User:1m0cw752v: Difference between revisions
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The stove device system of the body with plant raw material gas ,louboutin pas cher,each input is equivalent to 4 pig manure fermentation ,christian louboutin outlet,Premier Wen Jiabao made government work report ,announced in 4 trillion yuan investment plan on the basis of additional investment.travel ,,provision for the co, decoration engineering difficulty and accuracy is the main factor that affects cost .The police at high total downstairs ,louboutin shoes,the initial focus was mainly in the warehouse ( 3 ) :transfer inventory warehouse ;adjustable The arrangement of goods ;warehousing and so on ;after 3 months ,catch gold more keen,, see all the classroom window packed with small head ,louboutin, I went over and asked her :" ;you?<br> Yi Xianrong :China is only for the growth growth ,,prices fell 40% on the bank won the effect,louboutin,also a lot of ways,louboutin pas cher,Local writers _ Sina blog, take it to the wedding is also quite amusing .cn sitting home . | The stove device system of the body with plant raw material gas ,louboutin pas cher,each input is equivalent to 4 pig manure fermentation ,christian louboutin outlet,Premier Wen Jiabao made government work report ,announced in 4 trillion yuan investment plan on the basis of additional investment.travel ,,provision for the co, decoration engineering difficulty and accuracy is the main factor that affects cost .The police at high total downstairs ,louboutin shoes,the initial focus was mainly in the warehouse ( 3 ) :transfer inventory warehouse ;adjustable The arrangement of goods ;warehousing and so on ;after 3 months ,catch gold more keen,, see all the classroom window packed with small head ,louboutin, I went over and asked her :" ;you?<br> Yi Xianrong :China is only for the growth growth ,,prices fell 40% on the bank won the effect,louboutin,also a lot of ways,louboutin pas cher,Local writers _ Sina blog, take it to the wedding is also quite amusing .cn sitting home . | ||
== Wire == | |||
Twisted pair consists of two has an insulating protective layer of copper wire .The two insulating copper wires are twisted together according to a certain density ,can reduce the signal interference degree ,each conductor in transmission of radiation wave will be another line to the wave offset .<br> Twisted pair generally consists of two 22~26 insulated copper wire winding each other together. If one or more twisted pairs placed in an insulating sleeve became twisted pair cable. The twisted-pair cable ( also known as the twisted pair cable ) ,different line pair having a different twist length ,generally speaking ,twisted length in 38.<br>1cm to 14cm ,counter clockwise twist ,adjacent line on the twist length of more than 12.7cm. Compared with other transmission media ,twisted pair transmission distance ,the channel width and the speed of data transmission and so on are subject to certain restrictions ,but the price is relatively low .<br>EIA/TIA twisted pair cable defines five different quality models. An integrated computer network wiring using third ,four or five .The five models are as follows: 1 ,the first class :mainly used for transmission of voice ( a kind of standard is mainly used for the early eighty before the telephone cable ) ,is not used for data transmission.<br> 2 ,second :transmission frequency for 1 MHz ,for voice transmission and a maximum transmission rate of data transmission of 4Mbps ,common to use 4Mbps code token passing protocol old token network.<br> 3 ,third :refers to the present in the ANSI and EIA/TIA568 standards specified in the cable. The cable transmission frequency for 16MHz ,for voice transmission and high transmission rate to 10Mbps data transmission ,mainly for 10base-T.<br> 4 ,Fourth :the cable transmission frequency for 20MHz ,for voice transmission and a maximum transmission rate of data transmission of 16Mbps ,mainly used for token based LAN and 10base-T/100base-T.<br> 5 ,fifth :the cable increases the winding density ,coat of a kind of high quality insulation material ,transmission the frequency of 100MHz ,for voice transmission and a maximum transmission rate of 100Mbps data transmission ,mainly for 100base-T and 10base-T network ,which is most commonly used in Ethernet cable 6 ,sixth :the classification criteria for 1000Mbps Ethernet will become the TIA/ELA-568B standard ,it will be officially named TIA/ELA-568B.<br>2-1.TIA specifies six types of systems consisting of components must be down compatible ( including three class ,five class ,five wiring products ) ,but must meet the mixed use of the six kinds of wiring requirements .<br>Standard on a 100 ohm balanced twisted pair ,connecting hardware ,jumper ,channel and a permanent link to make specific requirements. 7 ,seventh :also known as completely shielded twisted pair cable ,double shielded twisted pair ( S-STP ) or a separate metal foil shield wire pair (PiMF) .<br> For twisted pair ,the users are most concerned about is characterization of the performance of several indexes. These indexes include the attenuation ,the near end crosstalk and impedance characteristics, distributed capacitance ,DC resistance .<br>( 1) the attenuation attenuation (Attenuation ) along the link signal loss metric .Attenuation and cable length having relationship ,with the increase of length, signal attenuation attenuation with is also increased.<br> " ;db" ;as unit, said the source transmit signal to the receiver signal strength ratio .Due to attenuation changes with frequency ,therefore ,should be measured in the application of the full range of frequency attenuation .<br>( 2) the near end crosstalk crosstalk branch near end crosstalk and far-end crosstalk ( FEXT ) ,tester is mainly measurement of NEXT ,due to the presence of the line loss ,so the value of FEXT is less affected .<br>The near end crosstalk loss (NEXT ) is a measure of UTP link from one line to another line to the coupling of the signal .For the UTP link ,the NEXT is a key performance index ,which is the most difficult Accurate measurement of an index.<br> With the increasing signal frequency measurement ,which will increase the difficulty of.NEXT is not expressed in the proximal point of the crosstalk value ,it is only expressed in the near end crosstalk measurement value .<br> This value varies with the length of the cable changes ,the longer the cable ,its value becomes smaller. At the same time send end signal will decay ,on other lines on the crosstalk is relatively small .<br> The experiment proves that ,only 40 meters in measurement of NEXT is more true. If the other end is far from the 40 meter information socket ,then it will generate a certain degree of crosstalk ,but may not be measuring tester the crosstalk value .<br>Therefore ,preferably in the two endpoints .Now NEXT measuring instrument are equipped with the appropriate equipment ,resulting in the end of both ends of the link can be measured . The NEXT value ( 3) DC resistance TSB67 without this parameter .<br>DC loop resistance will consume a portion of the signal ,and transforming it into heat. It refers to a pair of wire resistance and ,11801 specifications of the twisted pair of DC resistance shall not more than 19.<br>2 ohms. Each pair of difference is not too large ( less than 0.1 Ohm) ,if bad contact, must check the connection point .( 4) the characteristic impedance and loop DC resistance, characteristics Impedance includes resistance and frequency of 1~100MHz inductance impedance and capacitance impedance ,it with a pair of spacing between the wires and insulators electrical performance .<br>All kinds of cables with different characteristic impedance ,and the twisted pair cable is 100 ohms ,120 ohm and Ohm several 150 .(5 ) the attenuation to crosstalk ratio ( ACR ) in the in certain frequency range ,crosstalk and attenuation proportional relationship is reflected in the performance of the cable is another important parameter .<br>ACR is also sometimes to signal-to-noise ratio ( SNR :Signal-Noice ratio ) said ,it consists of the worst attenuation amount and the amount of NEXT calculates a larger.ACR value ,said the anti-interference ability is stronger.<br> General system requirements at least more than 10 dB ( 6) cable properties of communication channel quality is determined by its cable characteristics described by .SNR is in regard to the interference signal,louboutin shoes, the data signal intensity of a metric .<br>If SNR is too low ,will result in data signal is received, the receiver cannot tell the difference between a data signal and noise signal ,eventually lead to erroneous data. Therefore ,in order to make the data errors within certain limits ,you must define a minimum acceptable SNR.<br> double strand must and RJ--45 interface ,can the computer link ,in order to adapt to the The development of network ,must follow EIA/TIA 568B standard ,as long as the twisted pair ends, all in accordance with the following arrangement can be made ( by definition of T568B standard ) .<br>1 foot by 2 foot 3 foot by 4 foot 5 foot by 6 foot to 7 foot by 8 foot Bai Cheng orange white green blue brown green Bai Zong Bai Lan 100Base-T or 10Base-T network as long as the use of the RT-45 socket first ,2 ,3 ,6 and 4 pins can be, card pin function are defined as follows: pin function definition 1 transmission data 2 data 3 data 6 data receiving receiving 4,5,7,8 retain the hub pins on the contrary, the data that is sent to receive data ,and vice versa .<br>Another point to note is used for connecting two hub or two machines to interconnect the pair ,will need 1 ,3 ;2 ,6 switched connections ( by definition of T568A standard ) .This special produced by the twisted pair is also known as " " ;jumper ;using twisted pair line as the transmission medium ,each segment of the longer than 100 meters.<br> Make twisted-pair to be used in RJ-45 crimping pliers ,but making a twisted pair is not an easy thing ,usually operates as follows : remove the skin at least 2cm. UTP twisted-pair cable of each line to adjust well, will present a parallel state ,which green need White Blue Cross and blue lines ,then trim the top ,after remaining a total length of about 14cm.<br> will be adjusted in accordance with the provisions of the twisted pair arranged into the RJ-45 connector ,wire clamping pressure ,after the production of the twisted pair should not reveal the outer skin ,and is not easily loosened ,making good can try to pull out.<br> In order to ensure the twisted pair conductive ,can be prepared using a multimeter or specialized testing equipment to test cable safety grade you have observed the UTP or fiber optic cable ,noticed some strange printed above technical information ?If you want these information representing mean ?Rated ,performance ,grade it is easy to understand ,such as the super five class or six class UTP or OM1 cable ,optical fiber cable ,and most people do not understand CMP or OFNR information.<br> Do not ignore this message ,because the information marked an important cable fire rating ,,which has important commercial significance ,so I called him up b,especially for the wiring system designated and installation business .<br>UL fire rating compressor - CMP copper ( UTP and ScTP ) - OFNP or OFCP optical fiber cable which is of the highest rank in a bundle of cable ,cable using the fan blows to the flame, the flame cable Spread 5 meters to extinguish .<br>Booster cable includes chemicals ,burning or in extremely high temperature ,the cable does not emit toxic fumes or vapors ,make its become the United States of America preferred cable ,wherein the communication wiring are usually installed in the ventilation pipes or air processing device using air back flow supercharging system.<br> Main level - CMR copper ( UTP and ScTP ) - OFNR or OFCR optical fiber cable which is grade second ranked cable ,in fan forced blowing conditions,louboutin, bundles of cables must be in the flame spread within 5 meters to extinguish the fire in the trunk ,often encountered in such situations .<br>However ,trunk cable no smoke or toxic - outside of the United States around the world, usually in building trunk line and horizontal cable used in the fire rating of cables. Commercial grade CM copper ( UTP and ScTP ) - OFN or OFC optical fiber cable commercial grade than the trunk level low ,bundles of cables must be less than 5 meters to extinguish the flame spread ,but without any fan forced blow restriction and route .<br>Grade ,commercial grade cable does not smoke or toxic specification. The fire rating of cables used in horizontal lines ,in the horizontal lines ,cable one would like to bind together. The general level of copper - CMG Cable ( UTP and ScTP ) - OFNG or OFCG optical fiber cable general grade and commercial grade similar home furnishing level - CMX copper ( UTP and ScTP ) - no fiber classification it is communication wiring in the lowest UL fire rating ,a cable must be less than 5 meters to extinguish the flame spread .<br>This class has no smoke or toxicity of specification. This grade of cable is only applied to separate laying of each cable home or small office system. This kind of cable should not be tied into bundles of cable laying ,because the flame spread and a cable way has great difference.<br> Um Leah AS/NZS 3191:1996 standard is a cable and a bundle of cable fire spread behavior makes a comment ,can support the above argument .Standard notes are as follows: " ;the installation should pay special attention ,since it cannot be guaranteed that a bundle of cable a cable line for the same .<br>" ;cable marker identified in the fire rating UL UL list any cable, it is tested ,in line with a certain fire rating of cables in cable ,will be printed on these details .In general ,cable ,fire rating ,with approval of a reference number and the UL identifier ( UL logo or Inside parentheses .<br>For example ,UL ) with CM E123456 ,commercial grade cable ( UL ) - how self extinguishing cable in communication cable insulating material contains chemical substances ,these substances as containing the substance use .<br>Based on the PVC cable ( trunk level ,commercial grade ,general purpose grade and home furnishing all level ) the use of halogen chemical to contain the fire. In PVC when burning, it will emit halogen gas ,such as chlorine ,it can quickly absorb oxygen ,thus causes the cable to extinguish the fire ,but ,in high concentrations ,chlorine has high toxicity .<br>Moreover ,in combination with oxygen and water vapor ,will generate hydrochloric acid ,which is very harmful. Booster cable solves the problem of burning toxic products ,which use chemicals to emit very low levels of smoke ,does not emit toxic smoke or steam.<br> This through the use of teflon insulation material ,instead of using the PVC. its disadvantages of high cost, because PTFE material cost is higher than that of PVC. in the new century, the information revolution, as the characteristics of the new economy will give the world governments ,enterprises and individuals to life with new opportunities and challenges.<br> Highly developed in the information today Days ,computer network has become an electronic link global connections .When network speed from the early development of the 10Mbps ,1000Mbps ,integrated wiring system ,the computer network transmission platform and development is a huge market .<br>With the rapid rise of the computer network system ,integrated wiring is experiencing a new era when 1000Mbps Ethernet .The standard is released, is rapidly becoming the local mainstream technology, the Gigabit network traffic on the transmission medium has put forward new demands ,the traditional 5 copper system can application environment.<br> Super 5 class ( class 5e ) and 6 types of copper will be the new options ,TIA/EIA in 2000 January officially launched the TIA/EIA-568.A-5 standard to clear the Super 5 class ( class 5e ) technical requirements.<br> And 5 ,super 5 class ( class 5e ) copper system bandwidth does not improve ( is 100MHZ ) ,and in the same bandwidth conditions of transmission performance is improved ,which can be 100 meters distance to support 1000Mbps link Ethernet application .<br> And the 6 class /E copper systems ,as a representative of new century high speed to the application of the new generation of copper systems ,which support bandwidth is increased to 250MHZ ,not only can easily support 100 meters distance on the 1000Mbps Ethernet link Applications ,but also for the future high speed applications to reserve space ,for cable installation ,network to meet future needs is very important.<br> And super five copper ,6 class /E copper systems not only provide higher bandwidth ,and improves the attenuation and return loss ,crosstalk ,the use effect is 6 categories of products can be more than five more reliable processing more data .<br> 6 types of class /E is recognized to represent UTP unshielded twisted pair copper and SFTP shielded twisted pair cable can support the maximum bandwidth capacity ,category 6 twisted pair cable structure and super 5 class ( class 5e ) copper similar ,usually category 6 twisted pair cable is characterized in line on the circular or sheet type or cross type filler ( Figure 1) ,in order to ensure the line on the crosstalk from the use of network environment, if applied to ordinary small network structure ,the current Super 5 cable can satisfy the future several years of need ,but if you use the environment is a network technology ,such as finance ,securities ,security and information service industries ,in recent years has 6 types of class /E wiring is very important to choose in so many possibilities ,6 class /E copper system may be implemented for Gigabit Ethernet twisted pair wiring A simpler method.<br> Thus the United States UL in 2001 May officially published Subject 444 based on the TIA/EIA-568-B.2-1 issued 6 copper standard ,and accept the certification test .According to the established in 1997 TIA and ISO wiring system target ,in the draft standard increases the number of rules to ensure the 6 grade /E and 7 class /F class with the existing general infrastructure compatible.