Summer Doctoral Programme 2007 Wiki - User contributions [en]

The Personal Research Portal

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__NOTOC__

Many people ask "why do you blog" and, even if they are consummate blog readers, the reasons to maintain an '''academic blog''' never seem to be ''that'' clear to spend those amounts of time (?) with the geeky tool.

Because... there are ''rational'' reasons behind, aren't they?

'''Goal of the session: reflect on the possibilities of the Internet to help dooing and diffusing one's research.''' Focus on practice or in theory/philosophy/reflection depending on participants' interest.
* This is great. I am also interested in looking at the potential drawbacks of research blogging, if there is any. -- Cindy

Just to warm engines, some of the old copy-and-paste thing:

==Intro==

One of the main problems that junior researchers face is invisibility. This invisibility causes, at least, two major consequences:
* Minimum awareness and recognition of their findings, fields of work, interests and even existence - hence, difficulty to build one's scientific network
* Difficult access to mainstream publishing circuits, in part due to the former point

Enhanced digital exposure should give further information on the following aspects:
* who am I
* what do I do / what does interest me
* what have I done / what do I know
* where am I

==Goals of the PRP==
* Host a repository for personal production, with public aim, with past and present (work in progress) information and documentation, being everything interlinked
* Gather digital resources, news, general information and materials on the same platform, accessible from each and every computer
* Self-archive and self-publish research results, as far as the ongoing research, including reflections, doubts, findings â avoiding waits and delays
* Let know what one knows and that one knows

==Theoretical Issues==

=====Digital Identity=====
* The live âCVâ
* Internet positioning
* Content as identity wrapper
* Content as identity shaper: Synthesis - Abstraction

=====Read / be informed=====
* Subscription to more relevant sources
* Personal board about current news

=====Knowledge Management, Open Access, Open Science=====
* e-Portfolio
* Self-Archiving
* Self-Publishing
* Open Licensing
* Readings
* Notes, Reflections
* Learning Materials
* ''Found Objects''

=====Network Building=====
* Presence in relevant places
* âplace in the worldâ
* Participation in projects
* Invitation to evaluate articles and communications
* Invitation to impart conferences and seminars

==Shape/Prototype of a PRP==
* A static web site with personal and professional information, drawing the researcher profile
* A blog, where to note news, reflections and, actually, most flow knowledge arising from readings, research results and hypotheses
* A blogroll, understood as both a live reader for the researcher and a live bibliography of bookmarks for the community
* A wiki, where stock knowledge is stored but allowing it to evolve along time and with the collaboration of third parties
* A bibliographic manager, with online access to all or most records
* A personal repository to both self-archive already published papers and self-publish preprints, working papers, presentations, syllabuses, etc.
* Other devices the like of social bookmarking tools, file stores (image, sound, video), etc.
* RSS feeds for each and every dynamic page

==Resources==
PeÃ±a-LÃ³pez, I. (2006). ''The Personal Research Portal''. Presentation given in Castelldefels, November 2nd, 2006 in the research seminar organized by the Internet Interdisciplinary Institute [http://ictlogy.net/presentations/20061102_ismael_pena_personal_research_portal.pdf PDF, 12.8Mb]

==Bibliography==
[http://ictlogy.net/bibciter/reports/bibliographies.php?idb=22 Bibliography for an article (forthcoming) on a closely related issue]

[http://reconstruction.eserver.org/064/contents.shtml Reconstruction 6.4 (2006) Theories/Practices of Blogging]

Tech Tools Demo

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Useful Tech Tools

'''Insert name and tool'''

# Marcus: [http://www.dopplr.com/ dopplr.com] - Colin has unlimited invites.
# Marcus: [http://www.linkedin.com/ linkedin.com]
# Ismael: [http://bibciter.net BibCiter], the one I'm [http://ictlogy.net/bibciter/ using on my site] (that one goes for Marcus ;)
# DaithÃ: [http://www.yepthat.com Yep] - which a few of you have asked me about, as i'm always playing with it. It's neither 'Web 2.0" nor very collaborative, though.
# Peter: HyperPo Text Analysis Tool -- [www.tapor.ca] or [http://test-tapor.mcmaster.ca/portal/portal] -- TAPoR: Text Analysis Tool Portal. There are many tools here, but I find HyperPo to be the most useful, and I will give a brief demonstration of its power for quick and easy text analysis.
# Fred: I'll show off [http://openid.net OpenID]
# Ralph: I can show [http://genpsylab-wexlist.unizh.ch wexlist] and [http://demo.elearninglab.org vizhall]
# Colin:

* [http://pipes.yahoo.com/pipes/ Pipes] Interactive data aggregator and manipulator that lets you mashup your favorite online data sources
* [https://webda.sh Webdash] "personal web assistant" that enables you to securely bookmark, organize, annotate, and email any page on the web right from your browser
* [http://services.alphaworks.ibm.com/manyeyes/app Many Eyes] Tool for data visualization and sharing
* [https://www.visiblepath.com Visible Path] An interesting and perhaps more automated way of using your network - a la linkedin

Comments:
:: Marcus: I would love to see a demo of [http://del.icio.us/ del.icio.us] and a tool that allows you to collaboratively share academic references
::: Lorraine: I've heard [http://www.citeulike.org/ CiteULike] and also [http://www.connotea.org/ Connotea] are pretty nice, though haven't used either yet.
::: Ismael: I've tested both and while they do quite well for sharing, they're quite poor to manage ''your own'' references and bibliographies (specially Connotea, that I actually would not call a bibliographic manager at all)
::: Lorraine: It sounds like BibCiter is standalone, whereas CiteULike and Connotea expect you're interfacing with other bibliographers like [http://www.endnote.com/ EndNote].
::: Ismael: Exactly. It just shares through RSS feeds and BibTeX exports. Can't you publish openly with Endnote, can you?
::: Lorraine: I do think [http://www.endnote.com/ EndNote] allows you to publish your reference sets. The power and attractiveness of the other tools, though is that references can be *created* and *snagged* via web, and then imported into EndNote, thus eliminating manual entry (for those cites you're not importing via library systems). So these are viewed as supplements to EndNote, not replacements.

:: Marcus: One of my students recommended [http://ma.gnolia.com/ ma.gnolia.com]. Does anyone have any experience with this tool?

:: Marcus: Colleague at MIT recommended [http://www.pownce.com/ pownce.com]. Have signed up, but would love to hear an example where this tool has come in handy or taken off.

