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Workshop: Understanding the new wave of social cooperation: Triangulation of Arab revolutions, European mobilizations and American occupy movement.
[[Image:IMG 2339.JPG|650px|thumb|Participants workshop March 21, 2011]]
March 21st, 2012 - #21M
[[Image:Puertadelsol2011.jpg‎|300px|thumb|The Puerta del Sol square in Madrid May 2011]]
[[Image:Tahrir Square on February11.png|300px|thumb|Celebrations in Tahrir Square, Cairo, 2011]]
[[Image:2011 Greece Uprising.jpg|300px|thumb|Demonstrators in front of the Greek parliament, 29 May.]]
[[Image:Tunisia Unrest - VOA - Tunis 14 Jan 2011 (2).jpg|300px|thumb|Protesters in downtown Tunis on 14 January 2011]]
[[Image:W15 Protesters 1807.JPG|300px|thumb|300px|Iceland concentration 20 January 2009]]
[[Image:Wallst14occupy.jpg|300px|thumb|300px|Protesters near the New York City Police Department, 2011]]
[[Image:Protesters_gathering_in_Pearl_roundabout.jpg‎ |300px|thumb|Protesters gathering in Pearl roundabout for the first time since the begging of the 2011 Bahraini uprising]]
[[Image:Yemen protest.jpg|300px|thumb|Protest in Sanaa, Yemen (February 3, 2011)]]
[[Image:Demonstration_in_Al_Bayda_(Libya,_2011-07-22).jpg|300px|thumb|Demonstration in Al Bayda Libya, 2011]]
[[Image:Syntagma Square 'indignados'.png|300px|thumb|Demonstrators in the plaza in front of the Greek parliament, 25 May]]
[[Image:Anonymous-Bruxelles.jpg|300px|thumb|Anonymous protestors at the Brussels Stock Exchange, Belgium, January 2012]]
[[Image:Acampada Sol ph18.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Sol, 18 May, early morning]]
[[Image:Occupy_London_Tent.jpg|300px|thumb|Occupy London Tent, 25 May 2011]]
[[Image:Wall-Street-1.jpg|300px|thumb|Poster OWS 17 September 2011]]


'''Workshop: Understanding the New Wave of Social Cooperation: A Triangulation of the Arab Revolutions, European Mobilizations and the American Occupy Movement'''<br>
9:00am-5:15pm <br>
March 21st, 2012 <br>
Harvard University- Cambridge, MA (Boston) <br>
Social media hashtag: '''#21M''' '''#occupyresearch''' IRC: #Berkman <br>


= '''Introduction''' =
= '''Introduction''' =  


This one-day workshop brings together several groups of researchers: members of the Council for European Studies (CES) European Social Movements research network who will be in Boston for the Council for European Studies conference (March 22 - 24); scholars researching the Arab Spring, recent mobilizations in European countries (such as 15 of May mobilizations in the Spanish State), and the Occupy movement in United States at the Berkman Center, as well as researchers of other Boston – based institutions including Harvard Kennedy School, MIT's Comparative Media Center; Northwest University and Boston College's Social Movements seminar.
This one-day workshop brought together several groups of researchers: members of the Council for European Studies (CES) European Social Movements research network who were in Boston for the Council for European Studies conference (March 22 - 24); scholars at the Berkman Center; and researchers from institutions including the Harvard Kennedy School, MIT's Comparative Media Center, Northwest University and Boston College's'Movements/media Research and Action Project (MRAP).


The workshop will be hosted in the Berkman Center, Harvard, and organized in cooperation with the Council for European Studies (CES) European Social Movements research network and other Boston-based groups working in the area.
The workshop was hosted in the Berkman Center at Harvard University and is organized in cooperation with the Council for European Studies (CES) European Social Movements research network and the collaboration of MIT Comparative media and Occupy Research. [[Organization credits]]


== Goals and Key Objectives ==
'''Goals and Key Objectives'''


We would like a historically grounded comparative approach that attempts a certain amount of historical contextualization and analytical and theoretical grounding of these protests and forms of social cooperation and the relations between them.
At this event, we undertook a historically grounded comparative approach that attempted to place these protests and their corresponding forms of social cooperation in context and sought to establish an analytical and theoretical grounding for the study of these events. We did not only investigate each individual case, but also assessed the relationships (or lack thereof) between each of the respective cases.  


The workshop aims to analyses the specificity of each country/region case, at the time of approaching the commonalities between them based on a "triangulation" of the current research and understanding on Arab revolutions, European mobilizations and American occupy movement.
More specifically, the workshop analyzed the particular details associated with each national/regional case and identified and discussed any commonalities between them based on a 'triangulation' of current research and understanding on the Arab revolutions, European mobilizations and the American Occupy movement. To facilitate an interactive discussion on these topics during the event, the specific angle of each of the three planned sessions was defined around clusters of participants' interest:


What are the relations between these forms of social cooperation? How similar/different are they from each other? What do they tell us concerning collective action? How important are national or global factors in shaping them? How important and which has been the role of new technologies for each case? In what way are they new and in what way are we witnessing a reconfiguration of elements we are very familiar with? What theoretical and analytical frameworks are people finding useful/not so useful as they think about these movements? Etc
* '''EMERGING ORGANIZATIONAL FORMS AND DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES'''
Which organizational forms were adopted by the movements in each case? What is the role of social media in shaping these emerging forms? Are there similarities among the cases? What do these cases tell us about the conditions and organizational principles of collective action?  


The specific angle of each of each of the three planned session will be defined around clusters of participants' interests.
* '''WHO MOBILIZED AND WITH WHICH GOALS AND STRATEGIES?'''
What is the movement composition (i.e, who were the actors and what social bases were involved)? In terms of the actors what is the continuity with previous mobilization waves, such as the global justice movement? What were/are the visions and strategies of change in each of the cases? Is there a common political view or strategy among all the cases? What are the significant divisions between actors within each individual case? Are there similar divisions across different cases, and to what extent are the local and national dynamics important in shaping movement configuration?


Objectives:
* '''EXPLANATORY FACTORS AND CONNECTIONS AMONG THE CASES'''
Why did social mobilization happen in so many countries at once? Are there similar explanatory factors and historical trajectories that explain why mobilization took place? Is it legitimate to talk about a global wave of mobilization? If so, how are these different cases connected and how might we confirm and document the connections between movements? What are the mechanisms of diffusion and translation among the cases?


* Analyses the specificity of each country/region case, at the time of approaching the commonalities and differences between them based on a "triangulation" of the current research and understanding on Arab revolutions, European mobilizations and    American occupy movement.   
'''Objectives:'''


* Contribute to contextualize (historically and from a socio-political perspective) the impact of digital in collective action by connecting social movements studies tradition with Internet-based phenomenons analysis. Connect European, Nord – American and Arabic traditions of thinking and researching.
To achieve the overarching goal of "triangulating" of the current research and understanding on the Arab revolutions, European mobilizations and the American Occupy movement, our specific goals were:
* Contextualize (both historically and from a socio-political perspective) the impact of digital tools in collective action by connecting the social movements studies tradition with the analysis of Internet-based phenomena, which required drawing connections among European, North American, and Arabic approaches to research and analysis.
* Map and systematically organize existing research and expertise on the current wave of social cooperation and mobilization.
* Exchange, share, and discuss current work and facilitate synergy among researchers on the topic.


* Contribute to map and systematize expertise on the current wave of social cooperation/mobilization.
'''Format and methodology'''


* Exchange, share and discuss current work and facilitate further synergy among researchers on the topic (most of them also practitioners).  
The workshop was intended as an exchange between researchers at the event rather than as an opportunity to disseminate information to other researchers or to the general public. To facilitate interaction among researchers, this workshop avoided conference-style presentations and instead was designed to foster dialogue among individuals working in this space. The format was mainly discussion-based around a series of questions, with the opportunity to share papers in advance of the event itself at this wiki. A maximum of 30 participants were expected at this highly-interactive event.  


* It is possible that a publication or grant proposal will come out of the event, but this is not its primary goal.
For each session, a moderator introduced the theme followed by very short (5 minute) warm up presentations. Then all participants were invited to discuss any and all issues pertaining to the theme. Each session finalized by someone providing a synthesis of the discussion. For each session, we assigned a note taker and like tweeting.


== Workshop "ecosystem" ==
All workshop discussion were audio recorded for note taking purposes. Live streaming connexion were provided upon request.


The workshop puts together very diverse profile and trajectories. Combination of European, Arabic and United States profiles; English- native and non-English native; social movements scholars and - not social movements (meaning not familiar with social movement studies); digital and non-digitals. This great diversity requires to take distance from each position and be still even more open minding and not - giving things for granted details on the cases or on each (language and) perspective .
[[Schedule]]
 
== Format ==


The workshop is intended as an exchange between researchers (many of whom are also participants) rather than a dissemination event for other researchers or the general public. Rather than conference presentations this event will create an intimate exchange between people already working in the field. It will be mainly discussion-based around a series of questions, with the possibility to circulate papers in advance (including those already presented elsewhere or under preparation).
[[List of participants]]


Discussion is organized in three sessions around clusters of participants' interest.
'''Contact''' Mayo Fuster Morell at mayofm(at)cyber.law.harvard.edu or Amar Ashar at ashar(at)cyber.law.harvard.edu


A moderator will introduce the theme for each session, there will be around two very short (5 minutes) warm up presentations, and then all participants will be invited to discuss any and all issues pertaining to the theme. Per each session there will be a person creating a drafting/scheming/mental map of the issues emerging.
= Workshop documentation =


A maximum of 30 participants are expected.
'''Notes sessions:'''


Workshop discussion will be audio-recording and make availeble afterword on the web.
* 9:30 am – 10:30 am EMERGING ORGANIZATIONAL FORMS AND DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES and 10:45 am-11:45 am CONTINUATION EMERGING ORGANIZATIONAL FORMS AND DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES: METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES [https://docs.google.com/document/d/19VvvBKVGgsVTz1A2PsdobxDzo8mafs8L92e-VFOhOFw/edit Notes session]


== Logistical Information ==
* 1:00 pm-2:30 pm WHO MOBILIZED AND WITH WHICH GOALS AND STRATEGIES? [https://docs.google.com/document/d/19VvvBKVGgsVTz1A2PsdobxDzo8mafs8L92e-VFOhOFw/edit Notes session]


* Location:  
* 2:45 pm-4:15 pm EXPLANATORY FACTORS AND CONNECTIONS AMONG THE CASES [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1_Vv1G0EgTf0XF-r00c1aeTA3bLmLxRJnMAF21nQmZxE/edit Notes session]


Getting there:
* 4:15 - 5:00 pm Final reflections and next steps: Theoretical Take-Aways and Ways to Rethink Research [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1-vGIN5aJw2mXh1JKoSH7MY5dC_AUj3tQ0hAr9J751Rg/edit Notes takes final session]
* Driving Directions: http://www.law.harvard.edu/about/contact/directions.php#Driving
* Subway Directions: http://www.law.harvard.edu/about/contact/directions.php#Subway
* Bus Directions: http://www.law.harvard.edu/about/contact/directions.php#Bus
* Parking is not available through Harvard Law School, but there are several parking garages in Harvard Square


* Wireless internet access will be available at the workshop
'''Slides:'''
* Participation Tools: Twitter / Identica hashtag: #21M


* For networking (meeting previous and after) the workshop you could go to the [wiki community portal]
* Slides presentation Mayo Fuster Morell: [http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/21M12socialcooperation/sites/21M12socialcooperation/images/WorkshopMarch212012_MayoFM_Slides.pdf Emerging organizational forms and digital technologies: Spanish State case: “Indignated”/15M mobilization]
* Other questions? Contact Amar Ashar at ashar(at)cyber.law.harvard.edu


'''Audio recording''' of the workshop could be provided upon request.


