3. Peer Production and Sharing: Difference between revisions

From Yochai Benkler - Wealth of Networks
Jump to navigation Jump to search
mNo edit summary
mNo edit summary
 
(8 intermediate revisions by 4 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
[http://ustall.org/web/lavastoviglie-larghezza.htm lavastoviglie larghezza 50] [http://kinunia.cn/dcrhc-sony.htm dcr-hc40 sony] [http://davte.info/library/html/fiat-scudo.htm fiat scudo jtd] [http://ustall.org/web/volo-abbiategrasso.htm volo abbiategrasso] [http://nobinters.org/nervio-trigemino.htm nervio trigemino] [http://nobinters.org/windows-mobile.htm windows mobile 2003 pocket pc gps] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/anziane-e/ anziane e ditalini] [http://chaba.info/panico-a/ panico a echo park] [http://chaba.info/irc-napolo/ irc napolo chat] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/telecomando-universale/ telecomando universale samsung] [http://nobinters.org/crack-aatools.htm crack aatools] [http://helmed.info/topic/cradle-acer/ cradle acer] [http://nobinters.org/alexandra-streap.htm alexandra streap poker] [http://nobinters.org/hely-.htm hely attac] [http://davte.info/library/html/duca-enrico.htm duca enrico] [http://chaba.info/visiondtv-sat/ visiondtv sat] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/american-graffiti.htm american graffiti 2] [http://helmed.info/topic/cd-musicali/ cd musicali renato zero] [http://helmed.info/topic/cinema-di/ cinema di avellino] [http://nobinters.org/thalia-nude.htm thalia nude] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/estados-unidos.htm estados unidos] [http://nobinters.org/i-ll.htm i ll fly with you tanzen remix] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/cuore-di.htm cuore di campione] [http://kinunia.cn/mehsana.htm mehsana] [http://ustall.org/web/msi.htm msi] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/stampante-laser.htm stampante laser hp colori] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/parodontopatie.htm parodontopatie] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/sterilizzatore-a/ sterilizzatore a vapore per biberon] [http://saibso.org/star-ocean.htm star ocean till the end of time] [http://nobinters.org/ety.htm ety] [http://saibso.org/lg-lcd.htm lg lcd 32 rz-32lz50] [http://davte.info/library/html/il-casco.htm il casco salva la vita] [http://nobinters.org/vino-falanghina.htm vino falanghina] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/www-cowlist/ www cowlist com] [http://ustall.org/web/bartolomeo-della.htm bartolomeo della gatta] [http://davte.info/library/html/clockwise.htm clockwise] [http://davte.info/library/html/britnei.htm britnei] [http://kinunia.cn/indesit-witl.htm indesit witl 86] [http://saibso.org/tose.htm tose] [http://helmed.info/topic/antenna-digitale/ antenna digitale] [http://nobinters.org/montale-il.htm montale il fascismo] [http://ustall.org/web/liceo-scientifico.htm liceo scientifico primo levi] [http://kinunia.cn/sindacato-del.htm sindacato del lavoro] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/lindalovelace/ lindalovelace] [http://helmed.info/topic/concessionario-audi/ concessionario audi milano] [http://ustall.org/web/storie-vere.htm storie vere] [http://ustall.org/web/xdpicture-card.htm xd-picture card 512 mb] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/install-institut.htm install institut] [http://nobinters.org/benni-satisfaction.htm benni satisfaction] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/rv-insurance.htm rv insurance] [http://chaba.info/crack-registry/ crack registry repair pro] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/serenata-amara/ serenata amara] [http://ashythro.info/library/html/bersaglio-eccellente/ bersaglio eccellente] [http://chaba.info/the-rock/ the rock protagonista di doom] [http://nobinters.org/citroen-c.htm citroen c4 hdi] [http://ustall.org/web/croacia.htm croacia] [http://ustall.org/web/brazil.htm brazil] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/meg-ryan/ meg ryan nuda] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/t-batteria.htm t10 batteria ericsson] [http://ustall.org/web/psone.htm psone] [http://ustall.org/web/salemme.htm salemme] [http://helmed.info/topic/mis-read/ mis read] [http://helmed.info/topic/maxtor-maxline/ maxtor maxline ii plus sata] [http://helmed.info/topic/canon-lbp/ canon lbp-5200 stampante laser