Slides

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== Faculty Presentations ==

[https://cyber.law.harvard.edu/~ashar/SDP%20Intro%20Session.pptx Introduction Session Slides]

[http://www.progressionsoft.com/dn/DNs-oii-7.07.pdf John Palfrey and Urs Gasser, Digital Natives (pdf)]

[http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/~ashar/DOWNLOADING%20DEMOCRACYlong.ppt Downloading Democracy - Steve Schifferes]

[http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/~ashar/oii%20gillmor%20slides.pdf Dan Gillmor's slides]

[https://cyber.law.harvard.edu/~ashar/july%2019%20sdp.ppt July 19 / Privacy in Atlantis Slides]

[http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/~ashar/MarcusSlides.pdf Marcus Foth's Slides]

== Student Presentations ==

* [http://michaelzimmer.org/files/Zimmer%20SDP2007%20slides.pdf Michael Zimmer's Presentation]
* [http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/~ashar/oxford%20lj%20pres..ppt Karina's presentation]
* [http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/~ashar/SDP2007Pignetti.ppt Daisy's presentation]
* [https://cyber.law.harvard.edu/~ashar/KMcC.ppt Karen Mc Cullagh's Presentation]
* [https://cyber.law.harvard.edu/~ashar/OII%20Privacy%20and%20Social%20Structure.pdf Lorraine Kisselburgh's Presentation]
* [https://cyber.law.harvard.edu/~ashar/oii-zollers.ppt Alla Zollers' Presentation]
* [https://cyber.law.harvard.edu/~ashar/Narrative_Networks.pdf Peter Ryan's Presentation]
* [http://ictlogy.net/bibciter/reports/projects.php?idp=726 Ismael PeÃ±a-LÃ³pez's Presentation]
* [http://www.lexferenda.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/07/macsithigh-sdp-slides.pdf DaithÃ Mac SÃthigh's presentation]

SDP Online Feedback Form

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The Summer Doctoral Program will forever be a work in progress. Each year brings new adventures, in this case, it is the first time SDP has ever been held in the US, the first time it's been primarily organized by the Berkman Center (in close collaboration with OII, QUT, etc.), and the largest ever group of students, among other notables.

As we collectively push to experiment with new approaches and refine existing ones, there remain adjustments to be made, novelties to be retained, and yes, even good intentions gone awry! In the spirit of that continuous improvement, we ask that you share your insights and reactions with us, beginning now, while SDP is still in process and subject to course correction. You may naturally do this in whatever way appeals most to you, including this easy to use [http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/sdp2007/feedback.php feedback form].

Thanks much for your help in this and all aspects of SDP; together we make it what it is.

Participants blogs and web pages

2012-12-12T17:55:40Z

BerkmanSysop: UTurn to 1230768001

Please add yourself, and your blog/webpage etc. We might wish to consider linking to each other too, or subscribing to feeds?

Welcome to Boston! '''Can everyone update this page with email addresses/IM info, please?'''

* '''Benjamin Addom:'''
:: Research interests: Knowledge sharing between developed and developing nations,distributed collaboration, community knowledge infrastructure, community networks all within Community Informatics and ICT4D

* '''Julia Ahrens:'''
:: Research interests: Media/communication, gender & net use, copyright

* '''Veronica Alfaro:'''
:: Research interests: Sociology, social movements, comm. technologies, politics, civil society, virtual ethnographies

* '''Monica Barbovschi:'''
:: Research interests: Sociology, public space, media structures, mobile journalism, individuals & civil society, youth&Internet
:: Email: monica@adnalyse.com

* '''Bodo Balazs:''' [http://www.warsystems.hu blog], [http://www.flickr.com/photos/45911229@N00/ flickr]
:: Research interests: Communications, piracy, copyright, file-sharing, culture
:: Email: bodo (at) mokk (dot) bme (dot) hu
:: Skype: bodobalazs

* '''Serena Carpenter:'''
:: Research interests: Citizen journalism, blogs, journalism, social networks

* '''Jaz Choi:''' [http://www.nicemustard.com blog]
:: Research interests: play, culture, creativity, technology, mobility, youth, Asia, and urban design

* '''Rachel Cobcroft:''' [http://toujoursdeja.blogspot.com/ blog], [http://www.flickr.com/photos/felix42 photoblog] and [http://del.icio.us/felix42 del.icio.us]
:: Research interests: FLOSS: Copyright and the Creative Commons, user-led creativity, convergence, community
:: Email: r.cobcroft@gmail.com
:: Skype: felixfortytwo

* '''Seok-Jin Eom:'''
:: Research interests: Public Administration, e-government, IT infrastructure

* '''Adam Fiser:''' [http://www3.fis.utoronto.ca/research/iprp/cracin/people/profiles/fiser.htm CRACIN] and [http://www.cwirp.ca/ CWIRP]
:: Research interests: Community Informatics/ICT4D, First Nations, telecom policy for high cost service areas, broadband...

* '''Karina Alexanyan Fitch:'''
:: Research interests: Communication, global communications & tech, international development, culture, ID
:: kva2001@columbia.edu

* '''Erica Johnson:''' [http://www.wickedfrenchkiss.com blog]
:: Research interests: blogs, politics (focus on American politics), democracy, media, journalism, elections
:: johnson.erica@gmail.com
:: MSN: ericaj2003@hotmail.com
:: AIM: erika1481

* '''Lorraine Kisselburgh:'''
:: Research interests: Media, technology, society; privacy, data mining, geolocation, security, public access; social networks/ing; communities; gender; digital media and learning
:: Email: lorraine@purdue.edu
:: AIM: lorrainekiss

* '''Ralph Lengler:''' [http://gluckstaler.blogspot.com blog]
:: Research interests: Visual Media, e-literacy, visual communication & rhetorics, data mining, co-creational web-technology,

* '''Karoline Lukaschek:''' [http://www.karoline-lukaschek.de homepage]
:: Research interests: Role playing and theatrality on the internet, internet communities, virtual communities, knowledge, language
:: Email: Karoline.Lukaschek(at)gmx.de

* '''DaithÃ Mac SÃthigh:''' [http://www.lexferenda.com blog]
:: Research interests: media regulation, development of international law, communications theory
:: Email: macsithd@tcd.ie
:: Google Talk: macsithd@tcd.ie
:: MSN: daithidaithidaithi@hotmail.com

* '''Karen McCullagh:'''
:: Research interests:Privacy, sensitivity of data, blogs

* '''Ismael PeÃ±a-LÃ³pez:''' http://ictlogy.net ([http://ismael.ictlogy.net shortcut to ''about me'' section])
:: Research interests: e-Readiness, Digital Divide, ICT4D, Open Access / A2K / Open Science

* '''Ben Peters:'''
:: Research interests: Communications, copyright and piracy, ICTs, history and new media, globalization and cultures of property. Email: bjpeters@gmail.com, bjp2108@columbia.edu

* '''Daisy Pignetti:''' [http://dpignett.blog.usf.edu blog] and [http://del.icio.us/phdaisy del.icio.us]
:: Research interests: place blogs, narrative and autoethnographic research methods, citizen media and communication during times of crisis
:: Email/Google Talk: phdaisy *at* gmail *dot* com

* '''Maria Gomez Rodriguez:'''
:: Research interests: Law, regulation, innovation, access to knowledge, antitrust, net neutrality
:: email: maria.gomez.rodriguez@gmail.com
:: MSN: nispl@msn.com

* '''Peter Ryan:''' [http://prnetworks.blogspot.com blog] and my dissertation research [https://www.runner.ryerson.ca/PRSurvey/survey.cfm survey]
:: Research interests: code mapping, content analysis, the cultural impact of digital code, ICTs in post-secondary education, narrative networks, new media tools research and development, and politics on-line

* '''Cuihua (Cindy) Shen:'''
:: Research interests: online social networks, digital innovation and production, virtual organizing.
:: email: shencuihua at gmail dot com
:: MSN: shencuihua at hotmail dot com
:: skype: shencuihua