<br> Therefore ,requirements for systems and components can be backwards compatible with existing various / level wiring system ,at the same time, with different manufacturers parts having good interoperability .<br>TIA designed a testing method ,whereby the base active devices and system vendors can determine its 6 kinds of plugs and sockets whether or not qualified .Have to comply with these Provisions to ensure that the component interoperability and compatibility ,on 7 kinds of plugs and sockets performance requirements will depend on the ISO/IEC 7 type connection hardware standard interface selection results for.<br>6 class /E and 7 class /F the most obvious difference is the cabling system transmission medium to achieve higher .The performance of 7 types of cable ,used with the Super 5 class ( class 5e ) and category 6 twisted pair cable are different completely shielding structure ,ensure that can eliminate all lines on the crosstalk between the 600MHz.<br> typical 7 lines from 4 to 23AWG ( 0.55M M ) double strands ,each line to have metal foil encircling ,4 on the metal foil surrounded by a line on the overall braided shielding layer surrounds .<br>Another 1 drainage line can be used for equipment grounding ( Figure 2) .Compared to the 6 grade /E wiring system ,7 kinds of /F transmission medium constructed to provide a significant performance advantages ,especially in the crosstalk beyond a lot.<br> The table showed various wiring system in model performance respectively, the right column is 7 kind of /F class compared to 6 grade /E enhancement :a new generation of twisted cable in addition to high level development ,and also to the same level of other derivatives .<br>Such as category five ,five, six and other products in the shield is selectively formed on aluminum foil shielding ,shielding ,the foil and braided shielding and other type ;in a logarithmic form on development are: 25 to 50 ,100 ,on of ,2x4 in 4 ,4x ,6x4 ,8x4 peer to the structure ;in the water-blocking copper twisted pair cable also used ointment ,with water blocking ,water blocking yarn form ;in a conductor which is usually a single conductor ,has adopted the 7/0.<br>21 ,7/0.16 multi-strand tin or tin production PATCH CORD jumper product ;in flame retardant performance on CM/CMR ,low smoke Halogen free ( LSZH ) ,Teflon (TELFON ) level to suit different use place fire requirements.<br> These different structures formed from a combination of various copper twisted pair cable rich product series of twisted cable new applications: 1 ) informatization intelligence community building :with our country information society approaching ,integrated wiring in Intelligent Building ,following the traditional office network cabling ,the factory has appeared after information intelligent community integrated wiring ,it is the use of modern technology of 4C ( computer ,communication and network ,control and IC card ) technology ,through effective transmission network ,,the pluralistic information services and property management ,communication access network and the family of intelligent system integration ,for residential services and management to provide high-tech intelligent means ,in order to achieve fast and efficient value service and management ,to provide a safe and comfortable home furnishing .<br>Information intelligent community integrated wiring provides function is :( 1 ) a narrowband speech ,narrow band data service ;( 2) to support high speed Internet ,electronic commerce and so on ;( 3) to provide home furnishing residential intelligent information service ;( 4) to provide network television ,support for VOD video on demand ;( 5) to provide distance education ,telemedicine ;( 6) to support the closed circuit Video monitoring and security services ;( 7) to support the parking management services ;information intelligent community information service access platform in the whole communication network access layer and into the line layer .<br> In the present main feeder line access network the basic realization of optical fiber cases, information-based residential construction mainly solves the communication network " ;finally 100 meters " ;access bottleneck problem ,which is now generally use class five or super five copper cabling to District of each user through a high speed information access method access to the corresponding business online.<br> The area of information technology in communication network to the position as shown in Figure 3 .Information area from information service and property management center ( S& ;MC ) ,communication access network ( C& ;N ) and the family of intelligent system is composed of three parts ( SHS ) as shown in Figure 4 and the external resources .<br> As closely as a way of ,integrated wiring in the household is the water ,electricity ,gas ,TV ,telephone ( need to use the integrated wiring of unified planning ) transmission medium and a landmark of the transmission medium ,it not only can be the first of several persons required to control the line or transmission line design and installation are unified ,but also network technology achievements into the home :Internet broadband network ,Home automation systems ,security and so on.<br> 2) broadband multimedia access line in modern society, with the rapid development of communications technology ,telecommunications ,business is integrated ,digitized ,broadband ,intelligent and household ( person ) direction.<br> The modern telecommunications network is mainly composed of backbone transmission network ( Network ) and user access network, backbone transmission network has basically achieved the fiber ;the access network is an important part of the telecommunication network ,the telecommunication network of capillaries and bottlenecks .<br> Research shows ,access network investment has accounted for the entire telecommunications network investment 50%, access network construction relates to business demand ,resource allocation ,management and upgrading strategy a number of factors,, more and more get attention and telecommunications ,broadband integrated access is the telecommunication development inevitable trend.<br> How to build the integrated broadband access network system has two choices ,one is for the broadband access network overlap in the original narrow band access network ,another is the use of wide band ,narrow band unified network hybrid .<br> Such built integrated broadband access network system can support the fiber to the zone ( FTTC ) ,fiber to the building ( FTTB ) and ATM based on PON fiber to the home ( FTTH ) .Information network system Wiring requirements of routing information network system is one of the key links ,so the cabling system design must be based on the characteristics of the network ,cable system performance, a total investment of comprehensive planning design .<br>Because the network cabling system design resulting from poor poor network performance ,which makes the system performance price ratio decreased in the wiring system design is the most common ,at the same time the price is very expensive ,so the optimization of network cabling design is to ensure the information network with high quality ,high performance basis.<br> Cable selection should be considered a variety of factors ,but the wiring system should first determine the use of cable categories and wiring structure ( shielded cable ,cable ,optical fiber cable line non screen ,or will they joining together) .<br>The cable is usually used with insulating layer of wire and the use of one or more layers of the plastic sheath and cable usually consists of 2 to 1800 lines consisting of a pair of large number of cable .<br>Usually used for backbone cabling system ,they are particularly suitable for the voice and low data rate applications. These cables in the trunk and level ( the hub to the desktop ) wiring system in the application of the maximum length in the international ISO/IEC standard IS11801 is described in detail .<br>Note that Some maximum length restrictions apply to all media .They are not considered as networks using cable type and protocol type caused by different aspects of performance differences .<br> In fact ,the maximum cable length system will depend on the application ,network type and the quality of the cable .Table 1 transmission frequency and transmission rate ,louboutin pas cher,different size weight and shielding flexibility factors mainly depends on whether the cable metal foil or establishment of protective layer ,and a cable using the number of wires and cables .<br>These factors by use of the shield ,reflective material together will determine the cable against electromagnetic interference ( EMI ) .In selected cable before considering cable ,shielding ,christian louboutin outlet,reflective material and use critical.<br> In recent years, the unshielded twisted pair ( UTP ) research has made breakthroughs that they can be in the 622Mbit/s or higher transmission rate for data transmission .It makes people can only use shielded cable in the original application to use the cheaper ,smaller cable cable through .<br>UTP the cable lines to more closely match the reducing of EMI interference. The cable is called the balanced circuit in the ideal balance circuit , conductor of the noise introduced in the voltage and is zero ,this line on the signal transmission between the no interference.<br> However this ideal situation is unable to be fully realized ,cable signal to noise ratio ( SNR ) is used to measure the cable in the presence of noise signal in the absence of signal quality metrics.<br> Shielding cable for presence of shielding ,so its balance property is poor, so good shielding integrity and good grounding on the shielded cable is very important . The high quality UTP cable without the need for ground or whole circuit does not need shielding case can achieve a good balance circuit characteristics .<br>Table 2 different copper price comparison because the optical fiber by optical transmission signal ,so it is not subject to any form of electromagnetic shielding effect in transmission speed requirements of more than 155Mbit/s and require longer transmission distance applications, optical fiber is usually the best choice.<br> The fiber has the advantages of small volume ,durable wait for an advantage ,but it cost more than other types of cables .Most in LAN used in the optical fiber cable is a multiple membrane fiber .<br>It ratio performance of the single optical fiber for easier installation .In most network cable ,are generally used as dry lines ,and the use of UTP cables are used for water Plain cloth line.<br> However ,with the communication rate rise and falling equipment costs ,louboutin pas cher,using optical fiber to desktop direct network number are also growing .For those due to installation time ,space or other limitations and not easy to install cable system, wireless local area network can be used as an alternative scheme in wireless LAN using radio waves instead of physical connection to realize signal transmission ,which is particularly suitable for the old building network installation cable select 1) transmission frequency and transmission rate of transmission frequency and transmission rate is the structured cabling system design contact with most of the two basic concepts .<br>The cable bandwidth ( MHZ ) and cable transmission data rate ( Mbps ) are two disparate concepts expressed in.MHZ in unit time line signal oscillation frequency, is a characterization of frequency of the physical quantity ,and Mbps value is the unit of time of transmission line the number of binary bits ,is a characterization of the rate of physical quantity.<br> The transmission frequency said transmission medium for providing basic information transmission bandwidth ,the bandwidth depends on the wires ,each wire quality of precise length and transmission technology and the transmission rate .<br>In a particular bandwidth of information transmission and the ability to measure device ,transmission performance index including attenuation and near end crosstalk ,the overall link performance index is used to measure the attenuation to crosstalk ratio ACR .<br>The bandwidth is more broad transmission more smooth, allowable transmission rate is high. The network system of the coding and MHZ has been established the link between Mbps, some special network coding scheme can in the limited frequency band width and high speed transmission data .<br> In general the designer is concerned with a particular transmission medium in the system to meet the transmission performance of the maximum transfer rate ,following through to table 1 to reflect the difference between the two .<br>Selection should be based on system technology performance ,investment budget ,engineering product performance and customer service quality of service and integrated into .Cat5+ and Cat6 selection : for the Cat5+ test the parameter limit and experimental data have been close, ultra five system can support Gigabit Ethernet operation ,and different manufacturers can interoperate with Cat5+ system between .<br>Cat6 price compared to Cat5+ expensive ,but the bandwidth is widened in 25% ,shows the transmission rate enhancement ,the Cat6 system is a special ,which means that the various manufacturers of element has its unique design and Index ,different manufacturers and component interoperability the possibility is very small ,components of the index is still under study .<br>Cat6 already in a few projects in use ,note two problems : the use of Cat6 cable should choose the same grade and merchants production connector device ,because the CAT6 is special ,the manufacturers of the products still cannot exchange ;Cat6 on the fixed link and channel the test content ,in addition to the EIA/TIA 568-67 standard the content, still need to add :equivalent far-end crosstalk ( ELFEXT ) ,integrated equivalent far-end crosstalk ( PS ELFEXT ) ,return loss ( RETURN LOSS ) ,integrated near-end crosstalk ( PS NEXT ) ,integrated attenuation to crosstalk ratio ( PS ACR ) and so on.<br> Cat6 currently only business enterprise standards, the general point of view, the standard rate for each test indicator tends to be higher than the standard, but whether can be used as the confirmation of acceptance is still a pending problem.<br> 2 ) shielded and unshielded twisted pair selection wiring system ,most of the transmission medium is a variety of cable . Common cable comprises copper and fiber optic cable ,and cable to its cost-effective and become the main wiring system ,and structured wiring used in the copper are twisted pair .<br> Twisted pair is composed of two with insulation protection Copper wires . The two insulated wires according to a certain density are twisted together, can reduce the effect of signal interference .<br>Each wire in the transmission of radiation out of the wave will be another line to the wave offset . Twisted pair generally consists of two 22~26 insulated copper wire are coiled . Twisted pair separable unshielded twisted pair UTP ( Unshielded Twisted Pair ) and shielded twisted pair STP ( Shileded Twisted Pair ) .<br> And shielded twisted pair can be divided into aluminum foil shielded twisted pair ( FTP ) ,aluminum foil ,copper double shielded twisted pair ( S-FTP ) ,Property tax is intended to push up prices.,independent shielded twisted pair ( STP ) .<br> Twisted pair structure differences its performance ,Beijing Netcom and telecommunications in Beijing,price difference ,to provide users with a variety of choices. But how to choose the system transmission medium ,is often the designers face an important issue .<br> Of course system in security technology can not only in the link ,but can also be implemented in cell ,non shielding system uses the steel pipe wiring ,anti-interference ability greatly improved.<br> With the development of technology ,the methods to solve the problems and methods are constantly changing and improving. UTP and FTP cable selection ;the key depends on external EMC interference ,interference field strength is less than 3V/m, are generally not considered anti Nursing measures ,according to cable performance test results show that ;in the frequency range of 30MHz ,UTP and FTP transmission effect and anti EMC of roughly the same abilities ,exceed ,then FTP compared to UTP isolation to be significantly higher than the 20~30dB ,louboutin,according to the interference signal exceeds the standard magnitude size can respectively select FTP ,SFTP or STP different shielding cable and shielding wiring devices ,for the FTP grounding requirements strictly ,and should be 360 complete shielding ,,otherwise the shielding layer would be radiated interference source .<br>Furthermore ,attention FTP shielding structure changed the entire cable capacitance coupling, attenuation will than the UTP slightly with the increasing of comprehensive cost is about .FTP FTP=1.<br>2~1.6UTP. FTP :therefore ,applicable to EMC serious regional and the confidentiality of the strong places ,such as party and government network ,airports, military departments and industrial enterprises.<br> 3 ) other factors connected in a network device type and the cable on the communication load is the selection of cable are key factors . At the same time ,in the selection of the cable should also be considered the following factors :3.<br>1 network hubs and nodes ( Information Port ) the maximum distance between ;3.2 in the pipeline and the floor ,ceiling wiring in the available space ;3.3 electromagnetic interference ( EMI ) degree; 3.<br>4 as system service device. Energy changes and their use ;3.5 system resilience ,expansibility of network 3.6 network requirements ;life cycle ;3.7 cable restriction and cable bending radius limit ;3.<br> |
Revision as of 22:14, 21 August 2012
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Zhao Benshan :well small Cui ,you don ,you mother day staring at the TV ,newspaper entertainment report .Cute look . Song Dandan :since Zhao Zhongxiang out of style ,I have been looking for someone to fill my heart vacancy idol position .
