Table 9.1
Table 9.1: Map of Players and Roles in Major Relevant Sectors
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Actor Sector |
Government |
Universities, Libraries, etc. |
IP-Based Industry |
Non-IP-Based Industry |
NGOs/Nonprofits |
Individuals |
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Software |
Research funding, defense, procurement |
Basic research and design; components "incubate" much else |
Software publishing (1/3 annual revenue) |
Software services, customization (~2/3 annual revenue) |
FSF; Apache; W3C; IETF |
Free/open-source software |
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Scientific publication |
Research funding |
University presses; salaries; promotion and tenure |
Elsevier Science; professional associations |
Biomed Central |
PLoS; ArXiv |
Working papers; Web-based self-publishing |
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Agricultural Biotech |
Grants and government labs; NARS |
Basic research; tech transfer (24% of patenting activity) |
Monsanto, DuPont, Syngenta (~74% of patents) |
No obvious equivalent |
CAMBIA BIOS CGIAR |
Farmers |
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Biomed/Health |
Grants and government labs |
Basic research; tech transfer (~50%?) |
Big Pharma; Biotech (~50%?) |
Generics |
OneWorld Health |
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