 21, 2009

• Bill Hughes, Director of New Ventures and Business Development, Pearson Education

  See Bill Hughes Interview Notes - October 7, 2009

• Eric Frank, Co-Founder, Flat World Knowledge

  See Eric Frank Interview Notes - October 22, 2009

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