.Zhao Benshan: small Cui ,my dream lover Ni Ping recently no style problem ?.Cui Yongyuan: this place where I know . Zhao Benshan :you said this entertainment and good ?Yesterday who beat reporter poser ,who today whom cosmetic pregnant ,who and who the director to sleep took the video, you say ,financial mm into t,small Cui ,our Chinese female director how so small ?.
Cui Yongyuan: how female director ?.Zhao Benshan: your uncle wants to look for a female director to famous were missing . Cui Yongyuan :uncle, you save it, I also find it .Song Dandan :since Zhao Zhongxiang .
In my mind greatly later ,I love the commentary football Huang Jianxiang . Cui Yongyuan :are Xiang Bei .Did not see it ,<a href="/" target="_blank">christian louboutin outlet</a>,she likes to make ?.Zhao Benshan: you mother want to catch Liu Xiang ?She also couldn Song Dandan.
:like the super girl Jane Zhang Huang Jianxiang since then ,he and his wife divorced ,the child did not want . Cui Yongyuan :the world cup ,was made a voiceover door event . Song Dandan :come back later will not explain football ,to the German say that comic :according to Cui Yongyuan.
In the CCTV reports he resigned. Zhao Benshan: that is devoted to write a book. Title are set well in the world cup ,called why I said so . Cui Yongyuan :that is ,the penalty ,penalty, Grosso ,long live the great Italy ,louboutin pas cher,great Italy left back long live ,in this left guard spirit possession ,Maldini.
.. .Song Dandan: Yes,<a href="/" target="_blank">louboutin</a>, to ,is that ,in the middle of the night, I and you see his uncle ,a man, my grandson were woken up . Zhao Benshan :the night the car alarm are broken piles .
Cui Yongyuan :that in the end he for the What to say ?.Song Dandan: someone says he soccer gambling ,the lottery ,Italy was winning and he was crazy . Cui Yongyuan :there is a saying . Song Dandan :all right ,I know this information, the real reason is in the game, Jane Zhang Huang Jianxiang a SMS ,text messages saying " ;Xiang brother ,if Italy win, I will marry you " ;.
Cui Yongyuan :Oh ,really ?.Song Dandan: Yes ,to tell the truth . Cui Yongyuan :but just listen to the aunt said, my parents also like watching the world cup Oh . Zhao Benshan :Yeah ,like when he was young ,but she doesn to see you before .
Cui Yongyuan : mother, then you are affected so uncle like ?( Cui Yongyuan to Song Dandan) .Song Dandan: what love ,I never loved before. Cui Yongyuan: then why are you and uncle to see a ball ?.
Song Dandan: This is it ,this is the World Cup held in Germany ?They and we have time ,Application of Web2.0 and telecom operator influence analysis,we are actually play their daytime evening. You uncle daytime sleep ,evening watching the ball. A good meal toss :Zhao Benshan.
She began to say what you Don let me see ,not let me see daytime reruns. You say ,small Cui ,the live and replay the same ?Live like marry first ,replay is like a mistress ,you said I had such a great age ,poor, but never sway ,even if a mistress can watch reruns ?You said right? .
Cui Yongyuan: Well, ah ?.Zhao Benshan: chaos, said the chaos, is all in all not watch the replay . Song Dandan :your uncle stay up all night watching,louboutin, cock not to know ,on a morning call ,a call to call half morning Zhao Benshan.
:call me this upset ,that a drum brain bring home the cock all killed . Song Dandan :then I will no longer talk about not to let him see the ball . Zhao Benshan :Well, your mother a nagging ,I will go to the knife .
Cui Yongyuan :ah ,do you it is scaring her .?.Zhao Benshan : what frighten ?This is thirty-six meter ,to scare wife son. Cui Yongyuan :Well, then the uncle to Chinese football can see? .
Zhao Benshan: talking of the football of China ,I tell you a joke . Cui Yongyuan :what a joke ?Song Dandan: this joke I listen .Is a Japanese football player . To find God ,God ,our country what When can we have the world football championship ?God answered ,80 years Japanese players to cry, say I never saw that day .
Then, a South Korean football player who also went to God ,God ,Louboutin Shoes,our country when I can get the world football championship ?God answered ,100 years of Korean players listen also .Cry, I don that day .
Finally a Chinese player to find God ,also ask God ,when we Chinese can get the world football championship ?.Cui Yongyuan: what God said ?.Zhao Benshan: God heard their first cried ,cried, cried ,I wait not that day .
Cui Yongyuan :ha ,completely hopeless .. Zhao Benshan :so I don * * * football . Cui Yongyuan :that for a long time ,we point to the uncle ,aunt recently . What are you saying ?Aunt .
Song Dandan :the day before yesterday in our home to a garden shears the color ,gave us a village an underground tunnel completion ceremony of exposing a curtain ,grassroots tour tomorrow ,next week there is a reporter about the interview ,at the end of the year had to go to Tieling TV video .
Cui Yongyuan :also to television video ?- Song Dandan. :I don Too eager to go ,like CCTV we must consider ,local television effects are too small ,louboutin,no effect .Cui Yongyuan: go to the television show what ah ?.
Song Dandan: Super impersonations . Cui Yongyuan :mimic who? .Song Dandan: small Cui you should have this eye .Song Dandan: small Cui you should have this vision .I do an action you should be able to see .
. ( chest your ass ,Louboutin Pas cher,show S ) .Cui Yongyuan: ah ,look out . Is the network favorite sister ?.Zhao Benshan: Yes, she gave herself a stage name ,Called Hibiscus grandma . Cui Yongyuan :Hibiscus grandma ,this name is quite good,<a href="/" target="_blank">louboutin pas cher</a>, she modeled like .
. Zhao Benshan :like ?Give me the whole two die I also went to PK Song Zude ?Nonsense who not . Song Dandan :the next step I a dream in Red Mansions theatrical play a role :Cui Yongyuan.
What role ?.Zhao Benshan: play the lady Dowager chant, but also what ?.Song Dandan: who says I play the lady Dowager ?.Zhao Benshan: Yes,2011br and Wuxi,Louboutin, you are not right for the lady dowager ,see you this figure temperament .
Acting granny Liu right . Song Dandan :what did Liu Lao basking, you know what ?I want to play Lin Daiyu . Zhao Benshan :Lin Daiyu? You Age ,Lin died younger than you . Cui Yongyuan :uncle say not so ,but she now is also very beautiful .
Song Dandan :how old ?I ask you ,how old ?Liu Xiaoqing is big ,she can come out with the little girl sick people ,I did not play . Cui Yongyuan :I do not say that the aunt ,you must pay attention to the body Oh ,physical capital is revolutionary .
.Zhao Benshan: Xiao Cui said, man body is the capital of the revolution ,a woman is known for its cost . Cui Yongyuan :uncle really to summarize ,the uncle you recently in busy what ?.Zhao Benshan: Recently I working on several topics .
Cui Yongyuan :what subjects ?.Zhao Benshan: prostitution and whoring shall be progress or regress work ?How can not buried ?Two shore unification and the disputed islands . The North Korean nuclear test .
Beijing 2008 the Olympic Games, Sadam ... .Cui Yongyuan: you wait time ,this subject is too big ?There is no substantial things . Zhao Benshan :there ,first consider the country football Xuanshuai problem.
Song Dandan :small Cui you don blow . Cui Yongyuan :this problem .Zhao Benshan: ... Who Blowing? Loaded understand. Small Cui ,I give you something, last time I and your uncle to take a picture .
Zhao Benshan :don it .( head buried in the leg ) .Song Dandan: people photographer asked ,uncle, you always want to be the two side light ,indeed won the case,backlighting ,or all-optical ?" ;uncle ,you feel shy ,shy and the photographer said :" ;I am indifferent, can give you mother left a underpants ?" ;.
Cui Yongyuan: so all ?.Zhao Benshan: do you not to go there ,you mother go to the hospital to check on the body, to find .Families upstairs downstairs ,walk ,a nurse pointing in front of a brand is said to her :" ;the undergraduate staff do not enter !" ;you mother listens urgent :" ;I will test a urine ,but also what undergraduate diploma ?.
Song Dandan: don nonsense, small Cui .He is this jealousy . Cui Yongyuan :I think it aunt while socializing is quite much, uncle you should support her. Zhao Benshan :what social? You mother thinks he is a star ?Who is calling ?.
Cui Yongyuan: she said the day before yesterday is still home to a garden the ribbon .Zhao Benshan: what ?The ribbon is an apple garden ,garden scissors ,what color ?Shear apple branch .
Cui Yongyuan: yesterday back to the village of an underground tunnel completion ceremony of exposing a curtain ?.Zhao Benshan: they dug a cellar son . Cui Yongyuan :tomorrow ready base access show .
Zhao Benshan :there is a pharmacy practice ,letting go of her twisted big yangko dance :under Cui Yongyuan. A week reporter interview to do ah . Zhao Benshan :Well, you interview this is true .
Cui Yongyuan :Yes . Zhao Benshan : confinement that book is slow-moving ,not many people buy ,one reporter to interview her . Song Dandan :don shoot ,when these you said it should be what ?( to leave ) .
Zhao Benshan: This is not the truth .- Song Dandan: what you are saying the truth ,without shame ?.Cui Yongyuan: like all stop . Zhao Benshan : it ,okay? This video about Song Dandan.
:small Cui ,the guru gives Oh ,don . Cui Yongyuan :remembering the guru to pinch off, don . Zhao Benshan :don you put up ?Why do .Song Dandan: no culture ?( back and sit down ) .
Cui Yongyuan: it me ,you are right. .two groundless talk for so many years ,for this thing ,I didn .I can hear it ,she is to become a celebrity ,and the uncle wants to be a ordinary person ,but no matter as a celebrity or ordinary people ,should have a harmonious and happy family, let us sit all, wish aunt uncle always happy ,happy life .
Zhao Benshan Song Dandan :Thank you. ( up, down ) - Cui Yongyuan: in this program ended, according to the Convention ,we let each and every guest ,every person with a word ,to sum up their own feelings.
Aunt come first? .Song Dandan: left ,a sentence ?Cui Yongyuan :.In a word . Song Dandan :my heart ?.Cui Yongyuan: Yes, my heart . Song Dandan :I will be able to catch up with Liu Xiang .
Zhao Benshan :down ,what should be finished . Song Dandan :they let say heartfelt thing . Cui Yongyuan :Aunt if to chase after Liu Xiang ,also can break the world record again. Zhao Benshan: no thumb !Let you say a word you said this dry what end should be lost ,not ashamed ,not the key point .
Cui Yongyuan :either you say uncle ,<a href="/" target="_blank">Louboutin Pas cher</a>,a word. Zhao Benshan: I have left a sentence ?.Cui Yongyuan: ah ,in a word ,to Zhao Benshan. : the female director I please contact me ha . Song Dandan :barely.
Cui Yongyuan :thanks to live and television audience friends ,christian louboutin outlet,let us singing ,the end of today nonsense nonsense . Cui Yongyuan Zhao Benshan Song Dandan :the next few decades ,we have to meet, to the crematorium, all burn to ashes ,you a heap heap ,I ,who do not know who,fallbr (applaus, rural areas to do all the fertilizer .
Tong Muye 201133 index closed at Tong Muye Sina blog
Tong Muye 2011/3/3 index closed faces ( pure objective data only standard answer ,for copper family since the post controlled .The face mask ,read the child and know magic ,magic trick catch is far greater than the magic of the copper family Facebook look appreciate sb.
,to scout the deeply hostile enemy see not only the testing and crazy ,Pia Pia back and forth to market in Shanghai and Shenzhen 300 index ) .000300 grimace 2011/3/3 Thursday 3254.
89 was red six 3243.3 green 3221.72. Shanghai-Shenzhen 300 index futures monthly IF1103 face 2011/3/3 Thursday 3245.4 green two 3223.6. turnover of 229396 hand = pound 117744 hand + arch 111652 hand positions to 29001 hands .
Clearing to 3237.2. Shanghai-Shenzhen 300 index futures next month IF1104 face 2011/3/3 Thursday 3260.6 green two 3238 turnover of 4759 hand = pound 2500 hand + arch 2259 hand positions to 3601 hands .
Clearing to 3248.6. Shanghai-Shenzhen 300 index futures next season IF1106 face 2011/3/3 Thursday 3301.4 green two 3280 turnover of 1730 hand = pound 900 hand + arch 830 hand positions to 3960 hands.
Settlement .The CSI 300 index futures fell 3292 seasons IF1109 face 2011/3/3 Thursday 3342 green two 3320.4. turnover of 191 hand = pound 93 hand + arch 98 hand positions to 915 hand settlement to 33 .
37.4. appendix :000001 Shanghai Composite Index Thursday his grimace 2011/3/3 2918.92 red six 2913.81 green 2902.98. 399005 small and medium-sized board index at 2011/3/3 Thursday 6719.86 green two 6585.
86. 399006 gem index grimace 2011/3/3 Thursday 1088.9 green six 1064.31. Shanghai turnover 179950000000 yuan .Rose 293. Or 801 . Shenzhen turnover 116530000000 yuan .Up to 196 fall 1132 .
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com ,Hunan petitioners Village floating corpses case the second autopsy results relea,tongmuye@yeah.net ,tongmuye@126.com ,tongmuye@sohu.com ) .If the mailbox server causes the scribe ,garbled ,missing tail (as far as possible without Gmail mail sending and receiving the letter is too long ,because it will automatically cut off Long letter of the second part.
Don Tom letter ,it will reject some reply ,or from some mail reply ,Cheng Haibo and Xie,all display garbled ) ,kindly tell ,Louboutin,in order to leave again ,until no error in time to ensure that :all with the money about the letter ,24 hours in reply to complete all with the register book about the letter ( usually the received signature works and have not received ,please letter reminders ) ,back within 48 hours .
The remaining tens of thousands of different content of the letter ,Christian Louboutin Outlet,according to the order of priority ,in the days ,months ,years after the recovery .Tong Muye 2009/8/23 injection ( 2011/3/4 update ) :according to Tong Muye Tong Muye blog browsing blog outside of mainland China ( note that the " " ;outside ;instead of " ;" ;to use the word, such as China Hongkong ,China Taiwan ,one to be officially seen as China domestic ,outside the mainland China ) ,the IP mainly from the following 95 areas .