lbp5200] [http://chaba.info/republica-del/ republica del peru] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/monitor-tft/ monitor tft nero] [http://saibso.org/queer-folk.htm queer folk] [http://helmed.info/topic/forno-a/ forno a micro onde samsung] [http://kinunia.cn/dvd-vergini.htm dvd vergini vendita] [http://ustall.org/web/via-margutta.htm via margutta] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/department-of/ department of public instruction in wi] [http://nobinters.org/pro-evolution.htm pro evolution soccer 4 scontato a fine mese] [http://saibso.org/comunita-di.htm comunita di farneta] [http://kinunia.cn/trivellazioni.htm trivellazioni] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/body-detoxification.htm body detoxification via an ionizing footbath] [http://ustall.org/web/mischka.htm mischka] [http://davte.info/library/html/galleria-immagini.htm galleria immagini] [http://helmed.info/topic/midi-canzoni/ midi canzoni napoletane] [http://nobinters.org/boogieman.htm boogieman] [http://kinunia.cn/pod.htm pod] [http://saibso.org/cd-zappa.htm cd zappa] [http://kinunia.cn/britney-spears.htm britney spears nude] [http://saibso.org/donne-bocchinare.htm donne bocchinare] [http://kinunia.cn/nike-air.htm nike air terra] [http://helmed.info/topic/gli-anni/ gli anni 96] [http://kinunia.cn/paperino-operazione.htm paperino operazione] [http://kinunia.cn/casio-exilim.htm casio exilim ex- z750] [http://davte.info/library/html/genero-suocera.htm genero suocera] [http://davte.info/library/html/la-cosa.htm la cosa da un altro mondo. special edition] [http://kinunia.cn/piedi-nudi.htm piedi nudi femminili] [http://helmed.info/topic/winap-ghost/ winap ghost] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/battagli-aerea/ battagli aerea] [http://helmed.info/topic/mortal-kombat/ mortal kombat trilogy] [http://davte.info/library/html/autocad-upgrade.htm autocad upgrade] [http://chaba.info/cp/ cp 45] [http://helmed.info/topic/lcd-samsung/ lcd samsung le 26r51b] [http://davte.info/library/html/il-trailer.htm il trailer e3 di final fantasy advent children] [http://chaba.info/proview-lcd/ proview lcd] [http://kinunia.cn/scanner-siemens.htm scanner siemens] [http://ashythro.info/library/html/lobo-torna/ lobo torna nei videogiochi] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/la-passione/ la passione org] [http://chaba.info/ssangyong-rexton/ ssangyong rexton] [http://ustall.org/web/these-words.htm these words natasha bedingfield] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/stampante-laser.htm stampante laser canon] [http://helmed.info/topic/espresso-polare/ espresso polare in arrivo] [http://davte.info/library/html/mondo-wrestling.htm mondo wrestling it] [http://kinunia.cn/sientelo-speedy.htm sientelo speedy feat lumidee] [http://ustall.org/web/peugeot-.htm peugeot 205 cabrio] [http://davte.info/library/html/mmc-.htm mmc 512 nokia 6630] [http://chaba.info/bubbles-trouble/ bubbles trouble 2] [http://nobinters.org/agriturismo-carrara.htm agriturismo carrara] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/maddalena-crippa.htm maddalena crippa] [http://davte.info/library/html/servizi-di.htm servizi di posizionamento sui motore di ricerca] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/concerto-di/ concerto di capodanno a vienna 2001] [http://helmed.info/topic/trucchi-gta/ trucchi gta san andres ps2] [http://chaba.info/claudia-de/ claudia de falco] [http://ustall.org/web/la-tasha.htm la tasha marzolla] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/inni-e/ inni e marce] [http://saibso.org/mercedes-classe.htm mercedes classe a istruzione uso it] [http://davte.info/library/html/jamo-dvr.htm jamo dvr 50] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/http-www.htm http www virgillio com] [http://helmed.info/topic/accessori-nikon/ accessori nikon caricabatteria] [http://chaba.info/www-bramkasms/ www bramkasms pl] [http://nobinters.org/sims-cuccioli.htm sims cuccioli che passione pc] [http://kinunia.cn/film-dvd.htm film dvd cristian de sica] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/videogiochi/ videogiochi] [http://ustall.org/web/dibi.htm dibi] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/porsche-/ porsche 996 4s nero] [http://helmed.info/topic/appartamento-vacanza/ appartamento vacanza ferrara] [http://helmed.info/topic/panasonic-hz/ panasonic 100hz] [http://chaba.info/vasco-rossi/ vasco rossi copertine] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/disegni-di.htm disegni di dei] [http://nobinters.org/creative-zen.htm creative zen micro 6gb bianco] [http://chaba.info/cartoline-net/ cartoline net] [http://davte.info/library/html/waddenzee.htm waddenzee] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/seat-arosa.htm seat arosa 1998] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/smashing.htm smashing] [http://davte.info/library/html/caterina-sylos.htm caterina sylos labini] [http://helmed.info/topic/calcio-lotto/ calcio lotto] [http://kinunia.cn/abit-ai.htm abit ai7] [http://nobinters.org/jak-e.htm jak e daxter ps2] [http://davte.info/library/html/diddlemania.htm diddlemania] [http://ustall.org/web/ricevitore-stereo.htm ricevitore stereo bluetooth] [http://ustall.org/web/navigatore-satellitare.htm navigatore satellitare palmare tomtom] [http://ustall.org/web/nelson-tavarez.htm nelson tavarez] [http://nobinters.org/tvc-lcd.htm tvc lcd 17] [http://nobinters.org/xdpicture-card.htm xd-picture card 512mb] [http://chaba.info/qualcosa-che/ qualcosa che scotta] [http://helmed.info/topic/dinh-ding/ dinh ding dong] [http://kinunia.cn/nx-pro.htm nx pro] [http://nobinters.org/nuove-immagini.htm nuove immagini da tekken 5] [http://chaba.info/isola-d/ isola d elba camping] [http://chaba.info/stampanti-laser/ stampanti laser canon] [http://saibso.org/lga-socket.htm lga775 socket] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/inserzion/ inserzion] [http://davte.info/library/html/sennheiser-hd.htm sennheiser hd 212] [http://ustall.org/web/stampante-brother.htm stampante brother multifunzione mfc] [http://saibso.org/britney-vs.htm britney vs bob] [http://kinunia.cn/nikon-speedlight.htm nikon speedlight sb-800] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/fighe-delle/ fighe delle persone famose] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/ingravida/ ingravida] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/walthamstow.htm walthamstow] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/offerta-hotel/ offerta hotel chicago] [http://nobinters.org/trust-bluetooth.htm trust bluetooth mini mouse] [http://chaba.info/o-quatrilho/ o quatrilho] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/baso/ baso-] [http://helmed.info/topic/buoni-o/ buoni o cattivi remix] [http://saibso.org/maturita-.htm maturita 2004 italiano svolti] [http://helmed.info/topic/macchine-per/ macchine per microfusione] [http://ashythro.info/library/html/roman-polanski/ roman polanski box set] [http://saibso.org/voice.htm voice] [http://nobinters.org/capitan-harlock.htm capitan harlock. box set] [http://helmed.info/topic/auto-tvdvd/ auto tv-dvd] [http://saibso.org/hir-aj.htm hir aj cam hir ai go] [http://ashythro.info/library/html/zinco-ossido/ zinco ossido] [http://ustall.org/web/ivan-segreti.htm ivan segreti] [http://nobinters.org/luca-barbareschi.htm luca barbareschi] [http://nobinters.org/puglia-it.htm puglia it] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/sluchaczy.htm sluchaczy] [http://kinunia.cn/she-drives.htm she drives me crazy] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/pico-telecom.htm pico telecom] [http://nobinters.org/a.htm a75] [http://ustall.org/web/la-figlia.htm la figlia della madonna] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/mensajes-movistar/ mensajes movistar] [http://saibso.org/vallata.htm vallata] [http://helmed.info/topic/dosminutos/ dosminutos] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/cmt-a/ cmt a50] [http://chaba.info/terratec-cinergy/ terratec cinergy 2] [http://ustall.org/web/max-pane.htm max pane] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/occhiali-da.htm occhiali da sole byblos] [http://kinunia.cn/trasmettitore-segnale.htm trasmettitore segnale telecomando] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/http-tunnel.htm http tunnel crack] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/charlize.htm charlize] [http://kinunia.cn/buon-compleanno.htm buon compleanno biglietto d augurio] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/abito-di/ abito di carnevale] [http://nobinters.org/eu-fico.htm eu fico] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/dir-en/ dir en grey] [http://kinunia.cn/philips-mini.htm philips mini hi fi] [http://chaba.info/verifiche-impianti/ verifiche impianti termici