= Schedule =
== Map of case/participant ==


'''20 March''' (Optional) Informal dinner among the participants in town (particularly those coming from abroad).
'''USA Occupy movement''' (general): Beth Coleman, Maite Tapia, E. Colin Ruggero, Marcos Ancelovici, William A. (Bill) Gamson, Ofer Sharone, Pablo Rey, Dalida María Benfield, Nicole Doerr, Tim McCarthy, Martha Fuentes-Bautista
* '''Boston''': Sasha Costanza-Chock, Pablo Rey, Nicole Doerr, Jeffrey Juris, Jason Pramas, Sandra Ray, Robert J. Wengronowitz, Gabriel Schaffzin
* '''Pittburg''': Alice Mattoni
* '''Philadelphia''': E. Colin Ruggero


'''21 March'''
'''Canada: Montreal''': Marcos Ancelovici


'''9 - 10h''' Welcoming coffee. Introduction to the agenda, a map of expertise and brief round of presentations.
'''Arab Spring''' (general): Rob Faris, Bruce Etling, Alicia Solow-Niederman, William A. (Bill) Gamson
* '''Tunisia''': Zack Brisson
* '''Egypt''': Lina Attalah, Zeynep Tufekci, Nagla Rizk, Alicia Solow-Niederman, Zack Brisson, Dalida María Benfield


'''10 – 12h''' First discussion
'''South African Movements''': Nicole Doerr


Moderator:
'''Israeli Summer''': William A. (Bill) Gamson


Discussion drafting/scheming:
'''European dimension''': Cristina María Flesher Fominaya, Francesca Vassallo, Nicole Doerr, Alexander Trechsel
* '''Spain''': Mayo Fuster Morell, Pablo Rey, Cristina María Flesher Fominaya, Marcos Ancelovici
* '''Germany''': Nicole Doerr, Maite Tapia
* '''Greece''':  Maria Kousis, Sandra Ray
* '''Italy''': Alice Mattoni
* '''UK''': Maite Tapia
*''' Ireland''': Laurence Cox France : Marcos Ancelovici, Francesca Vassallo
*''' Poland''': Elzbieta Cizewska
* '''France''': Marcos Ancelovici
*''' Russia''': Rob Faris, Bruce Etling


Warm up interventions (from 5 to 7 minutes):
'''Latino-america:'''
* Venezuela: Martha Fuentes-Bautista


'''12h Lunch'''
[[Distribution of participants per topics]]


'''1 - 3h''' Second discussion
= Bibliographic resources =


'''3 - 3:30h''' Coffee break
Please add any relevant resource.


'''3:30 - 5:30''' Third Discussion
== Arab Spring ==


'''5:30 - 6:00''' Sum up conclusions:
"Faculty Insights", AUC Today, Spring 2011 http://www1.aucegypt.edu/publications/auctoday/AUCTodaySpring11/01_Faculty_Insights.htm


'''7pm 21M''' [[Food for Thought Dinners]]
Al-Malky, Rania    2007    Blogging for Reform: the Case of Egyp Arab Media and Society (February 2007)  http://www.arabmediasociety.com/articles/downloads/20070312143716_AMS1_Rania_Al_Malky.pdf


'''Post – event: 22 March and 23 March''' (Optional)
Alimi, Eitan Y. and David S. Meyer (2012) Seasons of Change: Arab Spring and Political Opportunities. Swiss Political Science Review. Special issue: http://dmmsclick.wiley.com/view.asp?m=0jcva5g0090vlet42smd&u=19087420&f=h


[[Seminars and workshop Council of European Studies Conference]]
Anderson, Jon  2003    New Media, New Publics: Reconfiguring the Public Sphere of Islam Social Research 70 (3):888-906  http://www.policyinnovations.org/ideas/policy_library/data/01338


Anderson, Lisa    2011  Demystifying the Arab Spring: Parsing the Differences Between Tunisia, Egypt, and Libya Foreign Affairs http://www.ssrresourcecentre.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/Anderson-Demystifying-the-Arab-Spring.pdf


Aouragh, Miriyam and Anne Alexander. 2011. “The Egyptian experience.” International Journal of Communication (5): 1344-1358.


= Participants =
Axelford, Barrie    2011  Talk about a Revolution: Social Media and the MENA Uprisings  Globalizations (published by Global Studies Association of North America), Volume 8, Issue 5, 2011 (available via Taylor & Francis Online)    http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14747731.2011.621281#preview


Participants target: Currently researching (not only interested) in the Arab Spring, European wave or Occupy movements. Combining action and research perspectives. Gender balance.  
Babak Rahimi  2011 The Agonistic Social Media: Cyberspace in the Formation of Dissent and Consolidation of State Power in Postelection Iran      The Communication Review      http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10714421.2011.597240 


Room maximum: 30 people (already full).  
Brisson, Zack, & Krontiris, Kate (March, 2012). 'Tunisia: From Revolutions to Institutions' <http://dl.dropbox.com/u/53226669/Tunisia%201-2012-Publication-Web-%C6%92.pdf> World Bank Group


''Please add or complete your affiliation / bio & web / email address / contact info / Keywords or themes of interest / Focus cases / References or links to your related work, if you would like to connect with other attendees.''
Brisson, Zack, & Lee, Panthea (March, 2011). 'Egypt: From Revolutions to Institutions'<http://thereboot.org/wp-content/Egypt/Reboot-Egypt-From-Revolutions-To-Institutions.pdf>


== BERKMANERS ==
Chebib, Nadine Kassem  and Rabia Minatullah Sohail      2011  The Reasons Social Media Contributed To The 2011 Egyptian Revolution  International Journal of Business Research and Management (IJBRM), Volume (2) : Issue (3) : 2011      http://www.cscjournals.org/csc/manuscript/Journals/IJBRM/volume2/Issue3/IJBRM-52.pdf


=== Mayo Fuster Morell ===
Compilation of authors; Edited by Marc Lynch, Susan B. Glasser, and Blake Hounshell    2011  [e-book] Revolution in the Arab World: Tunisia, Egypt and the Unmaking of an Era      Foreign Policy  http://www.foreignpolicy.com/ebooks/revolution_in_the_arab_world


* Affiliation: Berkman center fellow, Harvard University. Involved on the Digital Commons Forum (http://www.digital-commons.net).  
Cottle, Simon  2011  Media and the Arab uprisings of 2011: Research notes  Journalism, July 2011; 12 (5)  http://www.contexting.me/files/CottleMediaandtheArabUprising.pdf
* Bio & web:http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/people/mfustermorell http://www.onlinecreation.info
* Email: mayo.fuster(at)eui.eu
* Keywords/themes: Free culture movement and 15M; organizational logic; use of technology; connexions with Global Justice Movement; commons perspective
* Focus cases: Spain - 15M, Catalonia


Related work:
Diani, Mario (2012)  Networks and Internet into Perspective. Swiss Political Science Review. Special issue: http://dmmsclick.wiley.com/view.asp?m=0jcva5g0090vlet42smd&u=19087420&f=h
* Video presentation: The Spanish Revolution & the Internet: From free culture to meta-politics http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/events/luncheon/2011/11/morell


=== Dalida María Benfield ===
Dupont, Cédric, Florence Passy  2011  Debate: The Arab Spring or How to Explain those Revolutionary Episodes? Swiss Political Science Review, Volume 17, Issue 4, pages 447–451, December 2011      http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1662-6370.2011.02037.x/abstract


* Affiliation: Berkman center fellow, Harvard University.
Eickelman, Dale    2005  New Media in the Arab Middle East and the Emergence of Open Societies in Remaking Muslim Politics ed. Robert Hefner    2005, Princeton University Press      http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=MmmVMCBej8oC&oi=fnd&pg=PA37&dq=%22new+media+in+the+arab+middle+east%22&ots=VVVYG9YiIe&sig=Z8J5mbCrhB5slmusWY4GlY20q20#v=onepage&q=%22new%20media%20in%20the%20arab%20middle%20east%22&f=false
* Bio & web: http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/people/dmbenfield.
* Email:
* Keywords/themes:
* Focus case: Occupy movement, Boston


Related work:
Ellis, Christopher J., John Fender    2010  Information Cascades and Revolutionary Regime Transitions    The Economic Journal  http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2010.02401.x/abstract   


=== Sasha Costanza-Chock ===
Eltantawy, Nahed, Julie B. Wiest 2011  Social Media in the Egyptian Revolution: Reconsidering Resource Mobilization Theory    International Journal of Communication  http://ijoc.org/ojs/index.php/ijoc/article/view/1242


* Affiliation: MIT Comparative media and Berkman center fellow, Harvard University.  
eMarketing Egypt      2011  Facebook in Egypt:e-marketing insights August 2011    Gartner Research      N/A
* Bio & web: http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/people/scostanzachock & http://schock.cc/
Farrell, Henry  N/A    The Internet's Consequences for Politics      Not yet published; posted online at Crooked Timber Blog crookedtimber.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/ARPS.pdf
* Email:
* Keywords/themes: Social media
* Focus case: Occupy movement, Boston


Related work:
Gamson, William A. (2012)  Arab Spring, Israeli Summer, and the Process of Cognitive Liberation. Swiss Political Science Review. Special issue: http://dmmsclick.wiley.com/view.asp?m=0jcva5g0090vlet42smd&u=19087420&f=h


=== Ethan Zuckerman (TBC) ===
Ghannam, Jeffrey  2011  Social Media in the Arab World: Leading up to the Uprisings of 2011    Center for International Media Assistance    http://cima.ned.org/publications/social-media-arab-world-leading-uprisings-2011-0


* Affiliation: MIT Comparative media and Berkman center fellow, Harvard University.  
Goldstone, Jack A. (2012)  Cross-class Coalitions and the Making of the Arab Revolts of 2011. Swiss Political Science Review. Special issue: http://dmmsclick.wiley.com/view.asp?m=0jcva5g0090vlet42smd&u=19087420&f=h
* Bio & web: http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/people/ezuckerman
* Email:
* Keywords/themes: Social media
* Focus cases: Occupy movement, Arab Spring


Related work:
Goodwin, Jeff. (2012) Why We Were Surprised (Again) by the Arab Spring. Swiss Political Science Review. Special issue: http://dmmsclick.wiley.com/view.asp?m=0jcva5g0090vlet42smd&u=19087420&f=h


Howard, P.    2010  [Book] The Digital Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy: Information Technology and Political Islam  Oxford University Press, 2010  http://faculty.washington.edu/pnhoward/publishing/internetislam/internetislam.html


Howard, Philip N. Aiden Duffy, Deen Freelon, Muzammil Hussain, Will Mari, and Marwa Mazaid    2011  Opening Closed Regimes: What Was the Role of Social Media During the Arab Spring?    Project on Information Technology & Political Islam (pITPI)    http://pitpi.org/index.php/2011/09/11/opening-closed-regimes-what-was-the-role-of-social-media-during-the-arab-spring/


=== Rob Faris ===
International Journal of Communication (Vol. 5), http://ijoc.org/ojs/index.php/ijoc


* Affiliation: Research Director for the Berkman Center, Harvard University.
Iqbal, Zubair    2011  Are Democratic Revolts Contagious? Implications for the Arab World    Middle East Institute  http://www.mei.edu/content/are-democratic-revolts-contagious-implications-arab-world
* Bio & web: http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/people/rfaris
* Email:
* Keywords/themes: Digital media
* Focus cases: Arab Spring


Related work:
Kabir, Nahid Afrose      2011  Egypt's Arab Spring: will the flowers blossom?  University of South Australia International Centre for Muslim and non-Muslim Understanding    http://www.unisa.edu.au/muslim-understanding/documents/kabir-egypts-arab-spring.pdf
* http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/views/publications/57


=== Bruce Etling ===
Khamis, Dr. Sahar  and Katherine Vaughn  2011  Cyberactivism in the Egyptian Revolution: How Civic Engagement and Citizen Journalism Tilted the Balance      Published in Issue 13 of Arab Media and Society (Formerly TBS Journal), Summer 2011    http://www.arabmediasociety.com/?article=769


* Affiliation: Director of the Internet & Democracy Project at the Berkman Center. 
Khondker, Habibul Haque    2011  Role of the New Media in the Arab Spring      Globalizations (published by Global Studies Association of North America), Volume 8, Issue 5, 2011 (available via Taylor & Francis Online)    http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14747731.2011.621287
* Bio & web: http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/people/betling
* Email: betling(at)cyber.law.harvard.edu
* Keywords/themes:
* Focus cases:


Related work:
Laipson, Ellen (project director); Courtney C. Radsch (author)  2011  Blogosphere and Social Media (pp. 67-81)      Seismic Shift: Understanding Change in the Middle East  http://www.stimson.org/images/uploads/research-pdfs/Blogosphere_and_Social_Media.pdf


=== Nagla Rizk ===
Lotan, Gilad et al. 2011. “The revolutions were tweeted.” International Journal of Communications 5: 1375-1405.