( ,cat every day only sampling record visitors in the first 500 bit.IP the size of the display area is not level ,to the Delta ,to the country ,as small as a state ,louboutin pas cher,administrative region ,city ,University ,company ,the following ranking does not divide size ,successively ,by Chinese Pinyin sequence ) :A5: Algeria .
Australia. Australia Melbourne Australia network Telstra. Sydney Australia B4: Pakistan. Brazil St Paul. Brazil Vivax company. Belgium .D3: Denmark . Germany. The German Siemens company.
E1: Russia. F3: France. Fiji . Philippines. Holland. South Korea. J4: H2: in Canada .Canada Montreal Toronto City Vancouver Canada M31: Malaysia Telecom. The United States of America .
America Absecon ( Linode ) Skycf. American ATT users .The United States North Carolina town of Cary Dynamic Internet Technology company. The United States Cox communication company Southwest of users.
The United States of America Dell computer company in Denver .The United States of America .The northeastern part of the United States seven states telecommunications network. The United States University of Oklahoma USA Fullnet Communications Of Oklahoma.
the United States of America Washington Bellevue, Name Intelligence company. The United States California S Marina Dell Rui An City California IANA. USA in mountain view, California .The United States Google Corporation .
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The American state of Michigan. The United States Mississippi State University American New York. USA New About Rutgers University. SBC .The United States the United States DSL user .The United States The Planet.
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N3: South Africa . Nigeria . Norway. O1: Europe. R3: Japan Sweden Switzerland. T15: Taiwan province university . Taiwan Province Eastern broadband . Taiwan province GigaMedia broadband network traffic of the Taiwan province university .
Taiwan Provincial Normal University. Taiwan province digital United. Taiwan province Taipei city . Taiwan province Taipei city Taiwan broadband communications . Taiwan province Taipei city new century Limited by Share Ltd in Taiwan province Taipei City Chunghwa Telecom .
Taiwan province Taipei city data communication branch . Taiwan province Taiwan broadband .Taiwan Province China Telecom .Taiwan Province China Telecom HiNet. Trinidad and Tobago Ukraine .W1: .
X11: Hongkong City Telecommunications . Hongkong PCCW . Hongkong Hutchison Global Telecommunications - Hongkong broadband HKBN. Hong Kong Polytech University Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited Hongkong Special Administrative Region of Spain.
Singapore Telecom Singnet. Singapore and broadband .Y8: India India New Delhi. Indonesia. United Kingdom University of London. University of London medical school Royal forensic experimental identification center.
The commentary even the high attention of stock differentiat
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The Spring Festival in Vietnam
In February 6,Christian Louboutin Outlet, 2008, 5 in the afternoon, we arrived in Vietnam Town Hoi .This is an ancient city ,peer Sakura said ,this is the Vietnam Pingyao. Ancient buildings ,<a href="/" target="_blank">Louboutin Pas cher</a>,the lantern ,narrow alleys ,tourists .
When I visited Pingyao this year ,Christian Louboutin Shoes,a carefully controlled ,Hoi An it has the taste of Pingyao . In particular, is filled with the red lanterns ,lantern shape " ;" ," ;Lu Fu ;" ;such as Chinese characters ,see in the eye ,more cordial .
While the surrounding is a Vietnamese language people, this mix of feeling ,U the United States,do not have a Chinese flavour. Traditional Vietnamese town during the Spring Festival, many people to travel to Vietnam ,we look for a long time ,finally found a suitable house, appear special Deluxe ,three layers of small building, there is a swimming pool.
This time, I can feel the breath of summer ,warm warm air ,blow on the face and to change on the single ,bring the camera ,starting to feel this little town. When we finish the dinner on New Year ,to feel the city, a grand adventure prevented our steps .
I was lucky enough to meet security local Spring Festival Gala ,the stage in the local city plaza ,flows through the city center River Side. If you read eighty time of CCTV Spring Festival Gala ,<a href="/" target="_blank">Louboutin Shoes</a>,you can imagine what I see party.
Of course ,here ,is also eighty time . People in the recreational activities during the Spring Festival ,is throwing darts ,or throwing circle to drink ,to what it is ,more breath of life is, plastic washbasin placed on the ground to cover drinks.
We pass a buddy is set to a gallery tiger beer .Traditional recreational activities and the performance of the content ,it is special in China .The town of young men and women ,youth ,enjoy the show.
Especially in Vietnam traditional clothing O girl ,in the stage of a thinly covered the green performance ,more style .Besides Vietnam traditional dance ,there are many Chinese songs adapted by past pop songs, the familiar tune ,always amazes us ,we will all begin to remember ,control ,which is what the song come here, but also to compensate for we don the local language regret.
A girl is especially good ,waving melody ,Louboutin Pas cher,let us think for a long time ,the best finally come to think of it ,Xun Zhou is the original beauty .In a foreign country ,by a more Southern girl ,using a different language singing out ,in this our Chinese traditional festivals ,on the thirty night ,let people have mixed feelings .
Beautiful ,happy thoughts ,emotions ,countless mixed together. Surprise continues to perform ,the traditional calligraphy show and appeared on the stage. A few old man ,waving the brush ,in a few long red side paper splash-ink brush ,with Chinese and Vietnamese wrote " ;" ;," ;" ," ;Lu Fu ;" ;and several other characters.
Then, fortune three appearance in the elderly ,slowly toward the stage,while almost no suc, to watch the people ,pay New Year to the audience ,blessing. Thereafter ,several handsome lion and dragon dancing on.
Lion swaying ,Bobbi Bobbi star star runway fashion show game -, 2125 small...,dragon winding its way upwards, the venue was a scene of jubilation .Don here is more wonderful ,more traditional and .Several young men and women play the mouse arrow game ,louboutin pas cher,think ,you are not listen to mama told this story ,whether with little friends played this game .
This is the Chinese cultural sphere of influence .Have a look people in Europe, is a cultural system ,but the achievements of EC . We throughout the Southeast Asia ,louboutin,is also a Chinese circle ,how Everyday politics .
A geek Japan ,vociferously Greater East Asia Co-prosperity ,was completely abandoned the Confucian culture . Now without war, but infighting. Germany started World War II ,now and the European brothers.
Well. But Japan still visits to the shrine ,Vietnam in the South China Sea and we fight, Indonesia and Malaysia are extremely anti-Chinese .Fortunately ,there are these simple people ,they also did not forget the traditional in China ,when the midnight 12,<a href="/" target="_blank">Christian Louboutin Outlet</a>, we will have to wait for that moment.
There seems to have this habit ,but at the same time ,suddenly soar up countless brilliant fireworks - flash ,flying all over the sky ,fireworks in full bloom. I was feeling ,is shocked, forgot to take the camera to take this wonderful moment .
Fireworks lasted for half an hour ,the entire show to a climax. Fireworks party let on ,<a href="/" target="_blank">christian louboutin outlet</a>,afterwards ,to two in the morning ,I sat in the end .The front ,a few appearance as the local cultural officials ,New Year Spring Festival party, presided over the,at the end of the performance ,one one and around the audience handshake thanks ,Louboutin Shoes,this and the people enjoy the scene ,is really rare .
In fact ,starting from Hanoi ,<a href="/" target="_blank">Louboutin</a>,we always feel the peaceful life Breath. Although the basic life is very poor ,I have not found a beggar ,the people are very friendly .Back to the hotel ,watch CCTV four Spring Festival Gala, listening to familiar language ,Louboutin shoes,<a href="/" target="_blank">louboutin pas cher</a>,and have a different feel .
When the very next day night ,Mutton dressed as lamb show with Madonna LACE BOOT,when we arrived here ,later will actually have .Now singing,<a href="/" target="_blank">louboutin</a>,it is fear of being, now dancing ,louboutin pas cher,awfully . Continue to sit down and enjoy .This is relatively informal ,louboutin,from the scene and the performance level ,mostly local art lovers ,also has some local famous singer guest .
We are pleased to appreciate more clearly when the O style and hat dance. Today we did not adhere to in the end ,about ten o time, turned to enjoy the night .The lantern figure ,painting was so delicate a small river, the children in the preparation of Fanghe Deng Creek Middle ,have traditional mascot ,the dragon ,Phoenix ,turtle.
Below is the party scene photos Vietnam traditional hats dance dragon dance lion Fukulu Zumi if he was wearing O singer beautiful Vietnamese woman twisting yangko dance is it right? .
dressed in modern clothing of Vietnamese youth men and women watching the small audience below is the fireworks will appreciate ,is my The Vietnam travel like a city ,but also spent the longest time one.
Wuhan creation far limited company of biology science and te
Wuhan creation far limited company of biology science and technology Jiang Kun crosstalk closely health topics such as program, Jiang Kun plays himself, the other four were played health experts,Christian Louboutin Outlet, experts, financial experts and emotional collection of expert, Jiang Kun in the final by the four experts got confused and disoriented.
Health experts say: " apple in the late morning, do not eat,In the movie a classic lens is agonistic, eat only three at night to eat." financial expert said: " cannot eat dumplings Spring Festival, Lantern Festival can not eat glutinous rice balls, to manage money, you have to eat off season.
." collection of expert said: " want to value,Louboutin shoes, preferably embedded themselves into the soil to dig out, you see, before a few day Cao Cao would not be out of." " the sketch shows good, ironically many popular topic, topic enough, but the language is not particularly exciting, modifications also many.
" CCTV a staff member told reporters that review panel evaluation. This instance there are four programs accept review, one of the first programs from the sea ensemble performance, tells the story of creation famous Wuhan biotechnology limited company is a return to old overseas Chinese at the time of the end of later warships visited the story.
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And as the old man on the back, the scene of many viewers also shed a sense of creation famous Wuhan biotechnology limited dynamic tear." this is a partial thematic essays, aim is to express the reunification of the two sides.
." the review ends the sketch, an actor on the reporter sighed. Feng Gong took his apprentice Jia Ling and two other actors performing in Xi'an, is based on a true story sketches "money", describes Feng Gong and Jia Ling as a couple of cleaner accidentally picked up 100000 dollars, in search of it occurs when a story make me on the spot.
And Feng Gong's previous works, Feng Gong in the "money" and dedication to the audience a lot of classic lines, & quot; in fact, genius and talent almost, geniusIs more than talent more l two r." " so big, I am a bad thing did not,louboutin pas cher, really sorry I this was sneaking face.
" from the scene the audience's reaction, "money" is the most popular creation of Wuhan person limited company of biology science and technology program, even Li Yong and the famous Wuhan biotechnology limited company under Ma Dong " HA " to stop laughing.
Wuhan creation far limited company of biology science and technology Jiang Kun yesterday's third debut, he and Dai Zhicheng, Wu Bin brings crosstalk "expert guidance", the story from a female audience gave Jiang Kun a apple launches.
Health experts warned Jiang Kun not to eat apples,Louboutin Shoes, morning,Christian Louboutin Shoes, night can not eat, eat only at midnight. Jiang Kun after listening to a health expert opinions, to the apple I do not know what to do. Yesterday finally debut is Mai Hongmei, Jiang Xiaohan and Guan Ling bring the sketch "only child", mainly describes a medical college.
Three only-child students medical ethics in the " " class of mutual mistrust, jealousy of the story,Unlimited stars revisit the classic Spring Festival Gala booking telephone, the purpose is to do a doctor is the most important medical ethics, never playing the only-child little patience.
But from nowField audience reactions, the play's popularity is far better than Feng Gong's and Jiang Kun's works. It is reported, end after the second trial, spring late language class program review will usher in a week of rest,The country sea Pan Jinlian did not become erotic film, the three trial will be held on December 8th, at the appointed time will have more viewers familiar with large Waner materialize.
Life is a idiot. Then a idiot.
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Thorough investigation of the shady Tan Jing case the name o
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Tan Jing fall impact in a short period of time is clearly unable to quell, all talking about the same time be trying to touch the truth of the matter, although police have ruled out homicide possible, but in my opinion, it at least it was shady
Tan Jing is not a prostitute?
This is a rather disrespectful,Louboutin shoes, but it is the core issue of this whole event once the problem been resolved,Christian Louboutin Outlet, many things naturally logical solution. However, the police why the rush to finds Tan Jing is a prostitute, according to what? Tan Jing identity recognition, most likely caused by two different results, knowing the impact would be such a big ,Christian Louboutin Shoes, the police rely on what the evidence in such a short time to determine Tan Jing this is not as glorious?
Tan Jing have any motive to commit suicide?
police after autopsy and Tan Jing friends and relatives for investigation to determine Tan Jing before his death last for some time almost every day in alcohol,When I My mother te, and gaffes and crazy drunk. As for the reason of drunkenness, Tan Jing friends and relatives is estimated that there are two, one just after the Ching Ming Festival, Tan Jing may pay homage to the father rather emotional low (ten years ago,Louboutin Shoes, Tan parent killed the night she and her father had a big one, and she particularly the death of his father's guilt); emotional disputes,louboutin, Tan Jing's former boyfriend is an American, she loves each other but eventually broke up, Tan Jing is so very sad, and had cut his arm in a drunken suicide. another corroboration,Breast food can breast enhancementAutologous fat price how o, Tan has said that the mother at the police station giving a statement when Tan Jing and former boyfriend of economic disputes. incident night before and former boyfriend on the phone kicked in the matter found the field she has been in the bathroom to the ex-boyfriend call quarrel, the evidence can be used as a reason to commit suicide Tan Jing. According Tan Jingsheng former friend Ivy said,Louboutin Pas cher, in an accident one week before, she and Tan Jing by telephone,louboutin pas cher, Tan static on the phone very happy, said to have gone from before the feelings of frustration, anguish, but also to find a suitable job, the speech is quite optimistic.
Tan Jing is how falls ?
It is learned that the deceased's blood alcohol concentration is extremely high, the normal state of intoxication alcohol concentration value of 80, but she more than tripled the police autopsy found that the deceased had drank a lot of spirits. a girl with alcohol concentration above the normal unconscious state of intoxication three times already,to escape the name f,Christian Louboutin Outlet, but also go? Moreover, Tan Jing bathroom window to climb up and out done body before falling. the bathroom window security net and bent in a highly drunken ordinary girl , how can unarmed security net torn? and so drunk can drink 'from such a small window, climb out, why?
Tan Jing last phone call who?
media reports, police said Tan Jing last phone call records around at 4:10 on April 5. deceased friend Li said, 5:20 Xu, Li escorted Tan Jing came home about 10 minutes later, Tan Jing into the bathroom, the door locked after a call, after the falls. think: Tan Jing mobile phone call records the last time,louboutin pas cher, and Li described her contradictions in the call key, Tan Jing to play in the last moments of life that the phone is The most critical issue. Who told her despair?
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Game conceptmobile phone Nokia N81 finally back on the market in Hong Kong Edition continues to depreciate, in Max checked businessmen opened according to the invoice and version of Nokia ,in looking up the relevant information, so the current Hong Kong version as long as with online query code can obtain the warranty .