bari] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/bow-wow.htm bow wow ft jojo] [http://ustall.org/web/lavastoviglie-larghezza.htm lavastoviglie larghezza 50] [http://kinunia.cn/dcrhc-sony.htm dcr-hc40 sony] [http://davte.info/library/html/fiat-scudo.htm fiat scudo jtd] [http://ustall.org/web/volo-abbiategrasso.htm volo abbiategrasso] [http://nobinters.org/nervio-trigemino.htm nervio trigemino] [http://nobinters.org/windows-mobile.htm windows mobile 2003 pocket pc gps] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/anziane-e/ anziane e ditalini] [http://chaba.info/panico-a/ panico a echo park] [http://chaba.info/irc-napolo/ irc napolo chat] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/telecomando-universale/ telecomando universale samsung] [http://nobinters.org/crack-aatools.htm crack aatools] [http://helmed.info/topic/cradle-acer/ cradle acer] [http://nobinters.org/alexandra-streap.htm alexandra streap poker] [http://nobinters.org/hely-.htm hely  attac] [http://davte.info/library/html/duca-enrico.htm duca enrico] [http://chaba.info/visiondtv-sat/ visiondtv sat] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/american-graffiti.htm american graffiti 2] [http://helmed.info/topic/cd-musicali/ cd musicali renato zero] [http://helmed.info/topic/cinema-di/ cinema di avellino] [http://nobinters.org/thalia-nude.htm thalia nude] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/estados-unidos.htm estados unidos] [http://nobinters.org/i-ll.htm i ll fly with you tanzen remix] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/cuore-di.htm cuore di campione] [http://kinunia.cn/mehsana.htm mehsana] [http://ustall.org/web/msi.htm msi] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/stampante-laser.htm stampante laser hp colori] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/parodontopatie.htm parodontopatie] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/sterilizzatore-a/ sterilizzatore a vapore per biberon] [http://saibso.org/star-ocean.htm star ocean till the end of time] [http://nobinters.org/ety.htm ety] [http://saibso.org/lg-lcd.htm lg lcd 32 rz-32lz50] [http://davte.info/library/html/il-casco.htm il casco salva la vita] [http://nobinters.org/vino-falanghina.htm vino falanghina] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/www-cowlist/ www cowlist com] [http://ustall.org/web/bartolomeo-della.htm bartolomeo della gatta] [http://davte.info/library/html/clockwise.htm clockwise] [http://davte.info/library/html/britnei.htm britnei] [http://kinunia.cn/indesit-witl.htm indesit witl 86] [http://saibso.org/tose.htm tose] [http://helmed.info/topic/antenna-digitale/ antenna digitale] [http://nobinters.org/montale-il.htm montale il fascismo] [http://ustall.org/web/liceo-scientifico.htm liceo scientifico primo levi] [http://kinunia.cn/sindacato-del.htm sindacato del lavoro] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/lindalovelace/ lindalovelace] [http://helmed.info/topic/concessionario-audi/ concessionario audi milano] [http://ustall.org/web/storie-vere.htm storie vere] [http://ustall.org/web/xdpicture-card.htm xd-picture card 512 mb] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/install-institut.htm install institut] [http://nobinters.org/benni-satisfaction.htm benni satisfaction] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/rv-insurance.htm rv insurance] [http://chaba.info/crack-registry/ crack registry repair pro] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/serenata-amara/ serenata amara] [http://ashythro.info/library/html/bersaglio-eccellente/ bersaglio eccellente] [http://chaba.info/the-rock/ the rock protagonista di doom] [http://nobinters.org/citroen-c.htm citroen c4 hdi] [http://ustall.org/web/croacia.htm croacia] [http://ustall.org/web/brazil.htm brazil] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/meg-ryan/ meg ryan nuda] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/t-batteria.htm t10 batteria ericsson] [http://ustall.org/web/psone.htm psone] [http://ustall.org/web/salemme.htm salemme] [http://helmed.info/topic/mis-read/ mis read] [http://helmed.info/topic/maxtor-maxline/ maxtor maxline ii plus sata] [http://helmed.info/topic/canon-lbp/ canon lbp-5200 stampante laser lbp5200] [http://chaba.info/republica-del/ republica del peru] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/monitor-tft/ monitor tft nero] [http://saibso.org/queer-folk.htm queer