* Affiliation: American University of Cairo
Lotan, Gilad,  Erhardt Graeff, Mike Ananny, Devin Gaffney, Ian Pearce, danah boyd 2011  The Revolutions Were Tweeted: Information Flows During the 2011 Tunisian and Egyptian Revolutions    International Journal of Communication  http://ijoc.org/ojs/index.php/ijoc/article/view/1246
* Bio & web:  
* Email:
* Keywords/themes:
* Focus cases: Egypt


Related work:
Lynch, Marc      2011  After Egypt: The Limits and Promise of Online Challenges to the Authoritarian Arab State        Perspectives on Politics (2011), 9 : pp 301-310    http://www.marclynch.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/download-Lynch-article.pdf


=== Colin Maclay ===
Lynch, Marc    2007  Blogging the New Arab Public  Arab Media and Society (February 2007)  http://www.arabmediasociety.com/articles/downloads/20070312155027_AMS1_Marc_Lynch.pdf


* Affiliation: Managing Director of the Berkman Center.
Lysenkoa, Volodymyr V. Kevin C. Desouzab      2012  Moldova's internet revolution: Analyzing the role of technologies in various phases of the confrontation      Technological Forecasting and Social Change, via Science Direct http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040162511001223   
* Bio & web: http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/people/cmaclay
* Email: cmaclay(at)cyber.law.harvard.edu
* Keywords/themes:
* Focus cases:


Related work:
Malcolm Gladwell’s blog post on The New Yorker website, “Does Egypt Need Twitter?” www.newyorker.com (accessed November 11, 2011).


=== Amar Ashar ===
Murphy, Emma C.    2009  Theorizing ICTs in the Arab World: Informational Capitalism and the Public Sphere    International Studies Quarterly 53, p. 1131-1153      http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-2478.2009.00571.x/pdf


* Affiliation: Berkman Center's Program Coordinator.  
Musleh, Abeer 2012 Mobilizing during the Arab Revolutions: Palestinian Youth Speak for Themseleves. In Tejerina, B. and I. Perugorría (Eds.) From Social to Political. New Forms of Mobilization and Democratization, Bilbao: Servicio Editorial de la Universidad del País Vasco. Email: abmusleh@gmail.com 
* Bio & web: http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/people/aashar
* Email: ashar(at)cyber.law.harvard.edu
* Keywords/themes:
* Focus cases:


Related work:
Nanabhay, Mohamed  and Roxane Farmanfarmaian    2011  From spectacle to spectacular: How physical space, social media and mainstream broadcast amplified the public sphere in Egypt's ‘Revolution’  The Journal of North African Studies  http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13629387.2011.639562


== FROM OTHER INSTITUTIONS IN BOSTON ==
Nepstad, Sharon Erickson (2012) Nonviolent Resistance in the Arab Spring: The Critical Role of Military-Opposition Alliances. Swiss Political Science Review. Special issue:http://dmmsclick.wiley.com/view.asp?m=0jcva5g0090vlet42smd&u=19087420&f=h


=== Pablo Rey ===
Networks and Internet into Perspective" Swiss Political Science Review 17(4): 469–47  http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1662-6370.2011.02040.x/pdf


* Affiliation: Comparative Media MIT
Schneider, Cathy Lisa (2012) Violence and State Repression.Swiss Political Science Review. Special issue: http://dmmsclick.wiley.com/view.asp?m=0jcva5g0090vlet42smd&u=19087420&f=h
* Bio & web: http://montera34.org/prm/
* Email: pablo(at)basurama.org
* Keywords/Themes: Twitter use analysis.
* Focus cases: Occupy movement and Spanish case


Related work:
Skinner, Julia    2011  Social Media and Revolution: The Arab Spring and the Occupy Movement as Seen through Three Information Studies Paradigms      Sprouts Working Papers on Information Systems  http://sprouts.aisnet.org/11-169/


=== Nicole Doerr ===
Stephan, Maria J.        2011  Revolution and Political Transformation in the Middle East: Outcomes and Prospects, Volume 3  Middle East Institute  http://www.mei.edu/content/introduction-revolution-and-political-transformation-middle-east-outcomes-and-prospects-vol


* Affiliation: Kennedy School - Harvard University and Ash Center for Democratic Governance and Innovation from University of California Irvine.
Tufekci, Zaynep.  2011. “Too many messages and only one Facebook page.” Technosociology. Blog posted on September 19, 2011. http://technosociology.org, accessed November 11, 2011.  
* Bio & web: PhD on social movements. http://www.ash.harvard.edu/Home/About/Fellows-Scholars/Democracy/Doerr-Nicole
* Email: roshku(at)gmail.com
* Keywords/Themes:Translation and democracy in movements.
* Focus cases: Europe


Related work:
Tufekci, Zaynep. 2011. “New media and the people-powered uprisings.” Technology Review. Blog posted on August 30, 2011. www.technologyreview.com/blog/guest/27122/, accessed November 11, 2011.


=== Jeffrey Juris ===
Tufekci, Zeynep  2011  New Media and the People-Powered Uprisings    MIT Technology Review  http://www.technologyreview.com/blog/guest/27122/


* Affiliation: Northeastern University
Tufekci, Zeynep  N/A; publication forthcoming  The New Media Ecology and the Dynamics of Collective Action and Repression Under Autocracies  Draft provided to Berkman Center team; publication forthcoming in Journal of Communication    N/A; draft provided to Berkman Center team; please see Berkman webcast 'From Tehran to Tahrir: Social Media and Dynamics of Collective Action under Authoritarian Regimes,' available at http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/events/luncheon/2011/09/tufekci 
* Bio & web: Jeffrey S. Juris is an Associate Professor of Anthropology in the Department of Sociology and Anthropology at Northeastern University. He received his Ph.D. in anthropology from the University of California Berkeley, and is the author of Networking Futures: the Movements against Corporate Globalization (Duke University Press), Global Democracy and the World Social Forums (co-author, Paradigm Press), as well as numerous articles on social movements, transnational networks, new media, and political protest. His co-edited volume, Insurgent Encounters: Transnational Activism, Ethnography, and the Political, is forthcoming with Duke University Press, and he is currently working on a new book about free media and autonomy in Mexico. He is also conducting collaborative research on Occupy Boston, and has a forthcoming article in American Ethnologist called "Reflections on #Occupy Everywhere: Social Media, Public Space, and Emerging Logics of Aggregation."http://www.northeastern.edu/socant/?page_id=354 and www.jeffreyjuris.com
* Email: j.juris@neu.edu
* Keywords/Themes: globalization; social movements; new media; youth protest; violence; Occupy movements (social media, organization, direct democracy; race/class)
* Focus places: Previous work in Spain, Mexico, and U.S. Current research on Occupy Boston
* Related work: See above


=== Charlotte Ryan ===
Tufekci, Zeynep (2011) Video presentation http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/people/zeynep & http://technosociology.org/ Keywords/themes: Collective action and technology Focus cases: Arab Spring (Egypt) Related work: Video presentation: From Tehran to Tahrir: Social Media and Dynamics of Collective Action under Authoritarian Regimes http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/events/luncheon/2011/09/tufekci


* Affiliation: Boston College's Social Movements seminar
Wilson, Christopher and Alexandra Dunn. 2011a. “Digital media in the Egyptian revolution.” International Journal of Communication 5: 1248-1272.
* Bio & Web:
* Email:
* Keyword/Themes: Homeless movement and their use of cellphones for activism.
* Focus places: Occupy Movement, Boston


Related work:  
Wilson, Christopher, Alexandra Dunn    2011  Digital Media in the Egyptian Revolution: Descriptive Analysis from the Tahrir Data Set International Journal of Communication  http://ijoc.org/ojs/index.php/ijoc/article/view/1180


=== Jason Pramas ===
Zunes, Stephen    2011  Revolution and Political Transformation in the Middle East: Agents of Change, Volume 1  Middle East Institute  http://www.mei.edu/content/revolution-and-political-transformation-middle-east-agents-change


* Affiliation: Boston College's Social Movements seminar and Open Media Boston.
Zunes, Stephen  2011  Revolution and Political Transformation in the Middle East: Government Action and Response, Volume 2  Middle East Institute  http://www.mei.edu/content/introduction-revolution-and-political-transformation-middle-east-government-action-and
* Bio & Web: http://www.openmediaboston.org/
* Email:
* Keyword/Themes: Precarious workers' movement in Boston.
* Focus place: Occupy Movement Boston


Related work:  
'''BLOG POSTS  ARAB CASES: ''' 


== PARTICIPANTS FROM CES ==
Carvin, Andy      2011  Online Reports Detail Chaos, Deaths in Tunisia; Add Yours    NPR.org Jan 13  http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2011/01/13/132888992/tunisia-protests-social-media


===Cristina María Flesher Fominaya ===
Eltahawy, Mona    2010  Facebook, Youtube, and Twitter are The New Tools of Protest in the Arab World  Washington Post, August 7 2010  http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/08/06/AR2010080605094.html   


* Affiliation: Lecturer, Department of Sociology, University of Aberdeen.
Gallagher, Ian    2011    Egyptian police use Facebook and Twitter to track down protesters' names before 'rounding them up'    Daily Mail London 2011  http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1354096/Egypt-protests-Police-use-Facebook-Twitter-track-protesters.html
* Bio & web: PhD, Sociology, University of California, Berkeley. Founding co-chair, Council for European Studies European Social Movements Research Network (http://www.councilforeuropeanstudies.org/research/research-networks/social-movements<https://mail.abdn.ac.uk/owa/redir.aspx?C=3ebe09530160453999a7d1a9bba126a9&URL=http%3a%2f%2fwww.councilforeuropeanstudies.org%2fresearch%2fresearch-networks%2fsocial-movements). Editor Interface journa for and about social movements (http://www.interfacejournal.net). Current research project: Global waves of protest, in development (pending funding). Web: http://aberdeen.academia.edu/CristinaFlesherFominaya
*Email: cristinaflesher(at)gmail.com
*Keyword/Themes: Social movements and culture, internal movement divisions, vertical versus horizontal or autonomous versus institutional left approaches, collective identity formation in heterogeneous movements
*Focus place: Europe


Related work:
Greenberg, Andy    2011  As Egyptians Reconnect, Their Government Will Be Watching    Forbes.com 2011   http://www.forbes.com/sites/andygreenberg/2011/02/04/as-egyptians-reconnect-their-government-will-be-watching/ 
* Initial research on connections between GJM and 15-M in Europe, which follows from: “The Madrid bombings and popular protest: misinformation, counterinformation, mobilisation and elections after ‘11-M’” Contemporary Social Science Vol. 6, 3, 2011, pp. 1–19.  


‘"Collective Identity in Social Movements: Central Concepts and Debates", Sociology Compass,
Hirschkind, Charles      2011  The Road to Tahrir    Social Science Research Council  http://blogs.ssrc.org/tif/2011/02/09/the-road-to-tahrir/
Vol 4, 6, 2010, pp.393-404, doi: 10.1111/j.1751-9020.2010.00287.x
“Creating Cohesion from Diversity: The Challenge of Collective Identity Formation in the Global Justice Movement”, Sociological Inquiry, Vol 80, 3, 2010, pp. 377-404, doi: 10.1111/j.1475-682X.2010.00339.x
“Autonomous Movement and the Institutional Left: Two Approaches in Tension in Madrid's Anti-globalization Network”, South European Society & Politics, Vol 12, 3, 2007, pp.335-358.


=== Laurence Cox ===
Levinson, Charles  and Margaret Croker    2011  The Secret Rally That Sparked an Uprising    Wall Street Journal Feb 2011    http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704132204576135882356532702.html 


*Affiliation:
Masoud, Tarek    2011  An Exit Plan for Mubarak      New York Times  http://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/04/opinion/04masoud.html 
*Bio & web: Co-chair, Council for European Studies European SocialMovements Research Network (http://www.councilforeuropeanstudies.org/research/research-networks/social-movements). Editor Interface journal (http://www.interfacejournal.net).
*Email: laurence.cox(at)nuim.ie
*Keyword/Themes: social movements in comparative / historical perspective, relationship between anti-capitalist movement and working-class communities
*Focus place: Europe


Related work:  
Masoud, Tarek    2011  U.S. must back democracy in Egypt regardless  Los Angeles Times      http://articles.latimes.com/2011/feb/09/opinion/la-oe-masoud-egypt-20110209   
* Paper on how movements define themselves historically and locally to be presented at the CES conference;
* Chapter on continuity and ruptures between movements in Europe for book on European social movements;
* “Gramsci in Mayo” paper on theorising social movements in Ireland


May, Michelle  2011  How the Egyptian Revolution Inspired Protests in Spain  PBS Media Shift: Social Networking    http://www.pbs.org/mediashift/2011/06/how-the-egyptian-revolution-inspired-protests-in-spain161.html


=== Marcos Ancelovici ===
Mccormick, Ty    2011  The Road to Tahrir (Foreign Policy)    Foreign Policy August 18 2011  http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/08/18/the_road_to_tahrir   


* Affiliation: Department of Sociology, McGill University, Canada.
Mostak, Todd    2011  Tarek Masoud discusses the dynamics of Egypt's Revolution    Harvard University Center for Middle Eastern Studies  http://cmes.hmdc.harvard.edu/node/2427 
* Bio & web: Current project: Anti-Austerity Protests in France and Spain and Occupy movement in Montreal, Canada.
* Email: marcos.ancelovici(at)mcgill.ca
* Keywords/Themes: Composition and agenda (Who the occupiers were and what they wanted); Significance, usefulness and limits of framing demands in terms of “we are the 99%”; Participative democracy and the role of assemblies; and, the importance of problem-solving goals in social movements (what difference do they make for mobilization and for the sustainability of the movement?).
* Focus places: Spain, France and Montreal.