* '''Sampsung Xiaoxiang Shi:''' [http://hilaws.com/ HiLaws @ Sampsung:@ www.hilaws.com]
:: Research interests: Copyright & Information Law, Internet Content Policy, Creativity & Culture, New Media & Democracy
:: email/MSN: sampsung@hotmail.com

* '''Becky Herr Stephenson:'''
:: Research interests: "digital kids" (role of media and technology in childhood and adolescence in the 21st century), youth media production, learning with digital media, critical media literacy
:: email: rherr@usc.edu
:: AIM: accbhs
:: Skype: becky.acc

* '''Fred Stutzman:''' [http://ibiblio.org/fred homepage] and [http://chimprawk.blogspot.com blog], [http://del.icio.us/fstutzman del.icio.us links]
:: Research interests: Online social network sites, social technologies, technology adoption, identity production and management
:: email: fred@metalab.unc.edu
:: AIM: chimprawk

* '''Chintan Vaishnav:''' [http://web.mit.edu/chintanv/www/ web site]
:: Research interests: socio-technical systems; information technology, economics and society; methods for observing, modeling, measuring and analyzing complex, socio-technical systems; technology and socio-economic development.

* '''Joris van Hoboken:''' [http://www.ivir.nl/staff/vanhoboken.html webpage at the IViR] and [http://www.jorisvanhoboken.nl blog]
:: Research interests: Information law, search engines, freedom of expression, privacy, legal theory, public interest, role of government.
:: contact: vanhoboken at ivir dot nl

* '''Aaron Veenstra:''' [http://server2.journalism.wisc.edu/~asveenstra/ web site], [http://www.etchouse.com/cpd/ blog & podcast], [http://del.icio.us/aaronetc del.icio.us], asveenstra at wisc dot edu, aaronetc at gmail dot com
:: Research interests: blogs, political communication, new media, media cognition, learning from the media, survey methodology

* '''[[Joseph Wafula]]:'''
:: Research interests: ICT Policy and strategies, e-governance, focus on Africa

* '''Mena Ning Wang:'''
:: Research interests: Internet use and social perceptions, opinion formation and expression in CMC, impression management in CMC
:: Email: ningwang25@gmail.com
:: MSN: mena_ning@hotmail.com

* '''Michael Zimmer''' [http://michaelzimmer.org blog]
:: Research interests: Web search engines, access to knowledge, values in technology design, privacy & surveillance theory, STS, information interfaces

* '''Alla Zollers:''' [http://blog.ayre.org blog], [http://del.icio.us/agenkina delicious]
:: Research interests: Social tagging, social software, social networks, critical cultural studies, copyright/ip, trust
:: Email: alla (dot) zollers (at) ucla (dot) edu

====Faculty====

* '''Urs Gasser:''' [http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/ugasser blog]

* '''John Palfrey:''' [http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/palfrey blog]

* '''Marcus Foth:''' [http://www.vrolik.de/ vrolik.de]
:: m.foth@qut.edu.au

Main Page

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__NOTOC__
==What's Next==
=====Conferences=====
* [http://conferences.aoir.org/index.php?cf=6 Association of Internet Researchers], Vancouver CAN, Oct 17-20 2007
* [http://www.uoc.edu/symposia/internationalseminar07 Web 2.0 and the role of the public sector], Barcelona, Spain, Oct 17-19, 2007
* [http://www.asis.org/Conferences/AM07/ ASIS&T], Milwaukee, WI, Oct 19-24, 2007
* [http://www.makinglinks.org.au/index.shtml Making Links], Sydney AUS, Oct 30-31 2007 (abstracts due 07-30)
* [http://intgovforum.org/index.htm Internet Governance Forum meeting], Rio de Janeiro, BRA, Nov 12-15 2007
* [http://www.natcom.org/nca/Template2.asp?bid=7339 National Communication Association], Chicago, IL, Nov 15-18 2007
* [http://www.icict.gov.eg/ICICT2007/index.html IEEE-ICICT], Cairo, Egypt, Dec 16-18 2007 (abstracts due 7/29)
* [http://computersandwriting.org/cw2008 Computers and Writing], Athens, GA, May 21-24 2008
* [http://www.icahdq.org/conferences/futureconferences.asp Int'l Communication Association], Montreal CAN, May 22-26 2008 (papers due ~Feb)
 

=====Proposed Conference=====
* OII SDP Reloaded, Oxford, UK, ~May-July 2008 (details to come!)
 

=====Post Doc Opportunities=====
* [http://www.youthmediarisk.org/AboutUs/Bio.aspx?myUserName=PJamieson Annenberg Public Policy Centerâs Adolescent Risk Communication Institute] (starts Sep 07)
* [http://www.columbia.edu/cu/societyoffellows/fellowship.html Columbia University Society of Fellows in the Humanities] (due Oct 8)
* [http://www.amacad.org/visiting.aspx American Academy of Arts & Sciences Visiting Scholars] (due Oct 15)
* [https://www.fastlane.nsf.gov/servlet/fastlane.pdoc.DisplayProgramType NSF Postdoctoral Research Fellowships] (deadlines vary)
* [http://programs.ssrc.org/eurasia/fellowships/postdoctoral_fellowships/ Social Science Research Council Postdoctoral Research Fellowships] and [http://www.ssrc.org/inside/employment/researchfellows/ Research Fellows]
 

==Learn and Interact==
*[http://www.oii.ox.ac.uk/teaching/sdp/SDP2007_Timetable.pdf Schedule] (PDF)
*[http://www.oii.ox.ac.uk/teaching/sdp/SDP2007_Readings.pdf Syllabus and Readings] (PDF)
*[http://www.oii.ox.ac.uk/teaching/sdp/SDP2007_Students.pdf Student Biographies] (PDF)
* [[Slides]]
* [[Participants blogs and web pages]]
* [[Useful Links]]
* [[Friday Copyright 2010 Wiki Page]]
* [[Tech Tools]] - includes question tool, h20 reading playlist, and a photo/link aggregator
* [[Session Introduction Sign Ups]]
* [[Student research seminars (presentations)]]
* [[SDP Online Feedback Form]]
 
====Collaborate====
* [[Suggest readings and references here]]
* [[Session notes]]
* [http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/planet/sdp2007/ SDP Aggregator]
* [[Social Network Links]]
 

==Side Events==
=====Wed 18th=====
* [[Meeting with John Kelly]]
* [[Dinner with Dan Gillmor]]
=====Thu 19th=====
* [[7/19 Food for Thought Lunches]]
* [[Identity Meetup]]
=====Mon 23th=====
* [[Food for Thought Lunches]]
* [[History Workshop]]
=====Tue 24th=====
* [[The Legacy of Lessig]]
* [[Poker night with Charlie Nesson]] (beginners and experts alike encouraged)

=====Thu 26th=====
* [[Tech Tools Demo]]
* [[Food for Thought Lunches]]
** [[Thinking about Digital Natives]], 10:45
** [[Conceptualizing editorial control in the context of web 2.0]], 11:30
** [[Navigating Uncharted Theory]], 11:45

=====Fri 27th=====
* [[The_Personal_Research_Portal | Why Do I Blog?: The Personal Research Portal]]
* [[Feedback]]
 