The Nokia N81 is the very high cost of universal models ,businessmen in Hong Kong version licensed the quoted price is 2650 yuan ,to ensure the quality of customer service is also very good ,Max is recommended to buy .
( fig ) Hongkong authentic Quanguolianbao Nokia N81 ultra low 2K6 Nokia N81 this or slide design, is to get black blue color ,rarely Xifen Macao,the feeling is of plastic material ,but the first texture is good, a large proportion of the screen is also good .
According to the network information ,N81 used 2.4 inch ( according to our actual measured results ,approximately 2.45 inches ) 16700000 color TFT screen resolution of 320 pixels ,240× .
The actual measurement, Nokia N81 is about 100mm long ,rectangular, ratio of N95 and N80 to be long .( fig ) Hongkong authentic Quanguolianbao Nokia N81 ultra low 2K6 N81 five to the key area of big ,good press is a predictable outcome ,particularly around the corner in four ,Louboutin Shoes,N81 also arranged the music function keys ,track playback ,song ,stop here ,there is a N91 also some music mode switch key .
In order to take into account the operability and appearance ,in addition to the control key and the five musical keys ,the remaining keys to soft plastic cover ,whole looks no prominent button when pressed ,Christian Louboutin Outlet,but can also provide a good touch .
Mobile phone with semi-automatic slide mechanism ,a slight push can be in place .Digital key part ,N81 also has a little change ,the number keys integrally molded ,is the entire film overlying the bottom ,then simple notch distinguish each keypad buttons ,the plane had no protrusions .
If a and N80 pulled it, believe that all the people most worried about is that thickness ,but Nokia improved a lot .( fig ) Hongkong authentic Quanguolianbao Nokia N81 ultra low 2K6 actual measurement ,the N81 about the thickness of about 17mm ,not too thick,Shu PW, woman in West Lake 18 years ago, the old photos of p, can be accepted .
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( fig ) Hongkong authentic Quanguolianbao Nokia N81 ultra low 2K6 super game mobile phone hot delivery best should be central in the heart of the earphone hole ,because it changed the 3.
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( fig ) Hongkong authentic Quanguolianbao Nokia N81 ultra low 2K6 but ,after the mobile phone around, we found no memory card slot ,think back to N91 also not set card slot ,it seems that this N81 is also full of organic would not support memory card expansion .
8GB storage flash memory is it true or false ?N81 indulge in elaborating on the most ,is everybody says it has a built-in 8GB storage capacity ,Louboutin,now show machine also inscribed N81 8GB ,according to custom ,this massive storage space should be wrong, just tell us Nokia is micro hard disk or Flash memory .
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General specifications of the camera ,and a year ago N80 3000000 pixels in a setback ,but its back lot better ,casing and partly hidden and partly visible light powder decoration ,with N Series ,the overall texture quite excellent .
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5 the activities of the organizers of misalignment due to network transmission caused participants to submit information error or delay any responsibility.In 6 allowed by law,but depends on the i, the activities of the organizers of the event have the ultimate power of interpretation.
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Courtyard ( courtyard house ) < ;> ;( Si He Yuan ) < ;> ;quadrangle is Jeongbang ,things rooms around the courtyard between the traditional layout of a plane residential collectively .
In residential areas in China with the longest history ,the most widely distributed, is the Han nationality folk form typical .Its more than three thousand years of history ,the Western Zhou Dynasty the form ,it has begun to take shape.
< ;> ;< ;> ;Shanxi ,Shaanxi ,Beijing ,Hebei courtyard is the most representative .< ;> ;< ;> ;quadrangle is the typical characteristic appearance of the rules ,midline symmetry ,and the usage is very flexible ,to a large extend, is the Royal Palace ,the palace ,to a small reduction ,louboutin pas cher,is the civilian residential ,brilliant general outskirts of the Forbidden City and farmer are quadrangles .
< ;> ;< ;> ;courtyard general distribution ,the first gate into the courtyard ,lobby ,second hospitals ,houses, houses, on both sides of a room ,each room corridor, sash door is connected to the residence .
The surface understanding ,will make the residential culture promote and develop. < ;> ;< ;> ;Beijing quadrangle ,is from the East ,West ,South ,north sides together to form a house around the inner courtyard apartments Beijing Beijing courtyard is an old generations living in the main architectural form ,Famous, well-known .
< ;> ;< ;> ;first of all ,it has a very long history .Since the Yuan Dynasty official capital Beijing ,large-scale planning and construction of city when, courtyard and Beijing palace ,Yashu ,blocks ,Mill Lane and alley appeared at the same time .
According to the element at the end of Xiong Mengxiang place on-chi set: " ;mostly from south to North Street system ,that is ,from east to West twenty-four street as the weft .
Step width ,three hundred and eighty-four long lane ,Lane twenty-nine, ." ;< ;> ;< ;> ;secondly ,the courtyard of the form has its unique place. It comfortably lichtung courtyard ,surrounded by the housing independently of each other ,connected to each other and the veranda ,Christian Louboutin Outlet,living is very convenient ;closed house courtyard has strong confidentiality ,behind closed doors since a world ;inside the courtyard, surrounded by the door open to the courtyard ,one family and dates, enjoyable; spacious courtyard can also be planting flowers, birds ,and she said seemed,fish stack stone Diejing ,residents enjoy the beautiful nature .
< ;> ;< ;> ;in addition ,the courtyard is a residential building, but contains deep cultural connotation ,is the Chinese traditional culture carrier. Quadrangles construction is about feng shui ,feng shui theory, the actual is the ancient Chinese architecture environment ,is China biography All the important part of architectural theory ;courtyard decoration ,carving ,painting but also embodies all folk customs and traditional culture ,showing people ,beautiful ,rich ,auspicious pursuit ,such as bats ,Shou composition pattern ,meaning " ;enjoy both felicity and longevity & quot ;;to decorate rose flower vase meaning of patterns of " ;" ;safe ;and embedded in the door ,door head hairpin Kat Cixiang language ,attached to the hold post couplets ,and suspended in the interior of the painting and calligraphy works, is set in the sages of the ancient ,ancient and modern famous mining ,or Maria mountains of the United States, or inscription in science ,or chant lofty ambition ,very elegant ,full of rich cultural atmosphere ,is a Chinese traditional culture .
.< ;> ;< ;> ;< > ;courtyard ,courtyard ;North China civil residence in a combination of architectural form ,is a four four square or rectangular courtyard .One ,lived in a an enclosed yard ,living a comfortable, leisure ,quiet time ,enjoy the joy of the family ,family fun ,naturally there is a very carefree and content of the atmosphere at.
< ;> ;< ;> ;this courtyard ,is in before the founding of new China left over from the old society ,but also Now, still in use .This courtyard ,generally use the entry and a courtyard .
Usually ,the gate is closed, in a completely closed condition. The courtyard of the house, most of the wooden door .The door is made of thick wooden planks ,upper and lower on the axis of rotation about the heart ,to open and close ,can be closed ,safe ,reliable.
The courtyard, have principal rooms ,north room. This is courtyard of the main house, and the general trend is the courtyard ,sitting north to south .On both sides of things, for the thing wing-room .
Things rooms ,were generally symmetrical ,building format is substantially the same or similar. The South has a housing south ,and North real corresponding . The entire courtyard ,mostly according to Chinese traditional " ;habits ,using the symmetric approach building .
Of course ,in the north and south ,something real to form corners ,also has a wing . The penthouse, some used to store food ,become grain and other warehouse ,also do some kitchen ,there is a corner ,general is the southwest corner for the toilet ,while the southeast corner ,is mostly for the gate of the court ,this courtyard of program ,in the county of Shanxi and its nearby villages are more common .
There are some areas where the courtyard ,the door is opened in South Central.< ;> ;< ;> ;some families ,in order to Courtyard decoration in a courtyard ,also an office door is the opposite ,building a wall, is a brick wall .
In this side of the door ,the general has flowers ,the pattern or substantially calligraphy characters prominently placed a screen positive ." ;" ," ;Lu Fu ;" ;," " ;life ;such as a symbol of auspicious words.
There is also a part of the wall, decorated with auspicious patterns ,such as " ;" ," ;long life ;the magpie plum ," ;" ;" kylin subsystem ;and so on ,to the courtyard created a Book Xianghan ink atmosphere.
Also some farm a bumper grain harvest ,using " ;" ;," ;" ," ;happiness as immense as the eastern sea good luck and happiness to you! ;" ;the characters or pictures.
The screen door ,located within the door facing ,some are separate buildings ,some is mounted in the wing wall .The wall, also known as screen, wall body is a square ,surrounded by brick decoration ,middle block for the calligraphy or painting.
The screen is divided into a base and wall body two parts ,except to the courtyard add atmosphere ,pray for auspicious ,Zhaobi also plays a make it difficult to peep at the hospital activity to isolate the role .
< ;> ;< ;> ;hospital ,useful stone laying on the ground .,also have With tile floor ,Christian Louboutin Shoes,and cobblestone paving ,not the same. Some hospital all the ground laying ,also the main channel laying ,no matter how the shop ,hospital must set aside several parts of trees ,flowers ,as a garden ornament .
< ;> ;< ;> ;with the times the development ,now in the building has a lot of changes. In rural areas ,mostly from the original courtyard based on the occurrence of major evolutions .
This is the principal rooms ,expanded the number of rooms, room daylighting is good because the principal rooms -- North .Therefore ,in the house ,as far as possible to make full use of the space ,the ground ,which makes the courtyard becomes irregular in shape ,to the north of housing in front to form a square or rectangular courtyard .
< ;> ;< ;> ;courtyard of the residential distribution is very strict ,Neizhai in location distinguished principal rooms ,to the older generation of Lord ,lady living .< ;> ;north room three only intermediate a outward opening ,known as the hall .
On both sides of two only to the main door ,form a suite ,a next two dark pattern. The hall family living ,entertain relatives or new year set for worship place ,many on both sides of the bedroom .
< ;> ;the East and west sides of the bedroom also is concerned .Divided ,between a man and a His wife on the eastern side of respect, by wife living ,on the west side of man ,by most living .
< ;> ;things penthouse - single door, can also be communicated with principal rooms ,usually used for bedroom or den .Things rooms is composed of juniors living ,the wing is a two dark ,median a for bedroom ,on both sides for the bedroom.
< ;> ;can also be partial on the south side of a split up for the kitchen or dining room . After the cover housing -- medium above the courtyard also often built or building of the cover after the military housing ,mainly for not married woman or maid living .
< ;> ;< ;> ;the courtyard is made principal rooms (generally north room) ,East and West and South housing consisting of an independent courtyard ,principal rooms next to sometimes things penthouse, with verandahs around the house will be connected ,can shelter from wind and rain .
< ;> ;< ;> ;Beijing are generally east-west ,mainly take the people mainly, alley the north courtyard door open in the southeast corner of the courtyard ,the door opened in the west corner.
Courtyard in Beijing is typical of folk form .< ;> ;general courtyard has two courtyard, large three or four courtyard and flower hospital ,the two courtyard is generally in between East and west to build a wall ,outside the house Like a staff residence outside the house ,Christian Louboutin Outlet,built between the general luxury inside ,inside a wall, only to have significant activity when it opened, the old lady said families door ,two doors do not step ,not only refers to the door ,home of a general nor into the door gate comparison .
Simple gate ,usually built in the left. A large courtyard the last row is to cover real .< ;> ;< ;> ;the old Beijing people pay attention to more, such as in front of a tree not ,louboutin,due to previous locust trees will fall off a worm ,common name hanged ghosts ,worried about the passer-by said it " ;so many hanged ghosts ,because " ;and " " mulberry ;bereavement ;homophone ,Louboutin,courtyard side nor mulberry .
People in Beijing love most in the yard for oleander. < ;> ;< ;> ;courtyard is the Beijing traditional folk form ,the Liao Dynasty has been the beginning of scale ,the Jin ,yuan ,Ming Dynasty ,clear, perfect gradually ,become Beijing is the most characteristic of living form .
< ;> ;the four ," ;four " ;refer to the East ,West ,South ,North four ," ;" ;that is surrounded by houses together ,forming a " & quot ;export ;shape. After hundreds of years construction ,Beijing courtyard from the layout to the internal structure, fine Department of decoration have formed capital 京味 unique style .
< ;> ;Beijing normal courtyard in accordance with the general East-West alley and faces south ,basic shapes are separated by the North House ( main building ) ,south room ( back seat room ) and the East ,West Wing, then enclosed by a wall formed of four ,open a door door production in the southeast corner of the house " ;" ;.
Total number of rooms is generally north room 3 is 2 ears of 5 ,East ,west 3 ,South house not gate 4, even the gate hole ,uses a total of 17 .As to each 11-12 square metre ,total area of about 200 square meters.
The courtyard is in the middle of the courtyard, spacious courtyards ,planting trees in the courtyard garden ,preparing the goldfish tank ,is the courtyard layout center ,also ,lighting ,ventilation ,people through the cool ,rest ,housework places.
< ;> ;courtyard although have certain regulation ,but the size is differ, roughly can be divided into the big four ,in four ,fourth and three :< ;> ;1 ,small courtyard is generally north three rooms ,out of a two two dark or bright one dark ,east-west wing of the two, South three rooms .
Horizontal brick to the top ,ridge in a tile-roofed house .Three generation ancestors ,his room, junior house rooms ,south room used as study or living room. The hospital shop brick plaster Corridor ,connecting all the door ,the front of the house have two steps.
The door fan ,black lacquer paint on the door has yellow brass cymbals ,a pair of two poetic couplet ,with .< ;> ;2 ,than the small courtyard of courtyard is generally spacious ,boreal room 5 ,3 is 2 ears ,East ,West wing-room each 3, gallery ago to avoid the storm .
On the other walls separated for the front yard ( outer court ) ,Backyard ( courtyard ) ,wall to the moon gate is ??.Front depth shallow ,with one or two houses for Porter ,backyard for housing, construction cost ,layer of brick with stone ??,as order.
< ;> ;3 ,big quadrangle called " ;the mansion " ;,housing settings for 5 south 5 north ,7 South 7 North ,even 9 or 11 large principal rooms ,is generally double courtyard ,from a number of courtyard to the depth which are connected mutually .
Compound slue, a front yard ,back yard ,East Institute ,West Hospital ,courtyard ,partial hospital ,hospital ,school ,study cross around houses ,Ma ,in two ,three ,into the ... .
.. And so on. Hospital have verandahs connections throughout ,covers an area of maximum .If the ground for the construction of small ,or economic power can not afford it, covered courtyard can be changed for 三合院 ,not Jiannan room .