folk] [http://helmed.info/topic/forno-a/ forno a micro onde samsung] [http://kinunia.cn/dvd-vergini.htm dvd vergini vendita] [http://ustall.org/web/via-margutta.htm via margutta] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/department-of/ department of public instruction in wi] [http://nobinters.org/pro-evolution.htm pro evolution soccer 4 scontato a fine mese] [http://saibso.org/comunita-di.htm comunita di farneta] [http://kinunia.cn/trivellazioni.htm trivellazioni] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/body-detoxification.htm body detoxification via an ionizing footbath] [http://ustall.org/web/mischka.htm mischka] [http://davte.info/library/html/galleria-immagini.htm galleria immagini] [http://helmed.info/topic/midi-canzoni/ midi canzoni napoletane] [http://nobinters.org/boogieman.htm boogieman] [http://kinunia.cn/pod.htm pod] [http://saibso.org/cd-zappa.htm cd zappa] [http://kinunia.cn/britney-spears.htm britney spears nude] [http://saibso.org/donne-bocchinare.htm donne bocchinare] [http://kinunia.cn/nike-air.htm nike air terra] [http://helmed.info/topic/gli-anni/ gli anni 96] [http://kinunia.cn/paperino-operazione.htm paperino operazione] [http://kinunia.cn/casio-exilim.htm casio exilim ex- z750] [http://davte.info/library/html/genero-suocera.htm genero suocera] [http://davte.info/library/html/la-cosa.htm la cosa da un altro mondo. special edition] [http://kinunia.cn/piedi-nudi.htm piedi nudi femminili] [http://helmed.info/topic/winap-ghost/ winap ghost] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/battagli-aerea/ battagli aerea] [http://helmed.info/topic/mortal-kombat/ mortal kombat trilogy] [http://davte.info/library/html/autocad-upgrade.htm autocad upgrade] [http://chaba.info/cp/ cp 45] [http://helmed.info/topic/lcd-samsung/ lcd samsung le 26r51b] [http://davte.info/library/html/il-trailer.htm il trailer e3 di final fantasy advent children] [http://chaba.info/proview-lcd/ proview lcd] [http://kinunia.cn/scanner-siemens.htm scanner siemens] [http://ashythro.info/library/html/lobo-torna/ lobo torna nei videogiochi] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/la-passione/ la passione org] [http://chaba.info/ssangyong-rexton/ ssangyong rexton] [http://ustall.org/web/these-words.htm these words natasha bedingfield] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/stampante-laser.htm stampante laser canon] [http://helmed.info/topic/espresso-polare/ espresso polare in arrivo] [http://davte.info/library/html/mondo-wrestling.htm mondo wrestling it] [http://kinunia.cn/sientelo-speedy.htm sientelo speedy feat lumidee] [http://ustall.org/web/peugeot-.htm peugeot 205 cabrio] [http://davte.info/library/html/mmc-.htm mmc 512 nokia 6630] [http://chaba.info/bubbles-trouble/ bubbles trouble 2] [http://nobinters.org/agriturismo-carrara.htm agriturismo carrara] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/maddalena-crippa.htm maddalena crippa] [http://davte.info/library/html/servizi-di.htm servizi di posizionamento sui motore di ricerca] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/concerto-di/ concerto di capodanno a vienna 2001] [http://helmed.info/topic/trucchi-gta/ trucchi gta san andres ps2] [http://chaba.info/claudia-de/ claudia de falco] [http://ustall.org/web/la-tasha.htm la tasha marzolla] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/inni-e/ inni e marce] [http://saibso.org/mercedes-classe.htm mercedes classe a istruzione uso it] [http://davte.info/library/html/jamo-dvr.htm jamo dvr 50] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/http-www.htm http www virgillio com] [http://helmed.info/topic/accessori-nikon/ accessori nikon caricabatteria] [http://chaba.info/www-bramkasms/ www bramkasms pl] [http://nobinters.org/sims-cuccioli.htm sims cuccioli che passione pc] [http://kinunia.cn/film-dvd.htm film dvd cristian de sica] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/videogiochi/ videogiochi] [http://ustall.org/web/dibi.htm dibi] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/porsche-/ porsche 996 4s nero] [http://helmed.info/topic/appartamento-vacanza/ appartamento vacanza ferrara] [http://helmed.info/topic/panasonic-hz/ panasonic 100hz] [http://chaba.info/vasco-rossi/ vasco rossi copertine] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/disegni-di.htm disegni di dei] [http://nobinters.org/creative-zen.htm creative zen micro 6gb