=== Group Field Trips===
* [http://www.media.mit.edu/ MIT Media Lab] and [http://olpc.com/ OLPC] office, Fri 20th 1:45
* [http://www.bostonislands.com/isle_bumpkin.html Bumpkin Island Cruise], Wed 25th 7pm (meet@Aquarium subway stop (blue line) at 6:45)
* [http://www.freeshakespeare.org/pages/mainstage/showinfo.php A Midsummer Night's Dream], Boston Commons, Thu 26th, [http://www.metoperafamily.org/metopera/history/stories/synopsis.aspx?id=63 script synopsis]

===Off-Seminar===
* [[Restaurant Recommendations]]
* [[Warriors' Rest Weekend]]
* [http://www.dining.harvard.edu/flp/ag_market.html Harvard Farmer's Market], Tues 12:30-6pm
* [http://www.faneuilhallmarketplace.com/ Faneuil Hall]
* [[NYC Meetup]] (following SDP)
* [[Onward Travel Arrangements]]
 

== Getting started ==
* [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Configuration_settings Configuration settings list]
* [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:FAQ MediaWiki FAQ]
* [http://mail.wikipedia.org/mailman/listinfo/mediawiki-announce MediaWiki release mailing list]

Joseph Wafula

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Joseph Muliaro Wafula holds a PhD and is a Fellow of Cambridge Commonwealth Society. Currently, he is a lecturer, researcher and the immediate director of the Institute of Computer Science and Information Technology at Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya. He is the founder and current director of the Kenya E-governance and E-content Backbone, a non-governmental organization with the following aims:
a) Raise, mobilize and disburse funds and other resources for the promotion of e-governance and e-content development.
b) Champion e-governance in Kenya
c) Train and inform Local Authorities on benefits of e-governance.
d) Support community based radio, television, mobile phone and Internet use.
e) Spearhead development/customization and deployment of software applications in support e-governance e-content development.
f) Lead consultancy on policies and strategies pertaining to e-governance and e-content creation and management.
g) Sensitize political parties on e-governance.
h) Promote sustainable local e-content development for schools.
i) Enable provision and promotion of e-counseling for youths on HIV/AIDS, Career, and Drugs.

Wafulaâs research interest is in how ICT policy and Strategies can be used to inspire good governance and sustainable development. Wafula has extensively studied and published on OECD, EU, COMESA and EAC blocs with a view of developing generic policies and frameworks that are suitable for sustainable development particularly in Africa. Wafula has also researched on trends in ICT indicators using ITU data. He belongs to a research group working on ICT for good governance, poverty reduction and development led by Prof Anthony J Rodrigues of School of Informatics and Computing University of Nairobi, Kenya. Other group members include Agnes Mindila currently researching on ICT for Development: Case of SMEs in Kenya; and Samuel Ruiu researching on ICT for poverty reduction in developing countries.

Wafula is Certified by Kenya Bureau of Standards as an implementer of ISO 9001:2000 on Quality Management Systems as well as a trainer of Trainers on implementation of ISO 9001:2000 on Quality Management Systems which he is currently doing at Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya.

History Workshop

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BerkmanSysop: UTurn to 1230768001

'''The history workshop'''

[http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/~ashar/Ben%20Peters-thoughts%20on%20New%20Media%20History.doc Ben's Paper]

[http://www.lexferenda.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/07/peters.pdf a draft syllabus on new media and history]

Monday, approximately 3:00, Main room (Austin East)

====Bibliography and References====

Add your favorite works to our HISTORY BIBLIOGRAPHY (if appropriate, followed by a brief description)

1. Siegert, Bernhard. Passage des Digitalen (in German), Brinkmann U. Bose, 2003. A brilliant deep history of digits, from 16c. bureaucracy in Spain to Leibnitz, to 1900. European media history.

2. Kittler, Friedrich. Gramophone, Film, Typewriter (Writing Science), Stanford UP, 1999. Close reading of early twentieth-century European media history, from the weaponry implicit in cameras to the feminine gender of typewriters. European media history.

3. Starr, Paul. The Creation of the Media: The Political Origins of Modern Communication. Basic
Books, 2005. The post-office, the press, and the telegraph as constitutive moments in understanding the political stance of America toward media. American media history.

4. Turner, Fred. From Counterculture to Cyberculture: Stewart Brand, the Whole Earth Network, and the Rise of Digital Utopianism, U of Chicago P, 2006. History of computer social movements in 1960-1990. Bay Area media history.

5. Johns, Adrian. âIntellectual Property and the Nature of Science,â Cultural Studies, Vol. 20, No.
2-3. (2006), pp. 145-164. Three mid-20th century thinkers (Arnold Plant, Michael Polanyi, Norbert Weiner) write against patents. (The whole CS issue is devoted to critical IP issues. Also watch for Johns' forthcoming book on history of piracy.) Intellectual patent history.

6. Debora L. Spar, Ruling the Waves, Harcourt, 2001. History of the cycle of (1)new technology, (2) adventurers, pirats and early visionary entrepeneurs, (3) commercialization and (4) call on government to protect established interests.

7. Ithiel de Sola Pool, Technologies of Freedom. Harvard University Press, 1983. A historical plea for a stress of freedom of speech in the context of new communication technologies.

8. Marvin, Carolyn, When old technologies were new: Thinking about electronic communication in the 19th Century. Oxford UP, 1990. Great attention to women's uses of "old" technology like phones.

9. Innis, Harold. Empire and Communications (1950) and The Bias of Communication (1951). Read the conclusions to these books first, and they will make a whole lot more sense (for the first time reader). Innis is a Canadian God that we all must bow down to... :-)

10. Warner, Michael. _The Letters of the Republic: Publication and the Public Sphere in Eighteenth-Century America_. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1990. Very good.

11. Alford, William P. _To Steal a Book Is an Elegant Offense: Intellectual Property Law in Chinese Civilization_ (Stanford University Press 1995). [Also: âDonât Stop Thinking About... Yesterday: Why There was No Indigenous Counterpart to Intellectual Property Law in Imperial China.â 7 J. Chinese Law 3 (1993).]

12. Bracha, Oren. Owning ideas: A History of Anglo-American Intellectual Property (Thesis (S.J.D.)--Harvard Law School, 2005).

13. Hesse, Carla. âThe Rise of Intellectual Property, 700 B.C.--A.D. 2000: an Idea in the Balance.â _Daedalus_ (Spring 2002): 26-45.

14. Rose, Mark. _Authors and Owners: The Invention of copyright_ (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1993).

Note: For those interested in new media history, please see also literature review section of linked paper above.