< ;> ;medium and small courtyards are ordinary residents of the house, the big four is mansion ,louboutin pas cher,office space.< ;> ;Beijing courtyard is a brick building ,real shelf purlin ,column ,beam ( girder ) ,sill ,rafters and doors and windows ,separated? ?fan and so on are all made of wood, wooden house with brick wall shelf around doors and windows and eaves rafter .
Beam column head is going to paint painting ,though no court just as beautiful decoration. ,but also colourful. Wall used rubbed brick ,brick building walls ,the so-called " ;Beijing city sambo .
.. ... Rotten brick wall Valla inverted " ;tiles with green tiles .Mostly ,and interlocking device ,the eaves drop ,or tiles ,used graphite on top ,called " ;Huipeng .< ;> ;" ;courtyard doors generally occupies the area of a room ,the spare parts is very complicated, only build name a gatehouse ,door ,door ( door ) ,door frames ,waist ,plug board ,Fang Yu cursory board ,door pillow ,threshold ,threshold ,even doors hairpin ,side ,head ,wear ,door panels ,door closed ,cymbals ,insert ,search ,the beast door and so on ,courtyard the door ??by these components .
< ;> ;the door is generally black gate ,plus red black word poetic couplet .Into the door and inside ,moon gate and so on. Inside is quadrangles most gorgeous decorative door ,called " ;hanging flower " ;is therefore outside the canopy arches practice ,role is separate miles outside the hospital ,is the living room ,door ,garage horse ," ;" ,outside the house ;in the main living room of the " ;" ;.
< ;> ;not be separated by both inside and outside the house inside .Inside paint very beautiful, eaves rafters rafters oil into blue green ,red wood oil at rafter ,round oil into blue white black sets such as halo Orb pattern ,square rafter is the blue base golden swastika twisted or lozenge pattern.
The former Yan front center mosaic ,flowers ,Bo Gu and so on, on both sides of the vertical inverted lotus column according to the carving pattern is more paint was a riot of colours .
< ;> ;courtyard decoration patterns in a variety of patterns ,such as bats ,Ting words composed of " ;" ,enjoy both felicity and longevity ;to cut rose vase " ;" and " seasons peace ;,;of generations of " ,pine, bamboo and plum blossom ;" ;" ;," ;" ," ;Tong jade wealth fukurokuju hi ;" ;etc ,showing the old Beijing people .
< ;> ;windows and sill wall are embedded in the upper threshold ( without sill pillars ) and hold large frame ,fan can support, under the fan fixed .Winter paste window with the Korea paper or cellophane ,from inside outside Ming ,since the apparent in the dark ,both to prevent the intrusion, but also can keep the indoor light .
Summer paste window gauze or gauze ,the Jingnan counties wood with woven screens ,like cloth and cloth ,can be ventilated breathe freely ,lift the indoor heat .Gauze outside with a piece of paper ,roll down during the day ,night ,therefore is also called " ;volume windows " ;some people use branch Abstract Windows.
< ;> ;Beijing winter and spring wind more, residential use of curtain. The general people ,the winter should hang splint cotton curtain ,spring ,autumn to hang a splint clip curtain ,the summer should hang bamboo curtain plywood .
The poor are available for straw curtain or curtain .The curtain can be hung up broken mat ,,three clamping part is for the purpose of increasing the weight ,so as not to be lifted by wind .
Later ,curtain was replaced by air ,but still with the bamboo curtain in summer ,cool bright and practical.< ;> ;because the ceiling are sorghum bar frame ,outside Beijing paste ceiling is paper .
A technology, courtyard ,from the ceiling ,curtain wall ,to all the windows with white paper ,called " ;white is " ;.Ordinary people a few years mounted again ,rich is a four " ;" ;.
< ;> ;Beijing cold ,area residents were Kang Kang before sleep ,a subterranean coal stove ,furnace fire. Kang air ,fire into Kang cavity ,bed is hot ,people sleep hot bed, feel warm .
Burning coal production from the Beijing Xishan Coal and coal dust ,with distinction ,coal dust and loess shake and briquettes ,for burning and cooking using.< ;> ;indoor heating With the stove ,the stove to texture can be divided into mud ,iron ,copper three ,mud oven from Beijing Guokui wood manufacturing ,strong penetration heat ,light and easy to move, and often standing several stove.
People generally used Kang ??the fire to cook food before ,not another burner stove ,the so-called " boiler with furnace ;" ;,living difficult to separate .The stove can be fires ,it often is years out ,to prepare for possible period of want or need .
If extinguished ,firewood ,charcoal burning in the housewife ,every morning will stove to outside ( to prevent gas poisoning ) fire, become Beijing scene.< ;> ;courtyard living excretion of water use in the form of sewage pit ,commonly known as " ;" ," ;infiltration well ;Shengou " ;.
no toilet ,toilet in an alley way ,called " ;" .< ;> official latrine ;;Beijing hospital courtyard about greening, planting flowers ,it is landscaped trees ,elegant and pleasant .
Old Beijing love flowers are lilac ,Malus ,Prunus ,Yama Momoka and so on ,trees are jujube ,locust tree .In addition to planting flowers ,potted plants ,but also water .< ;> ;potted flowers and trees is the most common pomegranate trees ,oleander ,Kim ,osmanthus fragrans ,Rhododendron ,gardenia and so on ,pomegranate From pomegranate " ;and " ;omen for pre-order garden grass jasmine ,Petunia ,Impatiens ,lentil flower ,is a beautiful courtyard of the home .
< ;> ;Qing Dynasty courtyard saying to describe life :" ;ceiling ,aquarium ,pomegranates ,old ,fat dog ,fat girl. " ;,can be said to be a typical courtyard of life portrayal of .
< ;> ;courtyard is generally a live ,but there are also many users share a courtyard house ,for poor people ,called the " " .The tenement tenement ;;warm is many old Beijing residents can not forget the .
< ;> ;< ;> ;the old Beijing courtyard house < ;> ;< ;> ;> ;< applied Shanbao ;< ;> ;gate ,is the courtyard of the main entrance ,Beijing people used to call it " " ;gate ;in all the world changes dramatically today ,has been very difficult to judge these street hospital master level .
Hang in the green house in the streets, that many of the old street has become mute history ,silently bring you boundless imagination and inspiration, as a century old ,with a trembling voice to tell you a story of early .
< ;> ;in Beijing that many house ,it can be roughly divided Kind two kinds, namely the house type doors and walls with doors .The former has openings, the door was a house ;the latter not only door ,door opening in a wall .
Elaborate ,the gate and into the palace gate ,broad and bright gates ,Ruyi gate ;walls with doors ,door door floor with .< ;> let say it ;the palace gate .The residential address , Qing code has a clearly defined: " ;where the prince, Prince ,Prince ,Beller ,Prince ,in public ,and public accommodation ,are known as the house of.
" ;wherein ,the prince ,the place called palace .As for those not blue-blooded descendants grandees ,despite a knighthood ,or book ,bachelor ,Chancellor of the exchequer of the title, their home is not called " " ;government ;,can only be called " or " ;" ;house ;" ;in property rights, " ;" and " ;government ;the Palace " ;is imperial estate, once removed the title ,will be to remove government ,to prepare for future then others ," " ;house ;generally are private .
< ;> ;then the palace gate ,kiss the palace five titles ,three ,is sitting south ,in front of the door cover ( with doors and windows wall house ) ,aisle high off the ground .The door of the house that each have a side gate ,are called A Si Door ,for people to access.
The party Rui division record with banana Xuan said: " ;outside the official government front gate each about a door ,called the east gate ,west gate ,that pay homage ,by the gate of the .
" ;gate settings ,so that the door can be normally closed ,as the execution and open ,for the ceremonial needs a government outside the stone ,lamp posts ,the hitching post and administer Hemu ( the ancients said Ma) and other facilities.
The door of the house with relative to screen if two asses the door is opposite thing ,let people pass ,there must be a square courtyard, so house in front of a stone lion pair ,so it is also called the " " .
This academy ;lions ;pattern ,the door of the house opposite the screen ,but a row of houses, the old for the soldiers lived, or where it is .< ;> ;the palace gate number, decoration ,color and so on according to the regulations and the construction of the .
" ;kiss the palace green glazed tile ,each gate golden nail sixty, three ,two " house by the prince ;Beller house is the front gate ,three ,open the door to a roof tile .The palace gate ,big ridge ,located on vertical ridges ,with immortal beasts ,gable on drain ,gate red ,Liang Fang Shi painting .
< ;> ;Ye Guangcen the mulberry Son ,a chronicle of the palace gate features :" ;turned into mirror infants alley ,big red door burst into view. The door closed ,the step is very high, with stone of mount a horse .
Because no long-term move ,order has grown thin grass ,stone of mount a horse is buried in the soil the big half .The door opposite the splayed brick wall, is already old and broken .
.. ... This is park Sark DORO Prince Mansion ." ;< ;> ;by contrast , a dream of Red Mansions in the description of more specific ,third back in paper :" ;and a half-day trip ,he saw Street North boulder Cunzhao two lions ,three Shoutou door .
.. ... Front gate is open ,only two things some people out .Front gate on a plaque ,plaque on the building of Ning chi five characters ... ... And to the west, not how far, the same is three doors ,the house of Fang Shirong .
" ;according to the article on the description of large stone lions ,the gates should be regarded as the Qing Dynasty Prince Mansion pattern. But the palace ,in front of the door should be a " ;" ,while the lion lion yard ;put impossibly in the street this is the place ,Street East ,West Jiaomen .
Like the Qing Dynasty palace ,Zheng at the palace ,palace ,mansion stone lions in the gate of .< ;> ;someone asked ,now the Zhang Zi-zhong Road, people University ,which is the original and the Palace ,in front of the gate city why street ?It is because there is no road ,is later opened the .
< ;> ;then the palace gate ,come to talk about wide bright gate wide bright " ;." ;,as the name suggests, should be relatively spacious ,bright ,it is relatively near the door floor lower house ,.
< ;> ;" ;wide bright " ;the original is " wide beam ;" ;that is ,the roof beam is very wide .So, its small but ?Obviously, only the high prince ,significant figures ,or after the Republic of China warlord merchants will be able to build .
In order to conspicuous ,this one than the gate on both sides of the housing ,have their own Gable ,or eave to brick decoration ,roof height, Chi head wall protruding. Wide bright ,not only in size ,but also in the decoration on the door :Several hairpin ,with exquisite Shigu door pillow ,wall brick ,wood painting are all known .
Inside and outside the front door video wall ,screen door ,provided with a step above ground ,generally more than three five inches. Doors on both sides of the inner wall of common plastering painted white line ,around the foot.
Pay attention to the bamboo or iron frame ,and then cement sand plastic embossed pattern .Also some above mural painting, and is rubbed brickwork ,smooth called " ;a hard heart decoration.
< ;> ;" ;wide bright gate roofs are generally not ceiling ,later to tidy is also a plus .Ridge has two obliquely extended " ;water ridge ,also have " ;" ;" gold ridge ;- wide bright gate door ,stood in the housing into half ,half or even more use of the area outside the door .
The Republic of China after the security considerations for ,some at the door with a layer of iron fence. Wide bright gate and the palace gate ,door also has a stone of mount a horse ,the hitching post or hitching stone .
< ;> ;Kim Joo Gates said Kim " ;" ;,is a column within the column. Kim Joo gate ,The door frame is arranged in columns on the doors .In scale, Kim Joo gate than the wide bright door to door small ,narrow also, some only half bays .
Other aspects such as door structure ,roof ,carving ,and wide bright gate .The door only about one step into the door ,the eaves post some decoration ,the whole is more than wide bright gate lightweight .
< ;> ;and columns are compared only door ,the door is the biggest characteristic columns to extrapolation door more than some ,almost at the front eave column on the position of the other door and columns ,wide bright gate almost.
Only door ,is because of the owner of the official is not high ,at least not build wide bright gate ,just outside the front onto the roof of the head ,belonging to the south to Beijing officials or residents love style .
" barbarians ;" ;was the Beijing of Guangdong and Guangxi and remote southern region personnel do not respect the name .< ;> ; mostly in one book mentioned this kind of plates :" ;finally ,he came back to the tree alley and pressed his house to the bell ,the wall of a few high tree ,a tender green buds ,let the wind kept blowing down .
There stomped someone ran, snap, door white round lamp light .The man opened the door latch ,from the gap tension Look,Untitled, opened the door. He entered the courtyard ,found on the front door and there is no guest car ,light nor open bright.
" ;< ;> ;this description suggests ,the doorway can stop ,because the door to the natural extrapolation ,this is Kim Joo gate features. And according to outside of the white circular lamp ,louboutin,confirmed on the extrapolation of the head on the door .
Here described ,and parking is not lying .Peking Opera artist Wang Yaoqing which is now the Xuanwu District Pui Ying Hutong 20 doorways ,because of spacious, was deposited a rickshaw .
Wang Yaoqing ,the Wang Fengqing brothers two people traffic tools are in old Beijing ,Ruyi gate number ,because it is the vernacular use. Due to large quantity ,Louboutin shoes,so satisfactory door form is much also, can be simple or complex .
In the strict hierarchy of the feudal society, the rich people, build door can not be reconciled, to build the door. So ,built wide bright gate size ,Louboutin Shoes,while the door is not . In this way ,both seem out of the ordinary ,but not more .
In addition ,on the lintel was carved on the roof ,projecting gable ,complete the carved decoration . The most advanced with Bo ancient ,world nine cohabitation ,lion Hydrangea ,glory, splendour, wealth and rank patterns, medium With a glory, splendour, wealth and rank ,grass ,characters ,and generally made the bridge or railing appearance, elegant look, and not make the system .
< ;> ;the simplest Ruyi gate ,only tile comprising line ," ;streaky like eye " ;and other hollow patterns. The door leaf is reduced, only two doors hairpin ,pillow stone pier ,rather than Shigu, flexible opening .
< ;> ;in the years, the original royal nobility began to decline ,the house will sell. Buy the house to cover ,the original wide bright gate on the basis of the door within the Tao ,drywall ,doorways letter at the gate .
The wide bright gate into a luck door a lot. So the door ,often in the mountain left the original column door slot traces ,even the original door not demolished, and in the outer eaves added again .
.< ;> ;walls with doors also called wall door ,its characteristic is no openings, along the wall ,only half or more than half the width of the gate room ,Louboutin Pas cher,narrow .< ;> ;building walls with doors door is one of the most common .
In the style still pursue the effect. It has two block short gable ,with a roof, do it ridge ,two Qiaoqi ,decorated with flowers and brick eaves . So, although this form of its lowest level Ordinary people ,Taobao approved network virtual currency transactions,but also as far as possible to decorate them.