Related work:
N/A; Gulf Stream Blog  2011  Tunisia's Wikileaks Revolution? Harvard Kennedy School Belfer Center Gulfstream: Analysis from the Dubai Initative    http://middleeastinthenews.wordpress.com/2011/01/15/tunisias-wikileaks-revolution/
* Paper on the Spanish Indignados to be presented at the CES conference;
* Preliminary results about who the occupiers were and what they wanted. Based on survey at the site of the occupation in Montreal (my students and I interviewed 75 people).
* Short paper on the significance, usefulness and limits of framing demands in terms of “we are the 99%” (Paper in French).


=== Christian Scholl ===
N/A; Gulf Stream Blog  2011  When the People Rise Up: Egypt's Massive Protests and Their Unpredictable Outcomes    Harvard Kennedy School Belfer Center Gulfstream: Analysis from the Dubai Initative    http://middleeastinthenews.wordpress.com/2011/01/25/when-the-people-rise-up-egyptian-massive-protests-and-the-unpredictable-outcomes/


* Affiliation: Lecturer Political Science, University of Amsterdam.
N/A; Gulf Stream Blog  2011  When the People Rise Up: When the People Rise Up: Lessons from Tunisia  Harvard Kennedy School Belfer Center Gulfstream: Analysis from the Dubai Initative    http://middleeastinthenews.wordpress.com/2011/01/25/when-the-people-rise-up-lessons-from-tunisia/
* Bio & web: Current research project: Emergence of indignant movement in Europe
* Email: c.scholl(at)uva.nl
* Keywords/Themes:Tensions with Bottom-up democracy
* Focus places: Europe and Amsterdam.


Related work:
== Spanish "Indignatos"/15M ==


=== Ana Margarida Esteves ===
Fuster Morell, M (2011) Video presentation: The Spanish Revolution & the Internet: From free culture to meta-politics http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/events/luncheon/2011/11/morell


* Affiliation: Tulane University
Fuster Morell, M. & Subirats, J. (2012). Més enllà d'Internet com a eina "martell” - eina de la vella política: Cap un nou Policy Making?. Els casos del Moviment de Cultura Lliure i pel Procomú Digital i el 15M a Catalunya (Beyond the Internet as a tool "hammer" - tool of the old politics: Towards a New Policy Making?. Cases the Free Culture Movement and the digital commons and 15M in Catalonia). Research report. Institute de Govern i Politiques Publiques (UAB) per l'Escola d'Administracio Publica de Catalunya. (139 pages)
* Bio & web: Current research project: Insurgent Economics: The Solidarity Economy movement and the developmentalist state in Brazil (book manuscript based on my dissertation)
* Email: aesteves(at)tulane.edu
* Keywords/Themes: Chronology of events and the "contagion" effect between the Arab Spring, the protest movements in Greece, Spain and Portugal and the Occupy movement in the USA.  
* Focus places: Portugal and USA


Related work:
Postill, John. n.d. “Democracy in an age of viral reality,” unpublished manuscript submitted to special edition of Ethnography “Media Ethnography and Public Sphere Engagement,” edited  by Debra Vidali and Thomas Tufte.


=== Maite Tapia ===
Taibo, Carlos. 2011. El 15-M en sesenta preguntas. Madrid: Los libros de la Catarata.


* Affiliation: Ph.D. Candidate at Cornell University. This academic year visiting student at MIT (Institute for Work and Employment Research - Sloan Department of management).  
Toret, Javier (2011) Una mirada tecnopolítica sobre los primeros días del #15M .http://civilsc.net/node/14
* Bio & web: Current research project: As part of my dissertation, I focus on the diffusion of community organizing from the US to the UK and Germany, as well as the mobilization capacity and organizational processes of community organizations and trade unions in the US and Europe. I started very preliminary research on the Occupy movement,
* Email: mtapia81(at)gmail.com
* Keywords/themes: Diffusion of ideas; International scale; The role of the labor movement and whether/how they shaped the rise of these new social movements.
* Focus places: Occupy movement, UK and Germany. 


Related work:
Jornadas Seminario de “Comunicación y Sociedad Civil” de la UOC-IN3: http://civilsc.net/


=== Elzbieta Cizewska ===
Purmar, Victor (2012) Los indignados cumplen un año. El éxito tangible del 15M http://www.unitedexplanations.org/2012/03/21/los-indignados-cumplen-un-ano-el-exito-tangible-del-15m/


* Affiliation: University of Warsaw
== Occupy Wall Street ==
* Bio & web:
* Email: e.cizewska(at)uw.edu.pl, cizewska(at)gmail.com
* Themes/topics: Cultural approaches to social movements.
* Focus places: Poland


Related work:
American Ethnologist's (AE) May 2012 issue (Volume 39, Issue 2) features three open-access articles on the Occupy movements (by Jeffrey Juris, Maple Razsa/Andrej Kurnik, and David Nugent). ***Photos, abstracts, and direct links to the articles are available on AE's website: http://www.americanethnologist.org Click on the Occupy article titles and you will be taken to the abstracts (and accompanying photos), and at the end of the abstracts you will find live open access links to the full article PDFs in the Wiley-Online Library. 1) Maple Razsa and Andrej Kurnik, "The Occupy Movement in Žižek’s hometown: Direct democracy and a politics of becoming". 2) Jeffrey S. Juris, "Reflections on #Occupy Everywhere: Social media, public space, and emerging logics of aggregation". 3) David Nugent, "Commentary: Democracy, temporalities of capitalism, and dilemmas of inclusion in Occupy movements"


=== Francesca Vassallo ===
Adbusters call to occupy wall street: www.adbusters.org/blogs/adbusters-blog/occupywallstreet.html (accessed October 24, 2011).


*Affiliation: University of Southern Maine
Costanza-Chock, Sasha (2012) Video presentation Media Culture in the Occupy Movement: http://vimeo.com/groups/occupyvideo/videos/37833652
*Bio & web:  
*Email: francesca.vassallo(at)maine.edu
*Themes/topics: French protest activism during austerity policies.
*Focus places: France


Related work: possibly as scheduled for CES conference
Collins, Joan. 2012. "Theorizing Wisconsin's 2011 Protests." American Ethnologist 39(1): 1-15.


=== Alice Mattoni ===
Collins, Randall. 2001. “Social movements and the focus of emotional attention.” In Passionate Politics, edited by Jeff Goodwin, James M. Jasper and Francesca
Polletta, 27–44. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.


* Affiliation: University of Pittsburgh.
Hector R. Cordero-Guzman, "Main Stream Support for a Mainstream Movement,  The 99% Movement Comes From and Looks Like the 99%, Profile of web traffic taken from occupywallstreet.org," October 19, 2011, http://occupywallst.org (accessed January 4, 2011).  
* Bio & web: Phd.  
* Email:
* Themes/topics: Precarity movement in Italy
* Focus places: Occupy movement, Pittsburgh, Italy.


Related work:
Graeber, David. 2011. "On Playing By the Rules—The Strange Success of #OccupyWallStreet,"http://www.nakedcapitalism.com (accessed January 4, 2012).
== Other scholars that show interest in the topic and we are connected to ==


Dr. Prof. Yochai Benkler
Hardt, Michael and Antonio Negro. 2011. "The Fight for 'Real Democracy' at the Heart of Occupy Wall Street." - (October 11),  www.foreignaffairs.com (accessed  January 5, 2012).  
Dr. Prof. Manuel Castells
Dr. Prof. Donatella della Porta
Dr. Prof. Joan Subirats
Dr. Prof. James Jasper
Dr. Andrea Teti


= Exchange and systematization of resources on the topic =
Milan, Stefania. 2011. “Cloud protesting.” Blog posted on October 18, 2011. http://stefi.engagetv.com/node/103, accessed November 11, 2011.


Add links to articles, research, people and more.
Gamson, Bill. (2012) [http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/21M12socialcooperation/sites/21M12socialcooperation/images/Gamson_010212CulturalOutcomesOccupyMovement.doc Cultural Outcomes of the Occupy Movement]. December 30, 2011  [with changes added: January 2, 2012]


Video Berkman presentations:
Rinke, Einke M. and Maria Röder. 2011. “Media ecologies, communication culture, and temporal-spatial unfolding.” International Journal of Communication 5: 1273-1285.  
* Beth Coleman - Berkman Fellow "Tweeting the  Revolution: agency, collective action, and the negotiation of risk in a  networked age"  http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/events/luncheon/2011/10/coleman


Occupy research:
Costanza-Chock, Sasha    2010  [Dissertation] Se Ve, Se Siente: Transmedia Mobilization in the Los Angeles Immigrant Rights Movement  USC Annenberg School of Communication 2010 Completed Dissertions      http://annenberg.usc.edu/Research/Student/Dissertations/Completed10/Costanza-ChockS.aspx
* http://occupyresearch.wikispaces.com/
 
* Zotero Group: https://www.zotero.org/groups/occupyresearch
Schradie, Jen. 2011. "Why Tents (Still) Matter for the Occupy Movement," www.commondreams.org (January 4, 2012).
 
Suresh, Fernando Occupy Vancouver Organizer on Dec 27, 2011Occupy My Soul by http://thenextedge.org/2011/12/occupy-my-soul/
 
Ruggero, E, Colin (2011). "Spirit of ’76: Occupy Philadelphia, Voicelessness, and the Challenge of Growing the Occupy Wall Street Movement" Deliberately Considered, November 2011. Blog post: [http://www.deliberatelyconsidered.com/2011/11/spirit-of-%E2%80%9976-occupy-philadelphia-voicelessness-and-the-challenge-of-growing-the-occupy-wall-street-movement/]
 
Gamson, Bill. (2012) Boston College Cultural Outcomes of the Occupy Movement. December 30, 2011  [with changes added: January 2, 2012]
 
''Blogs on OWS:''
 
Meyer David's Blog: http://politicsoutdoors.com/tag/occupy/ and http://politicsoutdoors.com/tag/occupy-wall-street/;
 
The Center for the Study of Social Movements at the University of Notre Dame <http://cssm.nd.edu/>: http://mobilizingideas.wordpress.com/tag/occupy-movement/;
 
Foreign Affairs articles on OWS: http://www.foreignaffairs.com/node/133733.
 
== Russia ==
 
By John Kelly, Vladimir Barash, Karina Alexanyan, Bruce Etling, Robert Faris, Urs Gasser, and John Palfrey “Mapping Russian Twitter” <http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/publications/2012/mapping_russian_twitter>
 
== Comparison of several cases ==
 
Ancelovici, Marcos (2012) “Le mouvement Occupy et la question des inégalités: Ce que le slogan ‘Nous sommes les 99 %’ dit et ne dit pas.” In F. Dupuis-Déri, ed. Par dessus le marché! Rélexions critiques sur le capitalisme. Montreal: Écosociété. [http://ancelovici.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/le-mouvement-occupy-et-la-question-des-inc3a9galitc3a9s-ancelovici.pdf]
 
Rey, Pablo (2011) Gallery of different twitter-newspaper visualizations. http://numeroteca.org/cat/frontpage-newspaper/
 
Rey, Pablo (2011)  Post: Analyzing newspapers’ front pages to interpret the Mainstream Media ecology. Researching the #15M, #Occupy movement and the Arab Spring. Interested in the relationship between Mainstream Media and social Media(Twitter): http://civic.mit.edu/blog/pablo/analyzing-newspapers-front-pages
 
Gamson, William A. (2012) Arab Spring, Israeli Summer, and the Process of Cognitive Liberation. Swiss Political Science Review. Special issue: http://dmmsclick.wiley.com/view.asp?m=0jcva5g0090vlet42smd&u=19087420&f=h
 
USA - SPAIN
 
Fuster Morell, M (2012) Blog post Report on OWS Forum on the commons: http://www.onlinecreation.info/?p=492
 
== Theory ==
 
Aday, Sean, Harry Farrell, Marc Lynch, and John Sides  2010  Special Report: Advancing New Media Research  United States Institute of Peace      http://www.usip.org/publications/advancing-new-media-research  
 
Aday, Sean, Harry Farrell, Marc Lynch, John Sides, John Kelly, & Ethan Zuckerman 2010  Blogs and Bullets: New Media in Contentious Politics    United States Institute of Peace      http://www.usip.org/publications/blogs-and-bullets-new-media-in-contentious-politics   
 
Bajpai, Kartikeya and Anuj Jaiswal    2011  A Framework for Analyzing Collective Action Events on Twitter  Proceedings of the 8th International ISCRAM Conference--Lisbon, Portugal, May 2011    www.iscramlive.org/ISCRAM2011/proceedings/papers/119.pdf
 
Benkler, Yochai    2006 (hardcover publication)  The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom (see especially Chapter 7, "Political Freedom Part 2: Emergence of the Networked Public Sphere"  Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial Sharealike  License  http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/wealth_of_networks/Main_Page#Reviews_and_Blogs
 
Castells, Manuel 2009  Communication Power    Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press      Book reviews are available at:  http://mcs.sagepub.com/content/32/6/1043.full.pdf+html?rss=1 (published in the journal Media Culture Society) or http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10584609.2010.517097 (published in the journal Political Communication)
 
Couldry,  Nick, James  Curran  (eds.);  W.  Lance Bennett (author)  2003  Chapter 2: New Media Power: The Internet and Global Activism  Contesting media power: alternative media in a networked world (book)  http://depts.washington.edu/ccce/assets/documents/pdf/newmediapower.pdf 
 
della Porta, Donatella Sidney Tarrow (eds). (2005) Transnational Protest and Global Activism, New York, Rowman and Littlefield.
 
della Porta, Donatella (ed.), 2009. Democracy in Social Movements, Houndsmill, Palgrave.
 
