Chapter 2, section 4

hip hop collection pavimento liquido auto noleggio saronno nvidia leadtek opel corsa 1994 nec n341i devour - il gioco di satana microfoni condensatore hott celebrita the jack bull spagna mappa bad boys psp affari finanza omologazioni impianti autotrazione m 50 gagliardi peppino solo tu eros ramazzotti xxxporno honda hr-v hd foto motorola c450 usb driver cachorros rubrica costantino e alessandra dior addict di christian - eau de parfum vedere film porno topo gigio - natale baci abbracci donna chicas locas xpeople org sublime directory crime mon temi svolti pena morte rift valley gtr acer hard disk 2 5 alien quadrilogia barbie com toner ir 1600 risultati live muscolo arredamenti frigoriferi side by inox deep purple live in concert 72 73 zahl, peter paul note book jeep yj fotoannunci ragazze a pagamento duplicazione cd dvd eddie guerrero mp3 pioneer ns f10 l war parete attrezzata arte povera dj bob halle berry end of evangelion fiat punto napoli riduttore wc schermo per videoproiettori accessori web marketing tools ram pc133 notebook www evenimentulzilei ro melodie napoletane ordine architetti vicenza michael learns to rock www joux it panocha icona computer ragazzi drop out hp 1320 lan papier biy boy modem bluethoot trust neverjetna si galleria video casalinghe sms tenero lavoro montichiari nikon coolpix 995 usb 2 0 digital photo bank condizionatori samsung dual ancora vita warez mp3 ariagel eco amsterdarm verdetto finale bandi di concorso esercito per polizia d appartamento vacanza lampedusa korosten gioco erotico online gunter gabriel facolta di scienze motorie di cassino scuola risultati prove dissipatore socket 462 smart creamstyle vaser provincia di udine panasonic televisori olidata it ombre chiare mhr team mmc per nokia 6630 fabri fibra mp3 braun 8985 dvd hdmi yamaha la cassa sbagliata e natale ma io non ci sto dentro udine manifestazioni il teatro greco quick time for windows dual income tax boys gay porn vacanza affitto como gloria gloria alleluia spartiti per pianoforte di tiziano ferro iomega rev 35gb 90gb atapi internal raffaella carra felicita ta ta ordinanza 3274 del 20 03 2003 henry, o. sinead oconnor. goodnight, thank you, youve been a lovely audience wisconsin (fiume) buble troubles ati x800xt la mano lunga del padrino modem linux gutter brothers chat gratuita con google bred peet godo e sudo danna garsia il ribelle dello spazio attrezzatura sportiva articolo sportivo tastiera mouse wireless pc mac hp media center 2005 lettori dvd majestic giocattolo vecchio otto facce di bronzo sertaneja passo di brizio 8 codici tre amstrad dvx lettori dvd smells like tenn spirit zoccoli the up in smoke tour rag against the machine faak it eyes of laura mars soundfonts bipielle the point man handel suite n11 scienza doppia h siamo tre smoke gets in you eyes yamaha - rx-v657 nokia 200 www assistente tecnico it brenda exporto www xplus tv amplificatori classe a palmare gprs gsm erreway mi vida pac 600 cs www tigre it www intimissimi la stoffa del campione rally italia mondiale toscana agriturismo beauty center elettrostimolatore amplificatore 5 ville e giardini sigla triple h wrestling nissan micra 1.3 16v www fuorissimo com test canzone curtains fall diablo 2 trade hack puritania volvo s60 d5 kinetic silbermond il caso difficile del commissario maigret monsignore nokia bl-5c 850 f lemon juice what u get is what u c pmp in nome del padre olympus c-400 tommy hol ellingsen akg k-501 il lancio del pinguin 4 tu pirata oakley straight five for fighting something about you siti erotici viaggi india the smashing pumkins sanlisoy i could be the one iar siltal congelatori cucinare con la pentola apressione concerto della bandabardo campari sapo pt gigi finizio ti cerchero

John Stuart Mill, On Liberty |Table of Contents | Chapter 2: Summary Discuss Strong Exclusive Rights in the Digital Environment Chapter 2 Some Basic Economics of Information Production and Innovation, section 4: Strong Exclusive Rights in the Digital Environment Introduction Chapter 2 The Diversity of Strategies in our Current Information Production System Chapter 2, section 1 The Effects of Exclusive Rights Chapter 2, section 2 When Information Production Meets the Computer Network Chapter 2, section 3 Strong Exclusive Rights in the Digital Environment We now have the basic elements of a clash between incumbent institutions and emerging social practice. Technologies of information and cultural production initially led to the increasing salience of commercial, industrial-model production in these areas. Over the course of the twentieth century, in some of the most culturally visible industries like movies and music, copyright law coevolved with the industrial model. By the end of the twentieth century, copyright was longer, broader, and vastly more encompassing than it had been at the beginning of that century. Other exclusive rights in information, culture, and the fruits of innovation expanded following a similar logic. Strong, broad, exclusive rights like these have predictable effects. They preferentially improve the returns to business models that rely on exclusive rights, like copyrights and patents, at the expense of information and cultural production outside the market or in market relationships that do not depend on exclusive appropriation. They make it more lucrative to consolidate inventories of existing materials. The businesses that developed around the material capital required for production fed back into the political system, which responded by serially optimizing the institutional ecology to fit the needs of the industrial information economy firms at the expense of other information producers. The networked information economy has upset the apple cart on the technical, material cost side of information production and exchange. The institutional ecology, the political framework (the lobbyists, the habits of legislatures), and the legal culture (the beliefs of judges, the practices of lawyers) have not changed. They are as they developed over the course of the twentieth century - centered on optimizing the conditions of those commercial firms that thrive in the presence of strong exclusive rights in information and culture. The outcome of the conflict between the industrial information economy and its emerging networked alternative will determine whether we evolve into a permission culture, as Lessig warns and projects, or into a society marked by social practice of nonmarket production and cooperative sharing of information, knowledge, and culture of the type I describe throughout this book, and which I argue will improve freedom and justice in liberal societies. Chapter 11 chronicles many of the arenas in which this basic conflict is played out. However, for the remainder of this part and part II, the basic economic understanding I offer here is all that is necessary. There are diverse motivations and strategies for organizing information production. Their relative attractiveness is to some extent dependent on technology, to some extent on institutional arrangements. The rise that we see today in the efficacy and scope of nonmarket production, and of the peer production that I describe and analyze in the following two chapters, are well within the predictable, given our understanding of the economics of information production. The social practices of information production that form the basis of much of the normative analysis I offer in part II are internally sustainable given the material conditions of information production and exchange in the digitally networked environment. These patterns are unfamiliar to us. They grate on our intuitions about how production happens. They grate on the institutional arrangements we developed over the course of the twentieth century to regulate information and cultural production. But that is because they arise from a quite basically different set of material conditions. We must understand these new modes of production. We must learn to evaluate them and compare their advantages and disadvantages to those of the industrial information producers. And then we must adjust our institutional environment to make way for the new social practices made possible by the networked environment. John Stuart Mill, On Liberty |Table of Contents | Chapter 2: Summary Discuss Strong Exclusive Rights in the Digital Environment