For those interested in (playful) history of piracy

15. Bey, Hakim. /T.A.Z.: The Temporary Autonomous Zone./

16. Fuller, Buckminster. /Operating Manual for the Spaceship Earth/, cf. ch. 2 esp, 1970.

Note: See also Bodo's reading list on piracy history: http://www.warsystems.hu/?p=67

==Draft Conference Proposal==

FROM WHENCE TO WHITHER:
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, THE INTERNET
AND WHAT THE PAST HAS TO OFFER THE DIGITAL AGE

(Working title #2: paths untaken and histories untaken: what history of the internet and intellectual property has to offer the digital age)

A COMMEMORATIVE CONFERENCE IN 2008

With 2008 marking the 10th anniversary of the Berkman Center, the 40th anniversary of the contracting of ARPANET (1968), and almost the 300th anniversary of the Statute of Anne (1709/10), we propose a timely conference devoted to offering a forum for showcasing work loosely triangulated within the history of these three institutions. Such a conference would offer a much-needed, if not altogether unique, forum for the collaboration of top scholars and students interested in sharpening, sobering, and enriching debate on present-day copyright and related conundrums through the lens of history. The driving themeâfrom 'whence' to 'whither' intellectual propertyâinvites work attempting to trace unexpected arcs of the historically understudied topic before and during the internet. Specifically, we hope history will help open the debate to a whole horizon of fields capable of rethinking the internet and intellectual property not only as an unregulated medium and a corresponding set of regulatory apparatuses but, most broadly, as multifaceted means for reorganizing and coordinating human creativity, control, and meaning.

The framing question of the conference âwhy history?â comes with many answers and at least one major admission. To start with the latter: it is not, as George Santayana said, that those who forget the past are condemned to repeat it but that those who do history well are condemned to admit its ambiguity. In fact a craft of drafts, which gets rewrittenâaccording to late historian Ken Cmiel at leastâevery 20 years or so, history gives us no assurances about avoiding repeating the past. It may be at best a tool for telling us how little we know about ourselves.

Nevertheless, consider in balance a few possible answers to the vexing question âwhy history?â: one, because revisiting ignored elements of our own contingent genealogy can shake long-held assumptions, contextualize change, and challenge complacencies that may otherwise linger. Knowing what we do not know is a strength, a weapon against sides too convinced of their own lineage and right to being right. Since in terms of historical stature the internet is an embryo to intellectual property's aged tradition, those lacking the brute force of centuries of supposedly accepted convention should turn to the much older stream bed of new media history for insight into challenging those conventions and toward considering a fuller spread of options presented by our own present moments for change (âconjunctural" or "constitutiveâ moments).

Why history? Two, because it occupies a rare kind of intellectual commonsâa concern for what came beforeâshared among otherwise isolated fields. As all academic disciplines must make some claim to identify change or affirm continuity, the faded remnants of this basic act of history pops up thinly veiled in many templates for scholarship. Even the most streamlined study gestures--with the help of literature reviews, panel data, or precedent--toward satisfying the human curiosity for change. Not only do most fields employ remnants of historical study, many fields have the historical subfields themselves in need of a common forum (legal history, media history, art history, etc.). History then sets a broad, open stage for scholarly performance from all kinds of disciplinary conversation. As the backdrop to much academia, history also offers the best (i.e., perhaps only) response to the moving-target problem possessing internet studies (i.e. we must study the internet historically to understand its own transformation from apples to oranges: try to understand change without a time axis, we dare even post-Einsteinian physicists).

Why history? Three, because it lets us tell stories that set the tone and trajectory for thinking about such subjects in the future. By this we mean not so much that history lets us peer into the future but that it lets us influence the way others in the future will think about us. The stories we tell about others will narrate those told about us. In a strong sense, history must exist for its own sake.

Why history? Lastly, because history is funâand the few that agree are invited to take part in the festivities.

Notes:

Is precedent itself an importantly impoverished form of history? A legal citation style that privileges the first and most recent cases excludes de facto from practical consideration the very 'midstream' legislative debate (everything inbetween the bookend cases) most likely to suggest constitutive moments. We write about law with stylistic habits costly to other thinkable historical alternatives. In terms of trying to find thinkable historical alternatives, the two least useful case studies may in fact be the earliest case, which, since it has no precedent itself, can shed little light on how to shift policy midstream and the most recent case, which is often too close to suggest fresh alternatives. (Historical freshness lies in the places least visited.) Rehabilitate the historical middle.

History may in fact be the /best worst/ predictor of the future, as at least we know historical data cannot directly apply to the future. History as a negative check on the future has a useful certainty to its uncertainty.

Peter Drahos says that philosophy depends on historyâwithout it philosophy is lost in abstraction. Yet it pretty much seems the case that without philosophy, most argument is empty. Activism by argument (i.e. scholarship?) demands historical understanding.

The idea of internet and history asks a lot of its students: first, a good sense of humor, second, a sophisticated sense for fact as well as a supple imagination for possibility (making historical alternatives thinkable), and third, a scientific skepticism that suspects even (especially?) its own method and a broad literacy at home in certain uncertainties.

However under-discussed, one part of whatâs so new about the internet is that itâs just new. As Yochai Benkler put it at the end of public lecture last year, these issues are important because âit is now.â Noveltyâand its conjunctural momentsâis perhaps the most ancient of human fascinations, and actually suggests questions about the stakes of history writing generally: since technologies are new before they are old, the history of new technologies (like the internet today, or the graphite pencil in 1600) is actually older than the history of old technologies. Can the new really be older than the old? (At least its history can be.) This too suggests that the new ideas about intellectual property we are so desperately looking for may be found in the old records of change. Novelty as a leading, or at least traceable, idea in media history.

What could we study? Pre-digital networks for source material to help rethink economic conventions about creative production? Histories of piracy and literacy (British novels in America, Windows in Romania: both increased media literacy)? Histories of the signature, the honorarium, or the certificate as a legal means of ensuring author authenticity? What about font homogenization of foreign languages in domain names? What the founding fathers did (or didnât) say about IPâand how may that affect our public debate on the subject? What does Chinese or Soviet history have to tell us about creative cultures burdened by sets of creativity restraints other than todayâs IP? What about a tracing of the flattening of the term âinformationâ or the rise of the term âcontentâ over the last twenty or 200 years?

Making sure that we bring people into the tent! Thinking of, for example, [http://www.upress.umn.edu/Books/A/acland_residual.html the collection of essays on 'residual media'] edited by Charles Acland (2007), [http://books.google.com/books?id=g1HmwcMfXjoC New Media: 1740-1915] (ed. Gitelman, 2004).

POET, MIT: history of the internet modularity informing synthetic biology, Professor Rose-Smith.

International IP students and scholars, absolutely!

Zuckerman on the internet: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V2QdEj8UjBc

WHO: POTENTIAL ATTENDEES
* Berkman Center faculty
* OII SDP Students
* Museum curators/library archivists
* International scholars/students

WHERE
* Berman Center?
* OII?
* In association with or after the next OII Institute (to offer the students another means to explore these issues, or simultaneously to be able to take part in key note sessions)
* Columbia University, Communications Program?

WHEN
* Berkman Gala Festivities, May 2008
* One-day conference, Fall 2008

HOW
* Main conference driver: Ben Peters
* Working organizing committee (open): Bodo Balazs, DaithÃ Mac SÃthigh, Joris van Hoboken

==Technology History Reading List==

'''Hacking, Ian. Taming Chance, on the history of uncertainty, cf. the following essay against interdisciplinarity (http://www.interdisciplines.org/interdisciplinarity/papers/7).

'''Carr, E. H. (1962). What is history? New York,, Knopf.
'''
A classic (or very short) on epistemology of history. (read this first, if you are not a historian)

'''Abbate, J. (1999). Inventing the Internet. Cambridge, Mass, MIT Press.
'''
Perhaps the best reference on the history of the Internet.