Diamond, Larry  2010  Liberation Technology  Journal of Democracy 21(3):69-83      http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/journal_of_democracy/v021/21.3.diamond.html
Earle, Lucy    2011  Literature Review on the Dynamics of Social Movements in Fragile and Conflict-Affected States  Emerging Issues Research Service of the Governance and Social Development Resource Centre (GSDRC)    www.gsdrc.org/docs/open/EIRS13.pdf
 
Edmond, Chris  2011  Information Manipulation, Coordination, and Regime Change    The National Bureau of Economic Research      http://www.nber.org/papers/w17395.pdf 
 
Goldstone, Jack    2011  Understanding the Revolutions of 2011  Foreign Affairs  http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/67694/jack-a-goldstone/understanding-the-revolutions-of-2011
 
Goldstone, Jack Ted Robert Gurr and Farrokh Moshiri, eds.    1991  [Book] Revolutions of the Late Twentieth Century      Boulder: Westview Press, 1991  No eBook available
 
González-Bailón, "Sandra , Javier Borge-Holthoefer, Alejandro Rivero    & Yamir Moreno" 2011  The Dynamics of Protest Recruitment through an Online Network  Scientific Reports 1, Article number: 197, December 2011      http://www.nature.com/srep/2011/111215/srep00197/full/srep00197.html
 
Huntington, Samuel P.    1991    [Book] The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century    Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1991  No eBook available
 
McAdam, D., Sidney Tarrow and Charles Tilly    2001  Dynamics of Contention  New York, Cambridge University Press, 2001    http://site.ebrary.com.library.aucegypt.edu:2048/lib/aucairo/docDetail.action?docID=10005733
 
Meier, Patrick    2011  Chapter 2: From Evidence to Model in Do "Liberation Technologies" Change the Balance of Power Between Repressive Regimes and Civil Society? DRAFT    DRAFT of Stanford University thesis    http://irevolution.files.wordpress.com/2011/11/meier-dissertation-final.pdf
 
Mourtada, R. and Fadi Salem (2011) Produced by DSG’s Governance and Innovation Program and co-authored by Racha Mourtada and Fadi Salem  2011  Facebook Usage: Factors and Analysis  Dubai School of Government, Arab Social Media Report, Vol. 1, Issue 1, Jan. 2011      http://www.dsg.ae/NEWSANDEVENTS/UpcomingEvents/ASMRHome.aspx   


Blog posts:
Mourtada, R. and Fadi Salem Produced by DSG’s Governance and Innovation Program and co-authored by Racha Mourtada and Fadi Salem  2011  Civil Movements: The Impact of Facebook and Twitter    Dubai School of Government, Arab Social Media Report, Vol. 1, Issue 2, May 2011 http://www.dsg.ae/NEWSANDEVENTS/UpcomingEvents/ASMROverview2.aspx     
* Occupy My Soul by Suresh Fernando Occupy Vancouver Organizer on Dec 27, 2011 http://thenextedge.org/2011/12/occupy-my-soul/


= Discussion agenda =
Neumayer, Christina  and Celina Raffl    2008  Facebook for Global Protest: The Potential and Limits of Social Software for Grassroots Activism      Prato CIRN 2008 Community Infomatics Conference: ICTs for Social Inclusion: What is the Reality? Refereed Paper http://pep-forums.990086.n3.nabble.com/file/n2539001/2008-Neumayer-Raffl-Facebook_protest_FARC.pdf   
           
Clusters of issues: working progress


A) How // Emerging organizational logics, modes of interaction and involvement with social media.
Rhue, Lauren, Arun Sundararajan  2011  Digital Access, Political Networks and the Diffusion of Democracy    SSRN, NYU Working Paper No. CEDER-11-03 http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1892669   


Collective action and digital media: Mayo Fuster Morell, Sasha Costanza-Chock, Ethan Zuckerman (TBC), Rob Faris, Zeynep Tufekci, Bruce Etling, Nagla Rizk, Colin Maclay (TBC), Pablo Rey (TBC), Jeffrey Juris, and Jason Pramas.
Rinke, Eike M.  and Maria Röder  2011  Media Ecologies, Communication Culture, and Temporal-Spatial Unfolding: Three Components in a Communication Model of the Egyptian Regime Change  International Journal of Communication  http://mkw.uni-mannheim.de/prof_dr_hartmut_wessler/eike_rinke/rinke_roeder/rinke_roeder.pdf


Internal performative dynamics and democratic conceptions: Nicole Doerr (Decision making), Christian Scholl (Tensions with Bottom-up democracy); and, Marcos Ancelovici (Participative democracy and the role of assemblies).
Robert Gurr, Ted  1970  Why Men Rebel  Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1970    No eBook available


B) Is this really a global wave of protest? If so, Why // Explanatory factors and cases connections, and how the wave is diffused and translated among the several cases? Are there similar factors between them? Why did social mobilization happen in so many countries at once?.
Ruth Kricheli, Yair Livne, and Beatriz Magaloni 2011  Taking to the Streets: Theory and Evidence on Protests under Authoritarianism  Stanford University's Center on Development, Democracy, and the Rule of Law (CDDRL), Program on Poverty and Governance Project  http://cddrl.stanford.edu/publications/taking_to_the_streets_theory_and_evidence_on_protests_under_authoritarianism/


Historical perspective:
Senger, Dustin  (with Dr. Cynthia Suopis)  2010  Can Social Media Spread Democracy? A Review of Literature    dustinsenger.com      www.dustinsenger.com/publications/report/Social_Media_Democracy.pdf   


Laurence Cox (Historical contextualization), Mayo Fuster Morell and Jeffrey Juris (Connections with previous waves of movilizations – Global Justice Movement)
Shehata, Dina  2011  The Fall of the Pharaoh Foreign Affairs  http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/67687/dina-shehata/the-fall-of-the-pharaoh


Explanatory factors:
Shirky, Clay    2008  Here comes everybody: the power of organizing without organizations    New York, Penguin, 2008  http://books.google.com/books/about/Here_comes_everybody.html?id=mafZyckH_bAC


Jason Pramas (Precarious working conditions in Boston) Alice Mattoni (Labor Precarity in Italy)
Spier, Shaked    2011  CollectiveAction 2.0: The Impact of ICT-Based Social Media on Collective Action – Difference in Degree or Difference in Kind?  Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin  http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/master/spier-shaked-2011-08-15/PDF/spier.pdf 


Charlotte Ryan (Social exclusion: Homeless movement)
Zimbra, A. Abbasi, and H. Chen    2010  A Cyber-archaeology Approach to Social Movement Research: Framework and Case Study    Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication    http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2010.01531.x/abstract   


How the wave diffuse and translate among the several cases?


Ana Margarida Esteves (Chronology of events and the "contagion" effect) Maite Tapia (Diffusion of community organizing) Nicole Doerr (Translation and democracy) Cristina Flesher Fominaya (brief chronology and methodological issues)
'''Blog posts theory:'''


Maite Tapia (Is there potential for a shift of scale (e.g., to an international level)?)
Esfandiari, Golnaz  2010  The Twitter Devolution  Foreign Policy June 7 2010    http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2010/06/07/the_twitter_revolution_that_wasnt   


C) Movement composition and visions/strategies of change: Actors involved, in terms (e.g.) of social groups mobilised vs those passive and those hostile, of different political and cultural traditions involved or not involved.
Gladwell, Malcolm  and Clay Shirky      2011  From Innovation to Revolution: Do Social Media Make Protests Possible?  Foreign Affairs http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/67325/malcolm-gladwell-and-clay-shirky/from-innovation-to-revolution 


Movement composition: Marcos Ancelovici (Who the occupiers were and what they wanted) Charlotte Ryan (Homeless movement) Alice Mattoni (Precarity movement in Italy) Maite Tapia (The role of the labor movement and whether/how they shaped the rise of these new social movements) Mayo Fuster Morell (Free culture movement trajectory into 15M in Spain)
Shirky, Clay      2011  The Political Power of Social Media: Technology, the Public Sphere, and Political Change      Foreign Affairs http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/67038/clay-shirky/the-political-power-of-social-media


Visions/strategies of change: Mayo Fuster Morell (Ecology of strategies; commons umbrella) Marcos Ancelovici (Significance, usefulness and limits of framing demands in terms of “we are the 99%”; the importance of problem-solving goals in social movements (what difference do they make for mobilization and for the sustainability of the movement?).
== Others ==


Map of places/cases
Bauwens, Michel 'Occupy' as a business model: The emerging open-source civilisation. The Occupy Wall Street movement is a model for a new economic paradigm, in which value is first created by communities. http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2012/03/2012361233474499.html


Occupy movement (general): Ana Margarida Esteves, Maite Tapia Boston : Sasha Costanza-Chock, Pablo Rey (TBC), Nicole Doerr, Jeffrey Juris, Charlotte Ryan, Jason Pramas Pittburg : Alice Mattoni Canada: Montreal : Marcos Ancelovici
Observatorio Metropolitano (Octubre 2011). Crisis y revolucion en Europa. Traficantes de suenyos: Madrid. (Spanish)
http://traficantes.net/index.php/editorial/catalogo/otras/Crisis-y-revolucion-en-Europa
''This analysis  by Observatorio Metropolitano (October 2011) links the social mobilizaions from northern Africa and Europe.''


Arab Spring (general): Rob Faris, Bruce Etling, Tunisia : Ethan Zuckerman (TBC) Egypt : Zeynep Tufekci, Nagla Rizk
Occupy research resources:
* http://occupyresearch.wikispaces.com/
* Zotero Group: https://www.zotero.org/groups/occupyresearch


European dimension: Christian Scholl, Cristina María Flesher Fominaya and Nicole Doerr Spain : Mayo Fuster Morell, Pablo Rey (TBC), Cristina María Flesher Fominaya, Marcos Ancelovici Germany : Nicole Doerr, Maite Tapia Italy : Alice Mattoni UK: Maite Tapia Ireland : Laurence Cox France : Marcos Ancelovici, Francesca Vassallo Amsterdam : Christian Scholl Portugal : Ana Margarida Esteves Poland : Elzbieta Cizewska
Chinese Government Reaction to OWS by newmediadev2011 http://newmediadev2011.wikischolars.columbia.edu/Chinese+Government+Reaction+to+OWS

Latest revision as of 13:30, 18 June 2012

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Participants workshop March 21, 2011
The Puerta del Sol square in Madrid May 2011
Celebrations in Tahrir Square, Cairo, 2011
Demonstrators in front of the Greek parliament, 29 May.
Protesters in downtown Tunis on 14 January 2011
Iceland concentration 20 January 2009
Protesters near the New York City Police Department, 2011
Protesters gathering in Pearl roundabout for the first time since the begging of the 2011 Bahraini uprising
Protest in Sanaa, Yemen (February 3, 2011)
Demonstration in Al Bayda Libya, 2011
Demonstrators in the plaza in front of the Greek parliament, 25 May
Anonymous protestors at the Brussels Stock Exchange, Belgium, January 2012
Sol, 18 May, early morning
Occupy London Tent, 25 May 2011
Poster OWS 17 September 2011

Workshop: Understanding the New Wave of Social Cooperation: A Triangulation of the Arab Revolutions, European Mobilizations and the American Occupy Movement
9:00am-5:15pm
March 21st, 2012
Harvard University- Cambridge, MA (Boston)
Social media hashtag: #21M #occupyresearch IRC: #Berkman

Introduction

This one-day workshop brought together several groups of researchers: members of the Council for European Studies (CES) European Social Movements research network who were in Boston for the Council for European Studies conference (March 22 - 24); scholars at the Berkman Center; and researchers from institutions including the Harvard Kennedy School, MIT's Comparative Media Center, Northwest University and Boston College's'Movements/media Research and Action Project (MRAP).