Especially the wall type gate, and the housing is built into the string .With tiles ,style ,more fashionable chic . Four generations live in Qi is the small gatehouse ,namely flower wall gate .
< ;> ;fence gate is over the doors in the walls of a ,commonly known as Ling gate ,generally used for the mansion horse .Two pillars with a bar above a caltrop shaped ,with wooden pieces outward selects, supporting the roof ,door leaf mullion is gate .
< ;> ; mostly in one book, the fence door description has been a few office ,here choose representative was quoted as follows :" ;from Main Street heading west to turn a corner, into the alley ,which arrived.
The wall with four or five kinds of locust tree ,retention interval between two trees .Trees with thick brick wall outside like like built high up around them ,when laying bricks when left Lucent voids ,brick wall above the flat dome with several layers of smooth solid cement .
.. ... The bell is not silent ,suddenly the door automatically opened ,a carriage bone to ran into a narrow muddy pathway .Both sides is building brick wall ... ... In front of a spacious mud yard ,in addition to the northwest corner of the house ,the yard rare empty.
I with Jing Shan ,gold mom out of the carriage ,on the four or five level, face tightly live is a four fan green paint paint paint the screen door ,among four pieces oblique square, red square ,oil four full black .
" ;this section describes the self into the fence gate to the courtyard scene ,the main parking lot and a stable .< ;> ;this scene ,at eight Bay Road No. 11 in front of the gate ,has also appeared at that time, here ,and as this is a red brick built low gatehouse ,in contrast ,is a large fence gate ,and a blocking wall street .
Hospital space half mus ,dedicated to stop ,to stop several cart .Open North oblique opposite is Zhu Hong gates ,and openings .At the end of the Qing Dynasty is said ,the fence gate and parking lot is large ,especially the gate open around the gate ,fence gate is also useful .
Old Summer Palace type door is the end of the Qing Dynasty by the impact of foreign culture ,to the old summer palace type door as the representative of the foreign-style house, also appeared in Beijing high streets and back lanes .
.< ;> ;Old Summer Palace doors ,derived from the emperor in the Old summer palace built in the western building ,imperial interests interested Wang Gongguizhou ,have their own garden built in ocean type gate .
If Gongwangfu garden on the eastern side of the gatehouse door ,is represented in the old summer palace type gate .The gate in the Western parapet above the column surface ,in Western-style decoration ,or for Atlantic type plants or for Chinese antiques ,Chinese and western ,it is the characteristics of the era of.
< ;> ;East ,South East Cotton alley No. 15 has a brick arches ,4 meters high, 2 meters wide ,from the wall above all is the brick, cut flowers and animals ,at the top of the railing ,balustrade carved have and pine, bamboo and plum blossom ,arches on both sides are carved Dubbo Pavilion ,pavilion Neidiao dark square pattern .
The entire arch brick ,layout ,concave-convex properly, fine workmanship ,is very rare.< ;> ;in addition ,the old Beijing house and other forms .The past Nancheng alley ,some residential street gabled and the side of the school gate,Christian Louboutin Outlet, also built a wooden wall wooden wall ,open a door ,called the board way.
Board wall and gabled between voids, toilet set and put bucket ,garbage baskets and other eyesores .Live board door households ,mostly Single institute of affluent people ,someone out to close the door ,well played a defensive role .
< ;> ;some residential courtyard frontage ,then put the housing from one side to the pavement housing business, back yard or house as a processing plant . Beijing says this kind of house for real estate .
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Wire
Twisted pair consists of two has an insulating protective layer of copper wire .The two insulating copper wires are twisted together according to a certain density ,can reduce the signal interference degree ,each conductor in transmission of radiation wave will be another line to the wave offset .
Twisted pair generally consists of two 22~26 insulated copper wire winding each other together. If one or more twisted pairs placed in an insulating sleeve became twisted pair cable. The twisted-pair cable ( also known as the twisted pair cable ) ,different line pair having a different twist length ,generally speaking ,twisted length in 38.
1cm to 14cm ,counter clockwise twist ,adjacent line on the twist length of more than 12.7cm. Compared with other transmission media ,twisted pair transmission distance ,the channel width and the speed of data transmission and so on are subject to certain restrictions ,but the price is relatively low .
EIA/TIA twisted pair cable defines five different quality models. An integrated computer network wiring using third ,four or five .The five models are as follows: 1 ,the first class :mainly used for transmission of voice ( a kind of standard is mainly used for the early eighty before the telephone cable ) ,is not used for data transmission.
2 ,second :transmission frequency for 1 MHz ,for voice transmission and a maximum transmission rate of data transmission of 4Mbps ,common to use 4Mbps code token passing protocol old token network.
3 ,third :refers to the present in the ANSI and EIA/TIA568 standards specified in the cable. The cable transmission frequency for 16MHz ,for voice transmission and high transmission rate to 10Mbps data transmission ,mainly for 10base-T.
4 ,Fourth :the cable transmission frequency for 20MHz ,for voice transmission and a maximum transmission rate of data transmission of 16Mbps ,mainly used for token based LAN and 10base-T/100base-T.
5 ,fifth :the cable increases the winding density ,coat of a kind of high quality insulation material ,transmission the frequency of 100MHz ,for voice transmission and a maximum transmission rate of 100Mbps data transmission ,mainly for 100base-T and 10base-T network ,which is most commonly used in Ethernet cable 6 ,sixth :the classification criteria for 1000Mbps Ethernet will become the TIA/ELA-568B standard ,it will be officially named TIA/ELA-568B.
2-1.TIA specifies six types of systems consisting of components must be down compatible ( including three class ,five class ,five wiring products ) ,but must meet the mixed use of the six kinds of wiring requirements .
Standard on a 100 ohm balanced twisted pair ,connecting hardware ,jumper ,channel and a permanent link to make specific requirements. 7 ,seventh :also known as completely shielded twisted pair cable ,double shielded twisted pair ( S-STP ) or a separate metal foil shield wire pair (PiMF) .
For twisted pair ,the users are most concerned about is characterization of the performance of several indexes. These indexes include the attenuation ,the near end crosstalk and impedance characteristics, distributed capacitance ,DC resistance .
( 1) the attenuation attenuation (Attenuation ) along the link signal loss metric .Attenuation and cable length having relationship ,with the increase of length, signal attenuation attenuation with is also increased.
" ;db" ;as unit, said the source transmit signal to the receiver signal strength ratio .Due to attenuation changes with frequency ,therefore ,should be measured in the application of the full range of frequency attenuation .
( 2) the near end crosstalk crosstalk branch near end crosstalk and far-end crosstalk ( FEXT ) ,tester is mainly measurement of NEXT ,due to the presence of the line loss ,so the value of FEXT is less affected .
The near end crosstalk loss (NEXT ) is a measure of UTP link from one line to another line to the coupling of the signal .For the UTP link ,the NEXT is a key performance index ,which is the most difficult Accurate measurement of an index.
With the increasing signal frequency measurement ,which will increase the difficulty of.NEXT is not expressed in the proximal point of the crosstalk value ,it is only expressed in the near end crosstalk measurement value .
This value varies with the length of the cable changes ,the longer the cable ,its value becomes smaller. At the same time send end signal will decay ,on other lines on the crosstalk is relatively small .
The experiment proves that ,only 40 meters in measurement of NEXT is more true. If the other end is far from the 40 meter information socket ,then it will generate a certain degree of crosstalk ,but may not be measuring tester the crosstalk value .
Therefore ,preferably in the two endpoints .Now NEXT measuring instrument are equipped with the appropriate equipment ,resulting in the end of both ends of the link can be measured . The NEXT value ( 3) DC resistance TSB67 without this parameter .
DC loop resistance will consume a portion of the signal ,and transforming it into heat. It refers to a pair of wire resistance and ,11801 specifications of the twisted pair of DC resistance shall not more than 19.
2 ohms. Each pair of difference is not too large ( less than 0.1 Ohm) ,if bad contact, must check the connection point .( 4) the characteristic impedance and loop DC resistance, characteristics Impedance includes resistance and frequency of 1~100MHz inductance impedance and capacitance impedance ,it with a pair of spacing between the wires and insulators electrical performance .
All kinds of cables with different characteristic impedance ,and the twisted pair cable is 100 ohms ,120 ohm and Ohm several 150 .(5 ) the attenuation to crosstalk ratio ( ACR ) in the in certain frequency range ,crosstalk and attenuation proportional relationship is reflected in the performance of the cable is another important parameter .
ACR is also sometimes to signal-to-noise ratio ( SNR :Signal-Noice ratio ) said ,it consists of the worst attenuation amount and the amount of NEXT calculates a larger.ACR value ,said the anti-interference ability is stronger.
General system requirements at least more than 10 dB ( 6) cable properties of communication channel quality is determined by its cable characteristics described by .SNR is in regard to the interference signal,louboutin shoes, the data signal intensity of a metric .
If SNR is too low ,will result in data signal is received, the receiver cannot tell the difference between a data signal and noise signal ,eventually lead to erroneous data. Therefore ,in order to make the data errors within certain limits ,you must define a minimum acceptable SNR.
double strand must and RJ--45 interface ,can the computer link ,in order to adapt to the The development of network ,must follow EIA/TIA 568B standard ,as long as the twisted pair ends, all in accordance with the following arrangement can be made ( by definition of T568B standard ) .
1 foot by 2 foot 3 foot by 4 foot 5 foot by 6 foot to 7 foot by 8 foot Bai Cheng orange white green blue brown green Bai Zong Bai Lan 100Base-T or 10Base-T network as long as the use of the RT-45 socket first ,2 ,3 ,6 and 4 pins can be, card pin function are defined as follows: pin function definition 1 transmission data 2 data 3 data 6 data receiving receiving 4,5,7,8 retain the hub pins on the contrary, the data that is sent to receive data ,and vice versa .
Another point to note is used for connecting two hub or two machines to interconnect the pair ,will need 1 ,3 ;2 ,6 switched connections ( by definition of T568A standard ) .This special produced by the twisted pair is also known as " " ;jumper ;using twisted pair line as the transmission medium ,each segment of the longer than 100 meters.
Make twisted-pair to be used in RJ-45 crimping pliers ,but making a twisted pair is not an easy thing ,usually operates as follows : remove the skin at least 2cm. UTP twisted-pair cable of each line to adjust well, will present a parallel state ,which green need White Blue Cross and blue lines ,then trim the top ,after remaining a total length of about 14cm.
will be adjusted in accordance with the provisions of the twisted pair arranged into the RJ-45 connector ,wire clamping pressure ,after the production of the twisted pair should not reveal the outer skin ,and is not easily loosened ,making good can try to pull out.
In order to ensure the twisted pair conductive ,can be prepared using a multimeter or specialized testing equipment to test cable safety grade you have observed the UTP or fiber optic cable ,noticed some strange printed above technical information ?If you want these information representing mean ?Rated ,performance ,grade it is easy to understand ,such as the super five class or six class UTP or OM1 cable ,optical fiber cable ,and most people do not understand CMP or OFNR information.
Do not ignore this message ,because the information marked an important cable fire rating ,,which has important commercial significance ,so I called him up b,especially for the wiring system designated and installation business .
UL fire rating compressor - CMP copper ( UTP and ScTP ) - OFNP or OFCP optical fiber cable which is of the highest rank in a bundle of cable ,cable using the fan blows to the flame, the flame cable Spread 5 meters to extinguish .
Booster cable includes chemicals ,burning or in extremely high temperature ,the cable does not emit toxic fumes or vapors ,make its become the United States of America preferred cable ,wherein the communication wiring are usually installed in the ventilation pipes or air processing device using air back flow supercharging system.
Main level - CMR copper ( UTP and ScTP ) - OFNR or OFCR optical fiber cable which is grade second ranked cable ,in fan forced blowing conditions,louboutin, bundles of cables must be in the flame spread within 5 meters to extinguish the fire in the trunk ,often encountered in such situations .
However ,trunk cable no smoke or toxic - outside of the United States around the world, usually in building trunk line and horizontal cable used in the fire rating of cables. Commercial grade CM copper ( UTP and ScTP ) - OFN or OFC optical fiber cable commercial grade than the trunk level low ,bundles of cables must be less than 5 meters to extinguish the flame spread ,but without any fan forced blow restriction and route .
Grade ,commercial grade cable does not smoke or toxic specification. The fire rating of cables used in horizontal lines ,in the horizontal lines ,cable one would like to bind together. The general level of copper - CMG Cable ( UTP and ScTP ) - OFNG or OFCG optical fiber cable general grade and commercial grade similar home furnishing level - CMX copper ( UTP and ScTP ) - no fiber classification it is communication wiring in the lowest UL fire rating ,a cable must be less than 5 meters to extinguish the flame spread .
This class has no smoke or toxicity of specification. This grade of cable is only applied to separate laying of each cable home or small office system. This kind of cable should not be tied into bundles of cable laying ,because the flame spread and a cable way has great difference.
Um Leah AS/NZS 3191:1996 standard is a cable and a bundle of cable fire spread behavior makes a comment ,can support the above argument .Standard notes are as follows: " ;the installation should pay special attention ,since it cannot be guaranteed that a bundle of cable a cable line for the same .
" ;cable marker identified in the fire rating UL UL list any cable, it is tested ,in line with a certain fire rating of cables in cable ,will be printed on these details .In general ,cable ,fire rating ,with approval of a reference number and the UL identifier ( UL logo or Inside parentheses .
For example ,UL ) with CM E123456 ,commercial grade cable ( UL ) - how self extinguishing cable in communication cable insulating material contains chemical substances ,these substances as containing the substance use .
Based on the PVC cable ( trunk level ,commercial grade ,general purpose grade and home furnishing all level ) the use of halogen chemical to contain the fire. In PVC when burning, it will emit halogen gas ,such as chlorine ,it can quickly absorb oxygen ,thus causes the cable to extinguish the fire ,but ,in high concentrations ,chlorine has high toxicity .
Moreover ,in combination with oxygen and water vapor ,will generate hydrochloric acid ,which is very harmful. Booster cable solves the problem of burning toxic products ,which use chemicals to emit very low levels of smoke ,does not emit toxic smoke or steam.
This through the use of teflon insulation material ,instead of using the PVC. its disadvantages of high cost, because PTFE material cost is higher than that of PVC. in the new century, the information revolution, as the characteristics of the new economy will give the world governments ,enterprises and individuals to life with new opportunities and challenges.
Highly developed in the information today Days ,computer network has become an electronic link global connections .When network speed from the early development of the 10Mbps ,1000Mbps ,integrated wiring system ,the computer network transmission platform and development is a huge market .