'''Aitken, H. G. J. (1960). Taylorism at Watertown Arsenal; scientific management in action, 1908-1915. Cambridge,, Harvard University Press.
'''
A great example of how a historian can write a history book as if he lived in this era.

'''Angevine, R. G. (2004). The railroad and the state : war, politics, and technology in nineteenth-century America. Stanford, Calif., Stanford University Press.
'''
Mostly just factual. Not as exciting as its title.

'''Cronon, W. (1991). Nature's metropolis : Chicago and the Great West. New York, W.W. Norton.
'''
A great book on the rise of Chicago (or any other upcoming megapolis â Bangalore?)

'''Hounshell, D. A. (1984). From the American system to mass production, 1800-1932 : the development of manufacturing technology in the United States. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press.
'''
A great reference on the history of gun-making, sewing machines, furniture industry, bicycle and automobile.

'''Maines, R. (2005). Asbestos and fire : technological trade-offs and the body at risk. New Brunswick, N.J., Rutgers University Press.
'''
A good reference for understanding his the interface of technology and law can be understood from historical perspective.

'''Mindell, D. A. (2002). Between human and machine : feedback, control, and computing before cybernetics. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press.
'''
History of control systems and analog to digital transition.

'''Vincenti, W. G. (1990). What engineers know and how they know it : analytical studies from aeronautical history. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press.
'''
A great reference of the cognitive psychology of an engineer and how engineering is different from science.

====NOTES from History Workshop, 07/23====

Introductions. Project thoughts on an alternate history of the ideas of copyright, piracy, and property in (post) Soviet Russia and Ukraine (Ben Peters); on a history of Franklin, Madison, Jefferson and other foundational thinkers' protocols around intellectual property as a way of recovering a conversation absent in the 1990s copyright extension debate (Lewis Hyde); on the short history of the term 'information' (all); on historical alternatives literature and the ideas of intellectual property in social theory and political philosophy, particularly post-liberal theory which looks to pay attention to values such as meaningful work and plasticity instead of only the traditional liberal values of equality, efficiency, and autonomy (Talha Syed); and on the history of search in the exploration of search engine liability (Joris van Hoboken).

It's not that those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it (George Santayana) but that those who actually do history are condemned to admit its ambiguity. History gives no agenda to its peruser but instead demands of the historian a fixed approach, an idea of what one is looking for.

According to Talha Syed, there are at least three presentist motives for a historical approach:

1. To shake the illusion that [fill in the blank (say, the term 'information')] has always been what it is today. To show that our state of being has a contingent genealogy.

2. To show that the present politics and world vision is contestable. To show that there were historical opportunities for politics and vision, besides the causality of technology and efficiency.

3. To validate or challenge contemporary arguments with historical ancestors. To place a certain argument within a richer, normatively charged tradition. To show an element of what we once were but are now ignoring.

Actionable proposals: (1) combine bibliographies (the greatest hits of helpful works on the internet and IP, see above), (2) write a conference call proposal, and (3) write a journal proposal.

====Questions====

I. What can history offer students of the internet, anyway? What
chances do we have of defending some answer other than "nothing"?

II. Can history teach us not to repeat past mistakes? If yes, how? If no, what's it good for?

III. Is the internet subject to the similar media law as other older new media cases? Why?

IV. What does intellectual property history contribute to the study of the internet?

'''How to include it?'''

I. Comparative institutional histories of how the novelty of a medium has been differently institutionalized (sociological perspective)

II. Histories of ideas about the use and purpose of media and communication technologies across different new media (philosophical)

III. Media metaphors help find insight in unexpected places (creating perspectives)

IV. Narrative, biography, story

'''Examples of different ways to include history:'''

I. Institutional histories: (a comparison across space) the evolution of the internet in the US and Brazil, or (a comparison across time) the US history of the public interest in spectrum regulation from 1921 to present

II. Idea histories: History of the telegraphic idea (i.e. distance writing) embedded in genealogy of technology from sign language to computers

III. Media metaphors: XML (heir to HTML and the code behind RSS feeds and interchangeable online text) that draws grammatical insight from the strict syntax in cuneiform, an enriched genealogy of hypertext linking from Talmudic page layout, and respectful caution from mid-twentieth century predictions about the memex (a portmanteau for a microfilm âmemory extenderâ system).

(feel free to ask Ben Peters to unpack these, especially number 3)

2012-12-12T17:55:24Z

BerkmanSysop: UTurn to 1230768001

On Friday July 20 we are talking about copyright.

Can the group help me fill this out in advance - say in dot points?

Each country may be different in some way - so please lets all get involved.

==Copyright Basics==

History of copyright goes back to years following invention of the printing press â 1709 Statute of Anne gave the right to authors â an âAct for Encouragement of Learning and for Securing the Property to Copies of Books to the Rightful Ownersâ

'''Subject Matter (what is generally covered)'''
*What is it? Books (literary works), Movies, Sound recordings, ...

*Who owns it? Initially, the creator or his/her employer. Creator may assign the (most) rights. Moral rights.

*What economic rights does the copyright owner get?
**Copying (reproduction) -- this happens much more frequently in digital technologies than analog
**Making available (communication, distribution)
**Public performance, display, adaptation

*Moral rights (stay with the creator, even when copyright is transferred and copies are sold)
**Authorship attribution
**Integrity
**Anti-distortion
**Withdrawal
**Reclaim
**Droit de suite (right to follow proceeds of a sale)

How do you use a copyrighted work?
* Get permission, from agreement or law
* User rights: "Exceptions and limitations", e.g., fair use

'''The Law'''
Copyright is strict liability. If you use without right/permission, you're liable, even without intending to.

How do you prove infringement?
* Independent creation is not a copyright infringement
* But... it's hard to prove independence
* Copying may be proved from
** Access to the original
** Substantial similarity

The subject matter protected by copyright law has been expanding with the advance of technologies.

==Hypos==

Are the Chinese Backstreet Boys copyright infringers?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N2rZxCrb7iU

*Copyright owners: Yes, they're making copies/distributing the song. Taking views/money away from the Backstreet Boys.
*YouTube: It's a parody, not commercial.

Would this breach Australian copyright law? criminally?
* distributing?
* infringing copy?
* prejudicial to the interests of the copyright owner?

==Viacom v. YouTube==

'''Viacom:'''
(c)(3)(A)(i),(ii): Actual knowledge and red flag knowledge of infringement. You're advertising filtering technology to content partners. Clearly you know there's something to filter out. Why aren't you using that filtering tech? Repeat infringements of the same material. That shows knowledge.
(B): Financial benefit. "Draw" evidenced by pageviews, external links to infringing materials. Added value to the advertising space, to the share value, reflected in YouTube's sale price.

'''Google/YouTube:'''
We follow notice-and-takedown. The statute puts the burden on Viacom to point out infringing materials. We don't have to monitor in advance of those notices. General knowledge doesn't take us out of the safe-harbor.
You're trying to overturn the legislative balance. U.S. notice-and-takedown is already better than notice-and-notice elsewhere.
YouTube's financial model doesn't draw people to specific (infringing) content; no ads on the content pages.