The workshop was hosted in the Berkman Center at Harvard University and is organized in cooperation with the Council for European Studies (CES) European Social Movements research network and the collaboration of MIT Comparative media and Occupy Research. Organization credits

Goals and Key Objectives

At this event, we undertook a historically grounded comparative approach that attempted to place these protests and their corresponding forms of social cooperation in context and sought to establish an analytical and theoretical grounding for the study of these events. We did not only investigate each individual case, but also assessed the relationships (or lack thereof) between each of the respective cases.

More specifically, the workshop analyzed the particular details associated with each national/regional case and identified and discussed any commonalities between them based on a 'triangulation' of current research and understanding on the Arab revolutions, European mobilizations and the American Occupy movement. To facilitate an interactive discussion on these topics during the event, the specific angle of each of the three planned sessions was defined around clusters of participants' interest:

  • EMERGING ORGANIZATIONAL FORMS AND DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES

Which organizational forms were adopted by the movements in each case? What is the role of social media in shaping these emerging forms? Are there similarities among the cases? What do these cases tell us about the conditions and organizational principles of collective action?

  • WHO MOBILIZED AND WITH WHICH GOALS AND STRATEGIES?

What is the movement composition (i.e, who were the actors and what social bases were involved)? In terms of the actors what is the continuity with previous mobilization waves, such as the global justice movement? What were/are the visions and strategies of change in each of the cases? Is there a common political view or strategy among all the cases? What are the significant divisions between actors within each individual case? Are there similar divisions across different cases, and to what extent are the local and national dynamics important in shaping movement configuration?

  • EXPLANATORY FACTORS AND CONNECTIONS AMONG THE CASES

Why did social mobilization happen in so many countries at once? Are there similar explanatory factors and historical trajectories that explain why mobilization took place? Is it legitimate to talk about a global wave of mobilization? If so, how are these different cases connected and how might we confirm and document the connections between movements? What are the mechanisms of diffusion and translation among the cases?

Objectives:

To achieve the overarching goal of "triangulating" of the current research and understanding on the Arab revolutions, European mobilizations and the American Occupy movement, our specific goals were:

  • Contextualize (both historically and from a socio-political perspective) the impact of digital tools in collective action by connecting the social movements studies tradition with the analysis of Internet-based phenomena, which required drawing connections among European, North American, and Arabic approaches to research and analysis.
  • Map and systematically organize existing research and expertise on the current wave of social cooperation and mobilization.
  • Exchange, share, and discuss current work and facilitate synergy among researchers on the topic.

Format and methodology

The workshop was intended as an exchange between researchers at the event rather than as an opportunity to disseminate information to other researchers or to the general public. To facilitate interaction among researchers, this workshop avoided conference-style presentations and instead was designed to foster dialogue among individuals working in this space. The format was mainly discussion-based around a series of questions, with the opportunity to share papers in advance of the event itself at this wiki. A maximum of 30 participants were expected at this highly-interactive event.

For each session, a moderator introduced the theme followed by very short (5 minute) warm up presentations. Then all participants were invited to discuss any and all issues pertaining to the theme. Each session finalized by someone providing a synthesis of the discussion. For each session, we assigned a note taker and like tweeting.

All workshop discussion were audio recorded for note taking purposes. Live streaming connexion were provided upon request.

Schedule

List of participants

Contact Mayo Fuster Morell at mayofm(at)cyber.law.harvard.edu or Amar Ashar at ashar(at)cyber.law.harvard.edu

Workshop documentation

Notes sessions:

  • 9:30 am – 10:30 am EMERGING ORGANIZATIONAL FORMS AND DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES and 10:45 am-11:45 am CONTINUATION EMERGING ORGANIZATIONAL FORMS AND DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES: METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES Notes session
  • 1:00 pm-2:30 pm WHO MOBILIZED AND WITH WHICH GOALS AND STRATEGIES? Notes session
  • 2:45 pm-4:15 pm EXPLANATORY FACTORS AND CONNECTIONS AMONG THE CASES Notes session
  • 4:15 - 5:00 pm Final reflections and next steps: Theoretical Take-Aways and Ways to Rethink Research Notes takes final session

Slides:

Audio recording of the workshop could be provided upon request.

Map of case/participant

USA Occupy movement (general): Beth Coleman, Maite Tapia, E. Colin Ruggero, Marcos Ancelovici, William A. (Bill) Gamson, Ofer Sharone, Pablo Rey, Dalida María Benfield, Nicole Doerr, Tim McCarthy, Martha Fuentes-Bautista

  • Boston: Sasha Costanza-Chock, Pablo Rey, Nicole Doerr, Jeffrey Juris, Jason Pramas, Sandra Ray, Robert J. Wengronowitz, Gabriel Schaffzin
  • Pittburg: Alice Mattoni
  • Philadelphia: E. Colin Ruggero

Canada: Montreal: Marcos Ancelovici

Arab Spring (general): Rob Faris, Bruce Etling, Alicia Solow-Niederman, William A. (Bill) Gamson

  • Tunisia: Zack Brisson
  • Egypt: Lina Attalah, Zeynep Tufekci, Nagla Rizk, Alicia Solow-Niederman, Zack Brisson, Dalida María Benfield

South African Movements: Nicole Doerr

Israeli Summer: William A. (Bill) Gamson

European dimension: Cristina María Flesher Fominaya, Francesca Vassallo, Nicole Doerr, Alexander Trechsel

  • Spain: Mayo Fuster Morell, Pablo Rey, Cristina María Flesher Fominaya, Marcos Ancelovici
  • Germany: Nicole Doerr, Maite Tapia
  • Greece: Maria Kousis, Sandra Ray
  • Italy: Alice Mattoni
  • UK: Maite Tapia
  • Ireland: Laurence Cox France : Marcos Ancelovici, Francesca Vassallo
  • Poland: Elzbieta Cizewska
  • France: Marcos Ancelovici
  • Russia: Rob Faris, Bruce Etling

Latino-america:

  • Venezuela: Martha Fuentes-Bautista

Distribution of participants per topics

Bibliographic resources

Please add any relevant resource.

Arab Spring

"Faculty Insights", AUC Today, Spring 2011 http://www1.aucegypt.edu/publications/auctoday/AUCTodaySpring11/01_Faculty_Insights.htm

Al-Malky, Rania 2007 Blogging for Reform: the Case of Egyp Arab Media and Society (February 2007) http://www.arabmediasociety.com/articles/downloads/20070312143716_AMS1_Rania_Al_Malky.pdf

Alimi, Eitan Y. and David S. Meyer (2012) Seasons of Change: Arab Spring and Political Opportunities. Swiss Political Science Review. Special issue: http://dmmsclick.wiley.com/view.asp?m=0jcva5g0090vlet42smd&u=19087420&f=h

Anderson, Jon 2003 New Media, New Publics: Reconfiguring the Public Sphere of Islam Social Research 70 (3):888-906 http://www.policyinnovations.org/ideas/policy_library/data/01338

Anderson, Lisa 2011 Demystifying the Arab Spring: Parsing the Differences Between Tunisia, Egypt, and Libya Foreign Affairs http://www.ssrresourcecentre.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/Anderson-Demystifying-the-Arab-Spring.pdf

Aouragh, Miriyam and Anne Alexander. 2011. “The Egyptian experience.” International Journal of Communication (5): 1344-1358.

Axelford, Barrie 2011 Talk about a Revolution: Social Media and the MENA Uprisings Globalizations (published by Global Studies Association of North America), Volume 8, Issue 5, 2011 (available via Taylor & Francis Online) http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14747731.2011.621281#preview

Babak Rahimi 2011 The Agonistic Social Media: Cyberspace in the Formation of Dissent and Consolidation of State Power in Postelection Iran The Communication Review http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10714421.2011.597240

Brisson, Zack, & Krontiris, Kate (March, 2012). 'Tunisia: From Revolutions to Institutions' <http://dl.dropbox.com/u/53226669/Tunisia%201-2012-Publication-Web-%C6%92.pdf> World Bank Group

Brisson, Zack, & Lee, Panthea (March, 2011). 'Egypt: From Revolutions to Institutions'<http://thereboot.org/wp-content/Egypt/Reboot-Egypt-From-Revolutions-To-Institutions.pdf>

Chebib, Nadine Kassem and Rabia Minatullah Sohail 2011 The Reasons Social Media Contributed To The 2011 Egyptian Revolution International Journal of Business Research and Management (IJBRM), Volume (2) : Issue (3) : 2011 http://www.cscjournals.org/csc/manuscript/Journals/IJBRM/volume2/Issue3/IJBRM-52.pdf

Compilation of authors; Edited by Marc Lynch, Susan B. Glasser, and Blake Hounshell 2011 [e-book] Revolution in the Arab World: Tunisia, Egypt and the Unmaking of an Era Foreign Policy http://www.foreignpolicy.com/ebooks/revolution_in_the_arab_world

Cottle, Simon 2011 Media and the Arab uprisings of 2011: Research notes Journalism, July 2011; 12 (5) http://www.contexting.me/files/CottleMediaandtheArabUprising.pdf

Diani, Mario (2012) Networks and Internet into Perspective. Swiss Political Science Review. Special issue: http://dmmsclick.wiley.com/view.asp?m=0jcva5g0090vlet42smd&u=19087420&f=h

Dupont, Cédric, Florence Passy 2011 Debate: The Arab Spring or How to Explain those Revolutionary Episodes? Swiss Political Science Review, Volume 17, Issue 4, pages 447–451, December 2011 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1662-6370.2011.02037.x/abstract

Eickelman, Dale 2005 New Media in the Arab Middle East and the Emergence of Open Societies in Remaking Muslim Politics ed. Robert Hefner 2005, Princeton University Press http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=MmmVMCBej8oC&oi=fnd&pg=PA37&dq=%22new+media+in+the+arab+middle+east%22&ots=VVVYG9YiIe&sig=Z8J5mbCrhB5slmusWY4GlY20q20#v=onepage&q=%22new%20media%20in%20the%20arab%20middle%20east%22&f=false

Ellis, Christopher J., John Fender 2010 Information Cascades and Revolutionary Regime Transitions The Economic Journal http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2010.02401.x/abstract

Eltantawy, Nahed, Julie B. Wiest 2011 Social Media in the Egyptian Revolution: Reconsidering Resource Mobilization Theory International Journal of Communication http://ijoc.org/ojs/index.php/ijoc/article/view/1242

eMarketing Egypt 2011 Facebook in Egypt:e-marketing insights August 2011 Gartner Research N/A Farrell, Henry N/A The Internet's Consequences for Politics Not yet published; posted online at Crooked Timber Blog crookedtimber.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/ARPS.pdf

Gamson, William A. (2012) Arab Spring, Israeli Summer, and the Process of Cognitive Liberation. Swiss Political Science Review. Special issue: http://dmmsclick.wiley.com/view.asp?m=0jcva5g0090vlet42smd&u=19087420&f=h

Ghannam, Jeffrey 2011 Social Media in the Arab World: Leading up to the Uprisings of 2011 Center for International Media Assistance http://cima.ned.org/publications/social-media-arab-world-leading-uprisings-2011-0

Goldstone, Jack A. (2012) Cross-class Coalitions and the Making of the Arab Revolts of 2011. Swiss Political Science Review. Special issue: http://dmmsclick.wiley.com/view.asp?m=0jcva5g0090vlet42smd&u=19087420&f=h

Goodwin, Jeff. (2012) Why We Were Surprised (Again) by the Arab Spring. Swiss Political Science Review. Special issue: http://dmmsclick.wiley.com/view.asp?m=0jcva5g0090vlet42smd&u=19087420&f=h

Howard, P. 2010 [Book] The Digital Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy: Information Technology and Political Islam Oxford University Press, 2010 http://faculty.washington.edu/pnhoward/publishing/internetislam/internetislam.html