bianco] [http://chaba.info/cartoline-net/ cartoline net] [http://davte.info/library/html/waddenzee.htm waddenzee] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/seat-arosa.htm seat arosa 1998] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/smashing.htm smashing] [http://davte.info/library/html/caterina-sylos.htm caterina sylos labini] [http://helmed.info/topic/calcio-lotto/ calcio lotto] [http://kinunia.cn/abit-ai.htm abit ai7] [http://nobinters.org/jak-e.htm jak e daxter ps2] [http://davte.info/library/html/diddlemania.htm diddlemania] [http://ustall.org/web/ricevitore-stereo.htm ricevitore stereo bluetooth] [http://ustall.org/web/navigatore-satellitare.htm navigatore satellitare palmare tomtom] [http://ustall.org/web/nelson-tavarez.htm nelson tavarez] [http://nobinters.org/tvc-lcd.htm tvc lcd 17] [http://nobinters.org/xdpicture-card.htm xd-picture card 512mb] [http://chaba.info/qualcosa-che/ qualcosa che scotta] [http://helmed.info/topic/dinh-ding/ dinh ding dong] [http://kinunia.cn/nx-pro.htm nx pro] [http://nobinters.org/nuove-immagini.htm nuove immagini da tekken 5] [http://chaba.info/isola-d/ isola d elba camping] [http://chaba.info/stampanti-laser/ stampanti laser canon] [http://saibso.org/lga-socket.htm lga775 socket] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/inserzion/ inserzion] [http://davte.info/library/html/sennheiser-hd.htm sennheiser hd 212] [http://ustall.org/web/stampante-brother.htm stampante brother multifunzione mfc] [http://saibso.org/britney-vs.htm britney vs bob] [http://kinunia.cn/nikon-speedlight.htm nikon speedlight sb-800] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/fighe-delle/ fighe delle persone famose] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/ingravida/ ingravida] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/walthamstow.htm walthamstow] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/offerta-hotel/ offerta hotel chicago] [http://nobinters.org/trust-bluetooth.htm trust bluetooth mini mouse] [http://chaba.info/o-quatrilho/ o quatrilho] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/baso/ baso-] [http://helmed.info/topic/buoni-o/ buoni o cattivi remix] [http://saibso.org/maturita-.htm maturita 2004 italiano svolti] [http://helmed.info/topic/macchine-per/ macchine per microfusione] [http://ashythro.info/library/html/roman-polanski/ roman polanski box set] [http://saibso.org/voice.htm voice] [http://nobinters.org/capitan-harlock.htm capitan harlock. box set] [http://helmed.info/topic/auto-tvdvd/ auto tv-dvd] [http://saibso.org/hir-aj.htm hir aj cam hir ai go] [http://ashythro.info/library/html/zinco-ossido/ zinco ossido] [http://ustall.org/web/ivan-segreti.htm ivan segreti] [http://nobinters.org/luca-barbareschi.htm luca barbareschi] [http://nobinters.org/puglia-it.htm puglia it] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/sluchaczy.htm sluchaczy] [http://kinunia.cn/she-drives.htm she drives me crazy] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/pico-telecom.htm pico telecom] [http://nobinters.org/a.htm a75] [http://ustall.org/web/la-figlia.htm la figlia della madonna] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/mensajes-movistar/ mensajes movistar] [http://saibso.org/vallata.htm vallata] [http://helmed.info/topic/dosminutos/ dosminutos] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/cmt-a/ cmt a50] [http://chaba.info/terratec-cinergy/ terratec cinergy 2] [http://ustall.org/web/max-pane.htm max pane] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/occhiali-da.htm occhiali da sole byblos] [http://kinunia.cn/trasmettitore-segnale.htm trasmettitore segnale telecomando] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/http-tunnel.htm http tunnel crack] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/charlize.htm charlize] [http://kinunia.cn/buon-compleanno.htm buon compleanno biglietto d augurio] [http://amohseni.info/img/styles/abito-di/ abito di carnevale] [http://nobinters.org/eu-fico.htm eu fico] [http://psisemiya.com/images/small/dir-en/ dir en grey] [http://kinunia.cn/philips-mini.htm philips mini hi fi] [http://chaba.info/verifiche-impianti/ verifiche impianti termici bari] [http://bloprofeldi.info/lib/bow-wow.htm bow wow ft jojo]
&uarr; [[Table of Contents]]<br />
&larr; [[2. Some Basic Economics of Information Production and Innovation|Chapter 2]] | [[4. The Economics of Social Production|Chapter 4]] &rarr;
 