'''What does the future look like:'''
Google's adsense lets Google make money off others' content. It should be paying those who make the attractive content. Compulsory licensing.
YouTube facilitates free expression and performance. Keep the lawyers out of our culture.
Look at YouTube as a channel.
Entertainment industry dinosaurs always want to kill off innovative technologies. They should be looking at them as new opportunities, like Betamax.
Personal social responsibility.

==Details==
'''EU'''

In the European Union, there are a number of Directives (EU legislative measures) which have been incorporated into national legislation, but some differences between member states are still apparent. The most important is the EU Copyright Directive (EUCD) of 2001: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32001L0029:EN:HTML

Some information on [[EU copyright regime | copyright in the EU]]

'''''Australia'''''

Under the current Australian ''Copyright Act 1968'', it covers two types, namely '''works''' and '''subject matter other than works'''.

'''Works''' consist of the following materials: literary works, dramatic works, artistic works, musical works and adaptations of literary, dramatic or musical works. And '''subject matter other than works''' consists of the following materials: sound recordings, sound and television broadcasts, cinematograph films and published editions (ie typographical layouts) of works.

'''''Canada'''

Canada Copyright Act (C-42):
http://www.cb-cda.gc.ca/info/act-e.html#wwp[http://www.cb-cda.gc.ca/info/act-e.html#wwp],
Recent act changes: June 2, 2007

Copyright excerpt from Canadaâs Media Awareness Network
http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/resources/legislation/canadian_law/federal/copyright_act/cdn_copyright_ov.cfm#wwp[http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/resources/legislation/canadian_law/federal/copyright_act/cdn_copyright_ov.cfm#wwp]

Canadian Copyright law protects creative endeavours by ensuring that the creator has the sole right to authorize their publication, performance or reproduction (section 3(1)). Copyright applies to all original:

â¢ literary or textual works: books, pamphlets, poems, computer programs

â¢ dramatic works: films, videos, plays, screenplays and scripts

â¢ musical works: compositions consisting of both words and music, or music only (lyrics without music are considered literary works)

â¢ artistic works: paintings, drawings, maps, photographs, and sculptures

â¢ architectural works

Copyright also applies to three other kinds of subject matter: performerâs performances (section 15); broadcast communication signals (section 21); and sound recordings such as records, cassettes and CDs (section 18).

Proposed Changes Bill C-60 from CIPPIC: Copyright Revision
http://www.cippic.ca/en/faqs-resources/bill-c-60/#wwp[http://www.cippic.ca/en/faqs-resources/bill-c-60/#wwp]

Canadian Intellectual Property Office: http://strategis.ic.gc.ca/sc_mrksv/cipo/cp/copy_gd_protect-e.html#2#wwp[http://strategis.ic.gc.ca/sc_mrksv/cipo/cp/copy_gd_protect-e.html#2#wpp]

Canadaâs Copyright Guru: Michael Geist
http://www.michaelgeist.ca/#wpp[http://www.michaelgeist.ca/#wpp]

'''''China'''''

Copyright Law of People's Republic of China provides that:

Article 3 For the purposes of this Law, the term "works" includes works of literature, art, natural science, social science, engineering technology and the like which are expressed in the following forms:
(1) written works;
(2) oral works;
(3) musical, dramatic, quyi', choreographic and acrobatic works;
(4) works of fine art and architecture;
(5) photographic works;
(6) cinematographic works and works created by virtue of an analogous method of film production;
(7) drawings of engineering designs, and product designs; maps, sketches and other graphic works and model works;
(8) computer software;
(9) other works as provided for in laws and administrative regulations.
Article 4 Works the publication or distribution of which is prohibited by law shall not be protected by this Law.
Copyright owners, in exercising their copyright, shall not violate the Constitution or laws or prejudice the public interests.

Article 5 This Law shal1 not be applicable to:
(l) laws; regulations; resolutions, decisions and orders of State organs; other documents of a legislative, administrative or judicial nature; and their official translations;
(2) news on current affairs; and
(3) calendars, numerical tables and forms of general use, and formulas.

Article 6 Regulations for the protection of copyright in expressions of folklore shall be established separately by the State Council.

'''''Spain'''''

Under the current Spanish Copyright Act of 1996 the subject matter protected are the original literary, artistic and scientific creations, expressed by any mean or medium, tangible or intangible, presently known or invented in the future, including but not restricted to: books, musical compositions, plays, films and audiovisual works, sculpture, architectural projects, graphics and maps, photographs, software, databases and derivate works.

'''''United States'''''

According to www.copyright.gov/circs/circ1.html#wwp[http://www.copyright.gov/circs/circ1.html#wwp], US Copyright law covers the following:

"Copyright protects âoriginal works of authorshipâ that are fixed in a tangible form of expression. The fixation need not be directly perceptible so long as it may be communicated with the aid of a machine or device. Copyrightable works include the following categories:

1. literary works;
2. musical works, including any accompanying words
3. dramatic works, including any accompanying music
4. pantomimes and choreographic works
5. pictorial, graphic, and sculptural works
6. motion pictures and other audiovisual works
7. sound recordings
8. architectural works

These categories should be viewed broadly. For example, computer programs and most âcompilationsâ may be registered as âliterary worksâ; maps and architectural plans may be registered as âpictorial, graphic, and sculptural works.â"

Also according to copyright.gov, the following things are '''not''' covered by copyright:
* Works that have not been fixed in a tangible form of expression (for example, choreographic works that have not been notated or recorded, or improvisational speeches or performances that have not been written or recorded)

* Titles, names, short phrases, and slogans; familiar symbols or designs; mere variations of typographic ornamentation, lettering, or coloring; mere listings of ingredients or contents

* Ideas, procedures, methods, systems, processes, concepts, principles, discoveries, or devices, as distinguished from a description, explanation, or illustration

* Works consisting entirely of information that is common property and containing no original authorship (for example: standard calendars, height and weight charts, tape measures and rulers, and lists or tables taken from public documents or other common sources)

'''Ownership (who owns copyright)'''

'''''Australia'''''

Under Australian copyright law:

Usually, the creator (author/maker) owns c/r: s35(2)

Exceptions to the rule :

employees (s35(6));

journalists (s35(4));

commissioned domestic or private photos, paintings, drawings (s35(5);

commissioned sound recordings, films (ss 97(3), 98(3))

Where two or more people collaborate in producing a work, it is considered to be jointly authored: s 10(1)

sound recordings: -the maker (the person who owned the ârecordâ embodying the recording): s97(2)

cinematograph films:-the maker (the person who made the arrangements necessary for the making of the film):98(2) Includes director, but only in relation to right to include the film in a retransmission of a free to air broadcast

tv and sound broadcasts:- the maker (the person who provided the broadcasting service that delivered the broadcast): s99

published editions: -the publisher: s100

'''''Spain'''''

Under Spanish law it owns the work the person who creates the literary, artistic or scientific work, however in some cases (collective works) legal entities could own copyright.

'''''United States'''''

US copyright law states that the author who created the work is the owner of the work except in cases of work for hire. Work for hire includes work completed by an employee, commissioned work (like a screenplay), or in any cases in which the work is designated as a work for hire in the contract.