Howard, Philip N. Aiden Duffy, Deen Freelon, Muzammil Hussain, Will Mari, and Marwa Mazaid 2011 Opening Closed Regimes: What Was the Role of Social Media During the Arab Spring? Project on Information Technology & Political Islam (pITPI) http://pitpi.org/index.php/2011/09/11/opening-closed-regimes-what-was-the-role-of-social-media-during-the-arab-spring/

International Journal of Communication (Vol. 5), http://ijoc.org/ojs/index.php/ijoc

Iqbal, Zubair 2011 Are Democratic Revolts Contagious? Implications for the Arab World Middle East Institute http://www.mei.edu/content/are-democratic-revolts-contagious-implications-arab-world

Kabir, Nahid Afrose 2011 Egypt's Arab Spring: will the flowers blossom? University of South Australia International Centre for Muslim and non-Muslim Understanding http://www.unisa.edu.au/muslim-understanding/documents/kabir-egypts-arab-spring.pdf

Khamis, Dr. Sahar and Katherine Vaughn 2011 Cyberactivism in the Egyptian Revolution: How Civic Engagement and Citizen Journalism Tilted the Balance Published in Issue 13 of Arab Media and Society (Formerly TBS Journal), Summer 2011 http://www.arabmediasociety.com/?article=769

Khondker, Habibul Haque 2011 Role of the New Media in the Arab Spring Globalizations (published by Global Studies Association of North America), Volume 8, Issue 5, 2011 (available via Taylor & Francis Online) http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14747731.2011.621287

Laipson, Ellen (project director); Courtney C. Radsch (author) 2011 Blogosphere and Social Media (pp. 67-81) Seismic Shift: Understanding Change in the Middle East http://www.stimson.org/images/uploads/research-pdfs/Blogosphere_and_Social_Media.pdf

Lotan, Gilad et al. 2011. “The revolutions were tweeted.” International Journal of Communications 5: 1375-1405.

Lotan, Gilad, Erhardt Graeff, Mike Ananny, Devin Gaffney, Ian Pearce, danah boyd 2011 The Revolutions Were Tweeted: Information Flows During the 2011 Tunisian and Egyptian Revolutions International Journal of Communication http://ijoc.org/ojs/index.php/ijoc/article/view/1246

Lynch, Marc 2011 After Egypt: The Limits and Promise of Online Challenges to the Authoritarian Arab State Perspectives on Politics (2011), 9 : pp 301-310 http://www.marclynch.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/download-Lynch-article.pdf

Lynch, Marc 2007 Blogging the New Arab Public Arab Media and Society (February 2007) http://www.arabmediasociety.com/articles/downloads/20070312155027_AMS1_Marc_Lynch.pdf

Lysenkoa, Volodymyr V. Kevin C. Desouzab 2012 Moldova's internet revolution: Analyzing the role of technologies in various phases of the confrontation Technological Forecasting and Social Change, via Science Direct http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040162511001223

Malcolm Gladwell’s blog post on The New Yorker website, “Does Egypt Need Twitter?” www.newyorker.com (accessed November 11, 2011).

Murphy, Emma C. 2009 Theorizing ICTs in the Arab World: Informational Capitalism and the Public Sphere International Studies Quarterly 53, p. 1131-1153 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-2478.2009.00571.x/pdf

Musleh, Abeer 2012 Mobilizing during the Arab Revolutions: Palestinian Youth Speak for Themseleves. In Tejerina, B. and I. Perugorría (Eds.) From Social to Political. New Forms of Mobilization and Democratization, Bilbao: Servicio Editorial de la Universidad del País Vasco. Email: abmusleh@gmail.com

Nanabhay, Mohamed and Roxane Farmanfarmaian 2011 From spectacle to spectacular: How physical space, social media and mainstream broadcast amplified the public sphere in Egypt's ‘Revolution’ The Journal of North African Studies http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13629387.2011.639562

Nepstad, Sharon Erickson (2012) Nonviolent Resistance in the Arab Spring: The Critical Role of Military-Opposition Alliances. Swiss Political Science Review. Special issue:http://dmmsclick.wiley.com/view.asp?m=0jcva5g0090vlet42smd&u=19087420&f=h

Networks and Internet into Perspective" Swiss Political Science Review 17(4): 469–47 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1662-6370.2011.02040.x/pdf

Schneider, Cathy Lisa (2012) Violence and State Repression.Swiss Political Science Review. Special issue: http://dmmsclick.wiley.com/view.asp?m=0jcva5g0090vlet42smd&u=19087420&f=h

Skinner, Julia 2011 Social Media and Revolution: The Arab Spring and the Occupy Movement as Seen through Three Information Studies Paradigms Sprouts Working Papers on Information Systems http://sprouts.aisnet.org/11-169/

Stephan, Maria J. 2011 Revolution and Political Transformation in the Middle East: Outcomes and Prospects, Volume 3 Middle East Institute http://www.mei.edu/content/introduction-revolution-and-political-transformation-middle-east-outcomes-and-prospects-vol

Tufekci, Zaynep. 2011. “Too many messages and only one Facebook page.” Technosociology. Blog posted on September 19, 2011. http://technosociology.org, accessed November 11, 2011.

Tufekci, Zaynep. 2011. “New media and the people-powered uprisings.” Technology Review. Blog posted on August 30, 2011. www.technologyreview.com/blog/guest/27122/, accessed November 11, 2011.

Tufekci, Zeynep 2011 New Media and the People-Powered Uprisings MIT Technology Review http://www.technologyreview.com/blog/guest/27122/

Tufekci, Zeynep N/A; publication forthcoming The New Media Ecology and the Dynamics of Collective Action and Repression Under Autocracies Draft provided to Berkman Center team; publication forthcoming in Journal of Communication N/A; draft provided to Berkman Center team; please see Berkman webcast 'From Tehran to Tahrir: Social Media and Dynamics of Collective Action under Authoritarian Regimes,' available at http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/events/luncheon/2011/09/tufekci

Tufekci, Zeynep (2011) Video presentation http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/people/zeynep & http://technosociology.org/ Keywords/themes: Collective action and technology Focus cases: Arab Spring (Egypt) Related work: Video presentation: From Tehran to Tahrir: Social Media and Dynamics of Collective Action under Authoritarian Regimes http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/events/luncheon/2011/09/tufekci

Wilson, Christopher and Alexandra Dunn. 2011a. “Digital media in the Egyptian revolution.” International Journal of Communication 5: 1248-1272.

Wilson, Christopher, Alexandra Dunn 2011 Digital Media in the Egyptian Revolution: Descriptive Analysis from the Tahrir Data Set International Journal of Communication http://ijoc.org/ojs/index.php/ijoc/article/view/1180

Zunes, Stephen 2011 Revolution and Political Transformation in the Middle East: Agents of Change, Volume 1 Middle East Institute http://www.mei.edu/content/revolution-and-political-transformation-middle-east-agents-change

Zunes, Stephen 2011 Revolution and Political Transformation in the Middle East: Government Action and Response, Volume 2 Middle East Institute http://www.mei.edu/content/introduction-revolution-and-political-transformation-middle-east-government-action-and

BLOG POSTS ARAB CASES:

Carvin, Andy 2011 Online Reports Detail Chaos, Deaths in Tunisia; Add Yours NPR.org Jan 13 http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2011/01/13/132888992/tunisia-protests-social-media

Eltahawy, Mona 2010 Facebook, Youtube, and Twitter are The New Tools of Protest in the Arab World Washington Post, August 7 2010 http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/08/06/AR2010080605094.html

Gallagher, Ian 2011 Egyptian police use Facebook and Twitter to track down protesters' names before 'rounding them up' Daily Mail London 2011 http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1354096/Egypt-protests-Police-use-Facebook-Twitter-track-protesters.html

Greenberg, Andy 2011 As Egyptians Reconnect, Their Government Will Be Watching Forbes.com 2011 http://www.forbes.com/sites/andygreenberg/2011/02/04/as-egyptians-reconnect-their-government-will-be-watching/

Hirschkind, Charles 2011 The Road to Tahrir Social Science Research Council http://blogs.ssrc.org/tif/2011/02/09/the-road-to-tahrir/

Levinson, Charles and Margaret Croker 2011 The Secret Rally That Sparked an Uprising Wall Street Journal Feb 2011 http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704132204576135882356532702.html

Masoud, Tarek 2011 An Exit Plan for Mubarak New York Times http://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/04/opinion/04masoud.html

Masoud, Tarek 2011 U.S. must back democracy in Egypt regardless Los Angeles Times http://articles.latimes.com/2011/feb/09/opinion/la-oe-masoud-egypt-20110209

May, Michelle 2011 How the Egyptian Revolution Inspired Protests in Spain PBS Media Shift: Social Networking http://www.pbs.org/mediashift/2011/06/how-the-egyptian-revolution-inspired-protests-in-spain161.html

Mccormick, Ty 2011 The Road to Tahrir (Foreign Policy) Foreign Policy August 18 2011 http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/08/18/the_road_to_tahrir

Mostak, Todd 2011 Tarek Masoud discusses the dynamics of Egypt's Revolution Harvard University Center for Middle Eastern Studies http://cmes.hmdc.harvard.edu/node/2427

N/A; Gulf Stream Blog 2011 Tunisia's Wikileaks Revolution? Harvard Kennedy School Belfer Center Gulfstream: Analysis from the Dubai Initative http://middleeastinthenews.wordpress.com/2011/01/15/tunisias-wikileaks-revolution/

N/A; Gulf Stream Blog 2011 When the People Rise Up: Egypt's Massive Protests and Their Unpredictable Outcomes Harvard Kennedy School Belfer Center Gulfstream: Analysis from the Dubai Initative http://middleeastinthenews.wordpress.com/2011/01/25/when-the-people-rise-up-egyptian-massive-protests-and-the-unpredictable-outcomes/

N/A; Gulf Stream Blog 2011 When the People Rise Up: When the People Rise Up: Lessons from Tunisia Harvard Kennedy School Belfer Center Gulfstream: Analysis from the Dubai Initative http://middleeastinthenews.wordpress.com/2011/01/25/when-the-people-rise-up-lessons-from-tunisia/

Spanish "Indignatos"/15M

Fuster Morell, M (2011) Video presentation: The Spanish Revolution & the Internet: From free culture to meta-politics http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/events/luncheon/2011/11/morell

Fuster Morell, M. & Subirats, J. (2012). Més enllà d'Internet com a eina "martell” - eina de la vella política: Cap un nou Policy Making?. Els casos del Moviment de Cultura Lliure i pel Procomú Digital i el 15M a Catalunya (Beyond the Internet as a tool "hammer" - tool of the old politics: Towards a New Policy Making?. Cases the Free Culture Movement and the digital commons and 15M in Catalonia). Research report. Institute de Govern i Politiques Publiques (UAB) per l'Escola d'Administracio Publica de Catalunya. (139 pages)

Postill, John. n.d. “Democracy in an age of viral reality,” unpublished manuscript submitted to special edition of Ethnography “Media Ethnography and Public Sphere Engagement,” edited by Debra Vidali and Thomas Tufte.

Taibo, Carlos. 2011. El 15-M en sesenta preguntas. Madrid: Los libros de la Catarata.

Toret, Javier (2011) Una mirada tecnopolítica sobre los primeros días del #15M .http://civilsc.net/node/14

Jornadas Seminario de “Comunicación y Sociedad Civil” de la UOC-IN3: http://civilsc.net/

Purmar, Victor (2012) Los indignados cumplen un año. El éxito tangible del 15M http://www.unitedexplanations.org/2012/03/21/los-indignados-cumplen-un-ano-el-exito-tangible-del-15m/

Occupy Wall Street

American Ethnologist's (AE) May 2012 issue (Volume 39, Issue 2) features three open-access articles on the Occupy movements (by Jeffrey Juris, Maple Razsa/Andrej Kurnik, and David Nugent). ***Photos, abstracts, and direct links to the articles are available on AE's website: http://www.americanethnologist.org Click on the Occupy article titles and you will be taken to the abstracts (and accompanying photos), and at the end of the abstracts you will find live open access links to the full article PDFs in the Wiley-Online Library. 1) Maple Razsa and Andrej Kurnik, "The Occupy Movement in Žižek’s hometown: Direct democracy and a politics of becoming". 2) Jeffrey S. Juris, "Reflections on #Occupy Everywhere: Social media, public space, and emerging logics of aggregation". 3) David Nugent, "Commentary: Democracy, temporalities of capitalism, and dilemmas of inclusion in Occupy movements"

Adbusters call to occupy wall street: www.adbusters.org/blogs/adbusters-blog/occupywallstreet.html (accessed October 24, 2011).