== Content ==
 
* [http://www.benkler.org/Benkler_Wealth_Of_Networks_Chapter_3.pdf Full text (PDF)]
* [[Sentence-sliced Text Chapter 3|Full text, sentence-sliced (wiki)]]
* [[Summary Chapter 3|Summary (wiki)]]
* [[Commentary Chapter 3|Commentary (wiki)]]
 
==Summary==
It is not intuitive that thousands of volunteers could beat big companies. Yet they do.
 
Coase argues that corporations exist because the transaction costs of using the market are too high. Yet GNU/Linux, Apache, Perl and others use neither markets nor hierarchies.
 
I call this commons-based peer production. Commons (as opposed to property) because no one person controls how the resource is used, they are either open to the public or a defined group. Peer production because it is done through self-selected, decentralized individual action.
 
Examples: Free software, [http://clickworkers.arc.nasa.gov/top NASA Clickworkers], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page Wikipedia], [http://secondlife.com/ Second Life].  
 
Relevance and accreditation technology can ensure the results are good: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Directory_Project Open Directory Project], [http://slashdot.org/ Slashdot] (karma).
 
Distribution tech too: [http://www.gutenberg.org/wiki/Main_Page Project Gutenberg].
 
Sharing tech: [http://setiathome.ssl.berkeley.edu/ SETI@Home], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napster Napster]
 
==Sources==
===Sources cited in the chapter===
===Other relevant readings===
==Case Studies==
===Supporting examples===
; [http://www.mturk.com/mturk/welcome Amazon Mechanical Turk] : Could be considered micro-outsourcing, allows API access to human effort. ''Also see [http://feeds.feedburner.com/Turkwatch Turkwatch] for an overview of recent MTurk projects''
 
===Counter-examples===
Robert McHenry, former editor in chief of the ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', criticized Wikipedia as being an unreliable source of information.  McHenry cited the Wikipedia entry on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton Alexander Hamilton] which fixed Hamilton's birth at 1755 instead of describing the controversy over Hamilton's birth being in either 1755 or 1757.  McHenry concluded that Wikipedia was unreliable because it was not professionally produced.  However, he failed to note that other major online encyclopedias such as ''Columbia'' or ''Encarta'' also incorrectly described Hamilton's birth.  Within hours of the publication of McHenry's Web article, Alexander Hamilton's Wikipedia entry was corrected, all references were confirmed, and the rest of the entry was cleaned up. (71)
 
In [http://edge.org/documents/archive/edge183.html On "Digital Maoism: The Hazards of the New Online Collectivism"], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaron_Lanier Jaron Lanier] warns against the collective consciousness, which he dubs the "Hive Mind," as a dangerous trend in contemporary media "that is part of the larger pattern of the appeal of a new online collectivism that is nothing less than a resurgence of the idea that the collective is all-wise, that it is desirable to have influence concentrated in a bottleneck that can channel the collective with the most verity and force."
 
===Indeterminate Examples (in progress)===
; [http://mycroftnetwork.com Mycroft] : UCB iSchool research project, a generalization of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clickworkers ClickWorkers] by utilizing a few seconds of web surfer's abilities to collaboratively solve large problems, without leaving the page. Currently focusing on Wikipedia image tagging and [http://www.gutenberg.org/ Project Gutenberg].
 
==Key Concepts==
===Commons-Based Peer Production===
'''Commons'''- An institutional way of structuring rights to access, use, and control. It is understood as the opposite of "property" in that property law gives one particular person the authority to decide how a resource is used.
 
'''Commons Parameters'''
*1. Open to anyone or only to a defined group
*2. Regulated or Unregulated
 
===Peer Production===
'''Peer Production'''- Production systems that depend on individual action that is self-selected and decentralized, rather than hierarchically assigned.
 
'''Decentralization'''- Conditions under which the actions of many users work together effectively despite the fact that they do not rely on reducing the number of people whose will or authority counts to direct the action.
 
Contemporary society is witnessing an emergence of more effective peer production that does not rely on the price system or a managerial structure for coordination.
 
'''The Act of Communication'''
*1. ''The Utterance''- writing an article or drawing a picture
*2. ''Relevance & Accreditation''- Rendering the utterance as worthwhile
*3. ''Distribution''- How one takes on an utterance, and distributes it to other people who find it relevant and credible
 
All three acts of communication can be created and governed by peer production. For example:
*'''Utterance''': Mapping mars with [http://clickworkers.arc.nasa.gov/top NASA Clickworkers], creating articles and editing [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page Wikipedia], expanding game narratives in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massively_multiplayer_online_game MMOGs] generating and a virtual world in [http://secondlife.com/ Second Life].
*'''Relevance & Accreditation'''- Peer book reviews and tracking purchases on [http://www.amazon.com/ Amazon], Google's [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_algorithm PageRank Algorithm], [http://slashdot.org/ Slashdot's] peer-review system
*'''Distribution'''- User-centered book scanning and proofreading on [http://www.gutenberg.org/wiki/Main_Page Project Gutenberg]
 
===Sharing Processing, Storage, and Communications Platforms===
Sharing computational power is similar to peer production of information in its radical decentralization and reliance on social relations and motivations.  Yet it is different in that users are not sharing their innate and acquired human capabilities. Rather, they are sharing material goods that they privately own, and are producing economic, not public, goods.  Distributing computational power in this way, created and maintained by large numbers of disparate users, are in fact more powerful and efficient than those built by centralized, financed corporations. Examples:
 
*[http://setiathome.ssl.berkeley.edu/ SETI@home]- Uses the power of personal computers in peoples' homes to search for extra terrestrial life.
*[http://fightaidsathome.scripps.edu/ FightAIDS@Home]- Uses the power of personal computers in peoples' homes to screen compounds for drugs that fight the AIDS virus.
*[http://genomeathome.stanford.edu/ Genome@Home]- Uses the power of personal computers in peoples' homes to generate useful protiens
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peer-to-peer Peer-To-Peer] software like early [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napster Napster] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent_%28protocol%29 BitTorent] user protocols that allow tens of millions of computers users around the world to cooperate in producing the most efficient and robust file storage and retrieval system in the world.
*[http://www.skype.com/ Skype] uses [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fasttrack FastTrack]-like architecture to share their computing and communications resources to create a global telephone system running on top of the Internet.