'''Rights Involved (what economic and moral rights exist)'''

In the context of Copyright law of China, Copyright contains two groups of rights, namely economic rights and personality right. However, under the copyright law of Australia and USA, the former group is called exclusive rights of copyright and the later is called moral right.

'''''China'''''

Article 10 of Copyright Law of PRC provides: The term "copyright" shall include the following â¦property rights:

(l) the right of publication, that is, the right to decide whether to make a work available to the public;

(2) the right of authorship, that is, the right to claim authorship and to have the author's name mentioned in connection with the work;

(3) the right of alteration, that is, the right to alter or authorize others to alter one's work;

(4) the right of integrity, that is, the right to protect one's work against distortion and mutilation;

(5) the right of reproduction;

(6) the right of distribution;

(7) the right of rental;

(8) the right of exhibition;

(9) the right of performance;

(10) the right of showing;

(11) the right of broadcast;

(12) the right of communication over networks;

(13) the right of making cinematographic work;

(14) the right of adaptation;

(15) the right of translation;

(16) the right of compilation; and

(17) any other rights a copyright owner is entitled to enjoy.

A copyright owner may authorize another person to exercise the rights under the preceding paragraphs (5) to (17), and receive remuneration pursuant to an agreement or this Law. A copyright owner may assign, in part or in whole, the rights under the preceding paragraphs (5) to (17), and receive remuneration pursuant to an agreement or this Law.â

'''''Australia'''''

According to Copyright Act 1968 (Cth), âunless the contrary intention appears, copyright, in relation to a work, is the exclusive rightâ:

Part III works (s 31):
â¢ to reproduce in a material form

â¢ to make an adaptation eg translate

â¢ to publish

â¢ to perform in public

â¢ to communicate to the public in electronic form

â¢ rental right - only for software

Part IV materials:

â¢ sound recordings and films (ss 85 and 86):

â make a copy

â cause it to be heard in public

â communicate it to the public

â enter into a commercial rental deal â sound recordings only

â¢ broadcasts (s 87)

â make a recording or copy of the broadcast;

â re-broadcast it or communicate it to the public (other than by broadcasting)

â¢ Published editions (s 88)

â to make a facsimile copy

'''''United States of America'''''

The exclusive rights of a copyright owner are set forth in Â§106 of the Copyright Act:
âSubject to sections 107 through 122, the owner of copyright under this title has the exclusive rights to do and to authorize any of the following:

(1) to reproduce the copyrighted work in copies or phonorecords;

(2) to prepare derivative works based upon the copyrighted work;

(3) to distribute copies or phonorecords of the copyrighted work to the public by sale or other transfer of ownership, or by rental, lease, or lending;

(4) in the case of literary, musical, dramatic, and choreographic works, pantomimes, and motion pictures and other audiovisual works, to perform the copyrighted work publicly;

(5) in the case of literary, musical, dramatic, and choreographic works, pantomimes, and pictorial, graphic, or sculptural works, including the individual images of a motion picture or other audiovisual work, to display the copyrighted work publicly; and

(6) in the case of sound recordings, to perform the copyrighted work publicly by means of a digital audio transmission.â

'''''Spain'''''

Moral rights: disclosure, authorship, integrity, modification, withdrawal of commerce, access to a unique or rare copy of the work

Economic rights:

- Reproduction
- Distribution
- Public communication
- Transformation
- Participation (artistic works - % when selling or auction)
- Remuneration for private copy

'''Limitations/Exceptions/User Rights (what rights exist to use copyright material without the permission or licence of the copyright owner)'''

Under Spanish law there are limitations in case of quotation, works about current issues, reproduction and loan in public institutions, official and religious ceremonies, parody. For software, there are limitations in case of corrections, security copies, and interoperability information. For databases, there are limitations in case of extractions for private or academic purposes or public security

'''Infringement (when does infringement occur?)'''

Generally speaking, under Australian copyright law there are two circumstances of copyright infringement and correspondingly there are two types of infringement, direct and indirect.

Direct Infringement:

- occurs when a person who is not the copyright owner does without permission any of the acts within the copyright ownerâs exclusive rights: ss 36(1), 101(1).

- Includes authorising someone else to do an act within the c/r ownerâs exclusive rights - ss 36(1A) and 101(1A) â UNSW v Moorhouse [1975]

- In deciding if authorisation has occurred, look at all circumstances including: ss 36(1A) and 101(1A)

a. power to prevent the doing of the act;

b. nature of relationship with person who did the act; and

c. any reasonable steps to prevent or avoid the doing of the act

Indirect infringement (ss 37, 38, 102, 103):

- occurs when a person

a. imports a copyright article into Australia for the purpose of trade (eg sale, hire, prejudicial effect etc), without the authorisation of the copyright owner or

b. deals in infringing articles

- Must have known or ought reasonably to have known that the making of the article would have infringed copyright if done in Australia

- Exceptions for: sound recordings and underlying literary, dramatic & musical works; books and periodicals; legitimate (non pirate) computer programs

'''When are intermediaries liable for the infringement of others?'''

What is the purpose of safe harbours like those in the DMCA?

Thanks - Brian Fitzgerald

Feedback

2012-12-12T17:55:23Z

BerkmanSysop: UTurn to 1230768001

These are questions to consider, which we'll ask you to answer in paper form tomorrow (Friday)

'''Academic Program â General'''

*How has this program affected your dissertation or the direction of your research?

*What aspects of the program did you find most intellectually stimulating?

*How do you intend to keep in touch with or collaborate with members of the SDP group? Please suggest ways that Berkman/OII can facilitate this processâlistserve, wiki, group follow-ups?

*Are there other tools/resources/activities that you would recommend integrating into next yearâs program?

*Every year, we receive comments that indicate that one of the most enjoyable parts of the program is the time in which students engage, discuss, and socialize among each other. Please suggest ways we can better facilitate interaction, connection and collaboration?

*What are the biggest questions and most innovative ideas that you take away from this year's program?

*How did you find the off-theme meta commentary; are there additional topics you would have liked to include?

*Our goal is to spread the word about the application process very widely by getting word to a broader set of graduate students in our field. How did you hear about the program? How can we increase the reach of this program? Could you help us next year?

*What were your favorite parts of the social program and why? In what ways could we improve the social program for next year?

'''Academic Program â Student Research Seminars'''

*How helpful was the opportunity to present your research?

*How might we improve the Student Research Seminars next year?

*How useful is it to receive feedback from assigned faculty members?

*What type of comments were most helpful to you? (Substantive? Methodological? From your discipline or others?)

'''Academic Program â Faculty Seminars'''

*Which sessions did you find most interesting and why? In what ways could we have improved the faculty sessions? (See [http://www.oii.ox.ac.uk/teaching/sdp/SDP2007_Timetable.pdf here] for the schedule, if you need to refresh your memory)

*Whom should we invite to present at the SDP next year (whether academic, entrepreneur, policymaker, technologist, creator, etc.)?

*How did you feel about the balance and distribution of subjects, disciplines and approaches?

*Did you have all the information and materials that you needed to successfully navigate and participate in these sessions? Are there ways that this could have been improved upon (in addition to sharing the materials earlier)?

*Did you have sufficient opportunity to interact with the speaker? Please suggest ways faculty can make their seminars more engaging.