Costanza-Chock, Sasha (2012) Video presentation Media Culture in the Occupy Movement: http://vimeo.com/groups/occupyvideo/videos/37833652

Collins, Joan. 2012. "Theorizing Wisconsin's 2011 Protests." American Ethnologist 39(1): 1-15.

Collins, Randall. 2001. “Social movements and the focus of emotional attention.” In Passionate Politics, edited by Jeff Goodwin, James M. Jasper and Francesca Polletta, 27–44. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.

Hector R. Cordero-Guzman, "Main Stream Support for a Mainstream Movement, The 99% Movement Comes From and Looks Like the 99%, Profile of web traffic taken from occupywallstreet.org," October 19, 2011, http://occupywallst.org (accessed January 4, 2011).

Graeber, David. 2011. "On Playing By the Rules—The Strange Success of #OccupyWallStreet,"http://www.nakedcapitalism.com (accessed January 4, 2012).

Hardt, Michael and Antonio Negro. 2011. "The Fight for 'Real Democracy' at the Heart of Occupy Wall Street." - (October 11), www.foreignaffairs.com (accessed January 5, 2012).

Milan, Stefania. 2011. “Cloud protesting.” Blog posted on October 18, 2011. http://stefi.engagetv.com/node/103, accessed November 11, 2011.

Gamson, Bill. (2012) Cultural Outcomes of the Occupy Movement. December 30, 2011 [with changes added: January 2, 2012]

Rinke, Einke M. and Maria Röder. 2011. “Media ecologies, communication culture, and temporal-spatial unfolding.” International Journal of Communication 5: 1273-1285.

Costanza-Chock, Sasha 2010 [Dissertation] Se Ve, Se Siente: Transmedia Mobilization in the Los Angeles Immigrant Rights Movement USC Annenberg School of Communication 2010 Completed Dissertions http://annenberg.usc.edu/Research/Student/Dissertations/Completed10/Costanza-ChockS.aspx

Schradie, Jen. 2011. "Why Tents (Still) Matter for the Occupy Movement," www.commondreams.org (January 4, 2012).

Suresh, Fernando Occupy Vancouver Organizer on Dec 27, 2011Occupy My Soul by http://thenextedge.org/2011/12/occupy-my-soul/

Ruggero, E, Colin (2011). "Spirit of ’76: Occupy Philadelphia, Voicelessness, and the Challenge of Growing the Occupy Wall Street Movement" Deliberately Considered, November 2011. Blog post: [1]

Gamson, Bill. (2012) Boston College Cultural Outcomes of the Occupy Movement. December 30, 2011 [with changes added: January 2, 2012]

Blogs on OWS:

Meyer David's Blog: http://politicsoutdoors.com/tag/occupy/ and http://politicsoutdoors.com/tag/occupy-wall-street/;

The Center for the Study of Social Movements at the University of Notre Dame <http://cssm.nd.edu/>: http://mobilizingideas.wordpress.com/tag/occupy-movement/;

Foreign Affairs articles on OWS: http://www.foreignaffairs.com/node/133733.

Russia

By John Kelly, Vladimir Barash, Karina Alexanyan, Bruce Etling, Robert Faris, Urs Gasser, and John Palfrey “Mapping Russian Twitter” <http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/publications/2012/mapping_russian_twitter>

Comparison of several cases

Ancelovici, Marcos (2012) “Le mouvement Occupy et la question des inégalités: Ce que le slogan ‘Nous sommes les 99 %’ dit et ne dit pas.” In F. Dupuis-Déri, ed. Par dessus le marché! Rélexions critiques sur le capitalisme. Montreal: Écosociété. [2]

Rey, Pablo (2011) Gallery of different twitter-newspaper visualizations. http://numeroteca.org/cat/frontpage-newspaper/

Rey, Pablo (2011) Post: Analyzing newspapers’ front pages to interpret the Mainstream Media ecology. Researching the #15M, #Occupy movement and the Arab Spring. Interested in the relationship between Mainstream Media and social Media(Twitter): http://civic.mit.edu/blog/pablo/analyzing-newspapers-front-pages

Gamson, William A. (2012) Arab Spring, Israeli Summer, and the Process of Cognitive Liberation. Swiss Political Science Review. Special issue: http://dmmsclick.wiley.com/view.asp?m=0jcva5g0090vlet42smd&u=19087420&f=h

USA - SPAIN

Fuster Morell, M (2012) Blog post Report on OWS Forum on the commons: http://www.onlinecreation.info/?p=492

Theory

Aday, Sean, Harry Farrell, Marc Lynch, and John Sides 2010 Special Report: Advancing New Media Research United States Institute of Peace http://www.usip.org/publications/advancing-new-media-research

Aday, Sean, Harry Farrell, Marc Lynch, John Sides, John Kelly, & Ethan Zuckerman 2010 Blogs and Bullets: New Media in Contentious Politics United States Institute of Peace http://www.usip.org/publications/blogs-and-bullets-new-media-in-contentious-politics

Bajpai, Kartikeya and Anuj Jaiswal 2011 A Framework for Analyzing Collective Action Events on Twitter Proceedings of the 8th International ISCRAM Conference--Lisbon, Portugal, May 2011 www.iscramlive.org/ISCRAM2011/proceedings/papers/119.pdf

Benkler, Yochai 2006 (hardcover publication) The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom (see especially Chapter 7, "Political Freedom Part 2: Emergence of the Networked Public Sphere" Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial Sharealike License http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/wealth_of_networks/Main_Page#Reviews_and_Blogs

Castells, Manuel 2009 Communication Power Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press Book reviews are available at: http://mcs.sagepub.com/content/32/6/1043.full.pdf+html?rss=1 (published in the journal Media Culture Society) or http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10584609.2010.517097 (published in the journal Political Communication)

Couldry, Nick, James Curran (eds.); W. Lance Bennett (author) 2003 Chapter 2: New Media Power: The Internet and Global Activism Contesting media power: alternative media in a networked world (book) http://depts.washington.edu/ccce/assets/documents/pdf/newmediapower.pdf

della Porta, Donatella Sidney Tarrow (eds). (2005) Transnational Protest and Global Activism, New York, Rowman and Littlefield.

della Porta, Donatella (ed.), 2009. Democracy in Social Movements, Houndsmill, Palgrave.

Diamond, Larry 2010 Liberation Technology Journal of Democracy 21(3):69-83 http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/journal_of_democracy/v021/21.3.diamond.html Earle, Lucy 2011 Literature Review on the Dynamics of Social Movements in Fragile and Conflict-Affected States Emerging Issues Research Service of the Governance and Social Development Resource Centre (GSDRC) www.gsdrc.org/docs/open/EIRS13.pdf

Edmond, Chris 2011 Information Manipulation, Coordination, and Regime Change The National Bureau of Economic Research http://www.nber.org/papers/w17395.pdf

Goldstone, Jack 2011 Understanding the Revolutions of 2011 Foreign Affairs http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/67694/jack-a-goldstone/understanding-the-revolutions-of-2011

Goldstone, Jack Ted Robert Gurr and Farrokh Moshiri, eds. 1991 [Book] Revolutions of the Late Twentieth Century Boulder: Westview Press, 1991 No eBook available

González-Bailón, "Sandra , Javier Borge-Holthoefer, Alejandro Rivero & Yamir Moreno" 2011 The Dynamics of Protest Recruitment through an Online Network Scientific Reports 1, Article number: 197, December 2011 http://www.nature.com/srep/2011/111215/srep00197/full/srep00197.html

Huntington, Samuel P. 1991 [Book] The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1991 No eBook available

McAdam, D., Sidney Tarrow and Charles Tilly 2001 Dynamics of Contention New York, Cambridge University Press, 2001 http://site.ebrary.com.library.aucegypt.edu:2048/lib/aucairo/docDetail.action?docID=10005733

Meier, Patrick 2011 Chapter 2: From Evidence to Model in Do "Liberation Technologies" Change the Balance of Power Between Repressive Regimes and Civil Society? DRAFT DRAFT of Stanford University thesis http://irevolution.files.wordpress.com/2011/11/meier-dissertation-final.pdf

Mourtada, R. and Fadi Salem (2011) Produced by DSG’s Governance and Innovation Program and co-authored by Racha Mourtada and Fadi Salem 2011 Facebook Usage: Factors and Analysis Dubai School of Government, Arab Social Media Report, Vol. 1, Issue 1, Jan. 2011 http://www.dsg.ae/NEWSANDEVENTS/UpcomingEvents/ASMRHome.aspx

Mourtada, R. and Fadi Salem Produced by DSG’s Governance and Innovation Program and co-authored by Racha Mourtada and Fadi Salem 2011 Civil Movements: The Impact of Facebook and Twitter Dubai School of Government, Arab Social Media Report, Vol. 1, Issue 2, May 2011 http://www.dsg.ae/NEWSANDEVENTS/UpcomingEvents/ASMROverview2.aspx

Neumayer, Christina and Celina Raffl 2008 Facebook for Global Protest: The Potential and Limits of Social Software for Grassroots Activism Prato CIRN 2008 Community Infomatics Conference: ICTs for Social Inclusion: What is the Reality? Refereed Paper http://pep-forums.990086.n3.nabble.com/file/n2539001/2008-Neumayer-Raffl-Facebook_protest_FARC.pdf

Rhue, Lauren, Arun Sundararajan 2011 Digital Access, Political Networks and the Diffusion of Democracy SSRN, NYU Working Paper No. CEDER-11-03 http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1892669

Rinke, Eike M. and Maria Röder 2011 Media Ecologies, Communication Culture, and Temporal-Spatial Unfolding: Three Components in a Communication Model of the Egyptian Regime Change International Journal of Communication http://mkw.uni-mannheim.de/prof_dr_hartmut_wessler/eike_rinke/rinke_roeder/rinke_roeder.pdf

Robert Gurr, Ted 1970 Why Men Rebel Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1970 No eBook available

Ruth Kricheli, Yair Livne, and Beatriz Magaloni 2011 Taking to the Streets: Theory and Evidence on Protests under Authoritarianism Stanford University's Center on Development, Democracy, and the Rule of Law (CDDRL), Program on Poverty and Governance Project http://cddrl.stanford.edu/publications/taking_to_the_streets_theory_and_evidence_on_protests_under_authoritarianism/

Senger, Dustin (with Dr. Cynthia Suopis) 2010 Can Social Media Spread Democracy? A Review of Literature dustinsenger.com www.dustinsenger.com/publications/report/Social_Media_Democracy.pdf

Shehata, Dina 2011 The Fall of the Pharaoh Foreign Affairs http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/67687/dina-shehata/the-fall-of-the-pharaoh

Shirky, Clay 2008 Here comes everybody: the power of organizing without organizations New York, Penguin, 2008 http://books.google.com/books/about/Here_comes_everybody.html?id=mafZyckH_bAC

Spier, Shaked 2011 CollectiveAction 2.0: The Impact of ICT-Based Social Media on Collective Action – Difference in Degree or Difference in Kind? Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/master/spier-shaked-2011-08-15/PDF/spier.pdf

Zimbra, A. Abbasi, and H. Chen 2010 A Cyber-archaeology Approach to Social Movement Research: Framework and Case Study Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2010.01531.x/abstract


Blog posts theory:

Esfandiari, Golnaz 2010 The Twitter Devolution Foreign Policy June 7 2010 http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2010/06/07/the_twitter_revolution_that_wasnt

Gladwell, Malcolm and Clay Shirky 2011 From Innovation to Revolution: Do Social Media Make Protests Possible? Foreign Affairs http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/67325/malcolm-gladwell-and-clay-shirky/from-innovation-to-revolution

Shirky, Clay 2011 The Political Power of Social Media: Technology, the Public Sphere, and Political Change Foreign Affairs http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/67038/clay-shirky/the-political-power-of-social-media

Others

Bauwens, Michel 'Occupy' as a business model: The emerging open-source civilisation. The Occupy Wall Street movement is a model for a new economic paradigm, in which value is first created by communities. http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2012/03/2012361233474499.html

Observatorio Metropolitano (Octubre 2011). Crisis y revolucion en Europa. Traficantes de suenyos: Madrid. (Spanish) http://traficantes.net/index.php/editorial/catalogo/otras/Crisis-y-revolucion-en-Europa This analysis by Observatorio Metropolitano (October 2011) links the social mobilizaions from northern Africa and Europe.

Occupy research resources:

Chinese Government Reaction to OWS by newmediadev2011 http://newmediadev2011.wikischolars.columbia.edu/Chinese+Government+Reaction+to+OWS

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