Latest revision as of 15:46, 20 August 2009

↑ Table of Contents
← Chapter 2 | Chapter 4 →

Content

Summary

It is not intuitive that thousands of volunteers could beat big companies. Yet they do.

Coase argues that corporations exist because the transaction costs of using the market are too high. Yet GNU/Linux, Apache, Perl and others use neither markets nor hierarchies.

I call this commons-based peer production. Commons (as opposed to property) because no one person controls how the resource is used, they are either open to the public or a defined group. Peer production because it is done through self-selected, decentralized individual action.

Examples: Free software, NASA Clickworkers, Wikipedia, Second Life.

Relevance and accreditation technology can ensure the results are good: Open Directory Project, Slashdot (karma).

Distribution tech too: Project Gutenberg.

Sharing tech: SETI@Home, Napster

Sources

Sources cited in the chapter

Other relevant readings

Case Studies

Supporting examples

Amazon Mechanical Turk
Could be considered micro-outsourcing, allows API access to human effort. Also see Turkwatch for an overview of recent MTurk projects

Counter-examples

Robert McHenry, former editor in chief of the Encyclopedia Britannica, criticized Wikipedia as being an unreliable source of information. McHenry cited the Wikipedia entry on Alexander Hamilton which fixed Hamilton's birth at 1755 instead of describing the controversy over Hamilton's birth being in either 1755 or 1757. McHenry concluded that Wikipedia was unreliable because it was not professionally produced. However, he failed to note that other major online encyclopedias such as Columbia or Encarta also incorrectly described Hamilton's birth. Within hours of the publication of McHenry's Web article, Alexander Hamilton's Wikipedia entry was corrected, all references were confirmed, and the rest of the entry was cleaned up. (71)

In On "Digital Maoism: The Hazards of the New Online Collectivism", Jaron Lanier warns against the collective consciousness, which he dubs the "Hive Mind," as a dangerous trend in contemporary media "that is part of the larger pattern of the appeal of a new online collectivism that is nothing less than a resurgence of the idea that the collective is all-wise, that it is desirable to have influence concentrated in a bottleneck that can channel the collective with the most verity and force."

Indeterminate Examples (in progress)

Mycroft
UCB iSchool research project, a generalization of ClickWorkers by utilizing a few seconds of web surfer's abilities to collaboratively solve large problems, without leaving the page. Currently focusing on Wikipedia image tagging and Project Gutenberg.

Key Concepts

Commons-Based Peer Production

Commons- An institutional way of structuring rights to access, use, and control. It is understood as the opposite of "property" in that property law gives one particular person the authority to decide how a resource is used.

Commons Parameters

  • 1. Open to anyone or only to a defined group
  • 2. Regulated or Unregulated

Peer Production

Peer Production- Production systems that depend on individual action that is self-selected and decentralized, rather than hierarchically assigned.

Decentralization- Conditions under which the actions of many users work together effectively despite the fact that they do not rely on reducing the number of people whose will or authority counts to direct the action.

Contemporary society is witnessing an emergence of more effective peer production that does not rely on the price system or a managerial structure for coordination.

The Act of Communication

  • 1. The Utterance- writing an article or drawing a picture
  • 2. Relevance & Accreditation- Rendering the utterance as worthwhile
  • 3. Distribution- How one takes on an utterance, and distributes it to other people who find it relevant and credible

All three acts of communication can be created and governed by peer production. For example:

Sharing Processing, Storage, and Communications Platforms

Sharing computational power is similar to peer production of information in its radical decentralization and reliance on social relations and motivations. Yet it is different in that users are not sharing their innate and acquired human capabilities. Rather, they are sharing material goods that they privately own, and are producing economic, not public, goods. Distributing computational power in this way, created and maintained by large numbers of disparate users, are in fact more powerful and efficient than those built by centralized, financed corporations. Examples:

  • SETI@home- Uses the power of personal computers in peoples' homes to search for extra terrestrial life.
  • FightAIDS@Home- Uses the power of personal computers in peoples' homes to screen compounds for drugs that fight the AIDS virus.
  • Genome@Home- Uses the power of personal computers in peoples' homes to generate useful protiens
  • Peer-To-Peer software like early Napster and BitTorent user protocols that allow tens of millions of computers users around the world to cooperate in producing the most efficient and robust file storage and retrieval system in the world.
  • Skype uses FastTrack-like architecture to share their computing and communications resources to create a global telephone system running on top of the Internet.
Retrieved from "http://cyber.harvard.edu/wealth_of_networks/?title=3._Peer_Production_and_Sharing&oldid=3795"