With the rapid rise of the computer network system ,integrated wiring is experiencing a new era when 1000Mbps Ethernet .The standard is released, is rapidly becoming the local mainstream technology, the Gigabit network traffic on the transmission medium has put forward new demands ,the traditional 5 copper system can application environment.
Super 5 class ( class 5e ) and 6 types of copper will be the new options ,TIA/EIA in 2000 January officially launched the TIA/EIA-568.A-5 standard to clear the Super 5 class ( class 5e ) technical requirements.
And 5 ,super 5 class ( class 5e ) copper system bandwidth does not improve ( is 100MHZ ) ,and in the same bandwidth conditions of transmission performance is improved ,which can be 100 meters distance to support 1000Mbps link Ethernet application .
And the 6 class /E copper systems ,as a representative of new century high speed to the application of the new generation of copper systems ,which support bandwidth is increased to 250MHZ ,not only can easily support 100 meters distance on the 1000Mbps Ethernet link Applications ,but also for the future high speed applications to reserve space ,for cable installation ,network to meet future needs is very important.
And super five copper ,6 class /E copper systems not only provide higher bandwidth ,and improves the attenuation and return loss ,crosstalk ,the use effect is 6 categories of products can be more than five more reliable processing more data .
6 types of class /E is recognized to represent UTP unshielded twisted pair copper and SFTP shielded twisted pair cable can support the maximum bandwidth capacity ,category 6 twisted pair cable structure and super 5 class ( class 5e ) copper similar ,usually category 6 twisted pair cable is characterized in line on the circular or sheet type or cross type filler ( Figure 1) ,in order to ensure the line on the crosstalk from the use of network environment, if applied to ordinary small network structure ,the current Super 5 cable can satisfy the future several years of need ,but if you use the environment is a network technology ,such as finance ,securities ,security and information service industries ,in recent years has 6 types of class /E wiring is very important to choose in so many possibilities ,6 class /E copper system may be implemented for Gigabit Ethernet twisted pair wiring A simpler method.
Thus the United States UL in 2001 May officially published Subject 444 based on the TIA/EIA-568-B.2-1 issued 6 copper standard ,and accept the certification test .According to the established in 1997 TIA and ISO wiring system target ,in the draft standard increases the number of rules to ensure the 6 grade /E and 7 class /F class with the existing general infrastructure compatible.
Therefore ,requirements for systems and components can be backwards compatible with existing various / level wiring system ,at the same time, with different manufacturers parts having good interoperability .
TIA designed a testing method ,whereby the base active devices and system vendors can determine its 6 kinds of plugs and sockets whether or not qualified .Have to comply with these Provisions to ensure that the component interoperability and compatibility ,on 7 kinds of plugs and sockets performance requirements will depend on the ISO/IEC 7 type connection hardware standard interface selection results for.
6 class /E and 7 class /F the most obvious difference is the cabling system transmission medium to achieve higher .The performance of 7 types of cable ,used with the Super 5 class ( class 5e ) and category 6 twisted pair cable are different completely shielding structure ,ensure that can eliminate all lines on the crosstalk between the 600MHz.
typical 7 lines from 4 to 23AWG ( 0.55M M ) double strands ,each line to have metal foil encircling ,4 on the metal foil surrounded by a line on the overall braided shielding layer surrounds .
Another 1 drainage line can be used for equipment grounding ( Figure 2) .Compared to the 6 grade /E wiring system ,7 kinds of /F transmission medium constructed to provide a significant performance advantages ,especially in the crosstalk beyond a lot.
The table showed various wiring system in model performance respectively, the right column is 7 kind of /F class compared to 6 grade /E enhancement :a new generation of twisted cable in addition to high level development ,and also to the same level of other derivatives .
Such as category five ,five, six and other products in the shield is selectively formed on aluminum foil shielding ,shielding ,the foil and braided shielding and other type ;in a logarithmic form on development are: 25 to 50 ,100 ,on of ,2x4 in 4 ,4x ,6x4 ,8x4 peer to the structure ;in the water-blocking copper twisted pair cable also used ointment ,with water blocking ,water blocking yarn form ;in a conductor which is usually a single conductor ,has adopted the 7/0.
21 ,7/0.16 multi-strand tin or tin production PATCH CORD jumper product ;in flame retardant performance on CM/CMR ,low smoke Halogen free ( LSZH ) ,Teflon (TELFON ) level to suit different use place fire requirements.
These different structures formed from a combination of various copper twisted pair cable rich product series of twisted cable new applications: 1 ) informatization intelligence community building :with our country information society approaching ,integrated wiring in Intelligent Building ,following the traditional office network cabling ,the factory has appeared after information intelligent community integrated wiring ,it is the use of modern technology of 4C ( computer ,communication and network ,control and IC card ) technology ,through effective transmission network ,,the pluralistic information services and property management ,communication access network and the family of intelligent system integration ,for residential services and management to provide high-tech intelligent means ,in order to achieve fast and efficient value service and management ,to provide a safe and comfortable home furnishing .
Information intelligent community integrated wiring provides function is :( 1 ) a narrowband speech ,narrow band data service ;( 2) to support high speed Internet ,electronic commerce and so on ;( 3) to provide home furnishing residential intelligent information service ;( 4) to provide network television ,support for VOD video on demand ;( 5) to provide distance education ,telemedicine ;( 6) to support the closed circuit Video monitoring and security services ;( 7) to support the parking management services ;information intelligent community information service access platform in the whole communication network access layer and into the line layer .
In the present main feeder line access network the basic realization of optical fiber cases, information-based residential construction mainly solves the communication network " ;finally 100 meters " ;access bottleneck problem ,which is now generally use class five or super five copper cabling to District of each user through a high speed information access method access to the corresponding business online.
The area of information technology in communication network to the position as shown in Figure 3 .Information area from information service and property management center ( S& ;MC ) ,communication access network ( C& ;N ) and the family of intelligent system is composed of three parts ( SHS ) as shown in Figure 4 and the external resources .
As closely as a way of ,integrated wiring in the household is the water ,electricity ,gas ,TV ,telephone ( need to use the integrated wiring of unified planning ) transmission medium and a landmark of the transmission medium ,it not only can be the first of several persons required to control the line or transmission line design and installation are unified ,but also network technology achievements into the home :Internet broadband network ,Home automation systems ,security and so on.
2) broadband multimedia access line in modern society, with the rapid development of communications technology ,telecommunications ,business is integrated ,digitized ,broadband ,intelligent and household ( person ) direction.
The modern telecommunications network is mainly composed of backbone transmission network ( Network ) and user access network, backbone transmission network has basically achieved the fiber ;the access network is an important part of the telecommunication network ,the telecommunication network of capillaries and bottlenecks .
Research shows ,access network investment has accounted for the entire telecommunications network investment 50%, access network construction relates to business demand ,resource allocation ,management and upgrading strategy a number of factors,, more and more get attention and telecommunications ,broadband integrated access is the telecommunication development inevitable trend.
How to build the integrated broadband access network system has two choices ,one is for the broadband access network overlap in the original narrow band access network ,another is the use of wide band ,narrow band unified network hybrid .
Such built integrated broadband access network system can support the fiber to the zone ( FTTC ) ,fiber to the building ( FTTB ) and ATM based on PON fiber to the home ( FTTH ) .Information network system Wiring requirements of routing information network system is one of the key links ,so the cabling system design must be based on the characteristics of the network ,cable system performance, a total investment of comprehensive planning design .
Because the network cabling system design resulting from poor poor network performance ,which makes the system performance price ratio decreased in the wiring system design is the most common ,at the same time the price is very expensive ,so the optimization of network cabling design is to ensure the information network with high quality ,high performance basis.
Cable selection should be considered a variety of factors ,but the wiring system should first determine the use of cable categories and wiring structure ( shielded cable ,cable ,optical fiber cable line non screen ,or will they joining together) .
The cable is usually used with insulating layer of wire and the use of one or more layers of the plastic sheath and cable usually consists of 2 to 1800 lines consisting of a pair of large number of cable .
Usually used for backbone cabling system ,they are particularly suitable for the voice and low data rate applications. These cables in the trunk and level ( the hub to the desktop ) wiring system in the application of the maximum length in the international ISO/IEC standard IS11801 is described in detail .
Note that Some maximum length restrictions apply to all media .They are not considered as networks using cable type and protocol type caused by different aspects of performance differences .
In fact ,the maximum cable length system will depend on the application ,network type and the quality of the cable .Table 1 transmission frequency and transmission rate ,louboutin pas cher,different size weight and shielding flexibility factors mainly depends on whether the cable metal foil or establishment of protective layer ,and a cable using the number of wires and cables .
These factors by use of the shield ,reflective material together will determine the cable against electromagnetic interference ( EMI ) .In selected cable before considering cable ,shielding ,christian louboutin outlet,reflective material and use critical.
In recent years, the unshielded twisted pair ( UTP ) research has made breakthroughs that they can be in the 622Mbit/s or higher transmission rate for data transmission .It makes people can only use shielded cable in the original application to use the cheaper ,smaller cable cable through .
UTP the cable lines to more closely match the reducing of EMI interference. The cable is called the balanced circuit in the ideal balance circuit , conductor of the noise introduced in the voltage and is zero ,this line on the signal transmission between the no interference.
However this ideal situation is unable to be fully realized ,cable signal to noise ratio ( SNR ) is used to measure the cable in the presence of noise signal in the absence of signal quality metrics.
Shielding cable for presence of shielding ,so its balance property is poor, so good shielding integrity and good grounding on the shielded cable is very important . The high quality UTP cable without the need for ground or whole circuit does not need shielding case can achieve a good balance circuit characteristics .
Table 2 different copper price comparison because the optical fiber by optical transmission signal ,so it is not subject to any form of electromagnetic shielding effect in transmission speed requirements of more than 155Mbit/s and require longer transmission distance applications, optical fiber is usually the best choice.
The fiber has the advantages of small volume ,durable wait for an advantage ,but it cost more than other types of cables .Most in LAN used in the optical fiber cable is a multiple membrane fiber .
It ratio performance of the single optical fiber for easier installation .In most network cable ,are generally used as dry lines ,and the use of UTP cables are used for water Plain cloth line.
However ,with the communication rate rise and falling equipment costs ,louboutin pas cher,using optical fiber to desktop direct network number are also growing .For those due to installation time ,space or other limitations and not easy to install cable system, wireless local area network can be used as an alternative scheme in wireless LAN using radio waves instead of physical connection to realize signal transmission ,which is particularly suitable for the old building network installation cable select 1) transmission frequency and transmission rate of transmission frequency and transmission rate is the structured cabling system design contact with most of the two basic concepts .
The cable bandwidth ( MHZ ) and cable transmission data rate ( Mbps ) are two disparate concepts expressed in.MHZ in unit time line signal oscillation frequency, is a characterization of frequency of the physical quantity ,and Mbps value is the unit of time of transmission line the number of binary bits ,is a characterization of the rate of physical quantity.
The transmission frequency said transmission medium for providing basic information transmission bandwidth ,the bandwidth depends on the wires ,each wire quality of precise length and transmission technology and the transmission rate .
In a particular bandwidth of information transmission and the ability to measure device ,transmission performance index including attenuation and near end crosstalk ,the overall link performance index is used to measure the attenuation to crosstalk ratio ACR .
The bandwidth is more broad transmission more smooth, allowable transmission rate is high. The network system of the coding and MHZ has been established the link between Mbps, some special network coding scheme can in the limited frequency band width and high speed transmission data .
In general the designer is concerned with a particular transmission medium in the system to meet the transmission performance of the maximum transfer rate ,following through to table 1 to reflect the difference between the two .
Selection should be based on system technology performance ,investment budget ,engineering product performance and customer service quality of service and integrated into .Cat5+ and Cat6 selection : for the Cat5+ test the parameter limit and experimental data have been close, ultra five system can support Gigabit Ethernet operation ,and different manufacturers can interoperate with Cat5+ system between .
Cat6 price compared to Cat5+ expensive ,but the bandwidth is widened in 25% ,shows the transmission rate enhancement ,the Cat6 system is a special ,which means that the various manufacturers of element has its unique design and Index ,different manufacturers and component interoperability the possibility is very small ,components of the index is still under study .
Cat6 already in a few projects in use ,note two problems : the use of Cat6 cable should choose the same grade and merchants production connector device ,because the CAT6 is special ,the manufacturers of the products still cannot exchange ;Cat6 on the fixed link and channel the test content ,in addition to the EIA/TIA 568-67 standard the content, still need to add :equivalent far-end crosstalk ( ELFEXT ) ,integrated equivalent far-end crosstalk ( PS ELFEXT ) ,return loss ( RETURN LOSS ) ,integrated near-end crosstalk ( PS NEXT ) ,integrated attenuation to crosstalk ratio ( PS ACR ) and so on.
Cat6 currently only business enterprise standards, the general point of view, the standard rate for each test indicator tends to be higher than the standard, but whether can be used as the confirmation of acceptance is still a pending problem.
2 ) shielded and unshielded twisted pair selection wiring system ,most of the transmission medium is a variety of cable . Common cable comprises copper and fiber optic cable ,and cable to its cost-effective and become the main wiring system ,and structured wiring used in the copper are twisted pair .
Twisted pair is composed of two with insulation protection Copper wires . The two insulated wires according to a certain density are twisted together, can reduce the effect of signal interference .
Each wire in the transmission of radiation out of the wave will be another line to the wave offset . Twisted pair generally consists of two 22~26 insulated copper wire are coiled . Twisted pair separable unshielded twisted pair UTP ( Unshielded Twisted Pair ) and shielded twisted pair STP ( Shileded Twisted Pair ) .
And shielded twisted pair can be divided into aluminum foil shielded twisted pair ( FTP ) ,aluminum foil ,copper double shielded twisted pair ( S-FTP ) ,Property tax is intended to push up prices.,independent shielded twisted pair ( STP ) .
Twisted pair structure differences its performance ,Beijing Netcom and telecommunications in Beijing,price difference ,to provide users with a variety of choices. But how to choose the system transmission medium ,is often the designers face an important issue .
Of course system in security technology can not only in the link ,but can also be implemented in cell ,non shielding system uses the steel pipe wiring ,anti-interference ability greatly improved.
With the development of technology ,the methods to solve the problems and methods are constantly changing and improving. UTP and FTP cable selection ;the key depends on external EMC interference ,interference field strength is less than 3V/m, are generally not considered anti Nursing measures ,according to cable performance test results show that ;in the frequency range of 30MHz ,UTP and FTP transmission effect and anti EMC of roughly the same abilities ,exceed ,then FTP compared to UTP isolation to be significantly higher than the 20~30dB ,louboutin,according to the interference signal exceeds the standard magnitude size can respectively select FTP ,SFTP or STP different shielding cable and shielding wiring devices ,for the FTP grounding requirements strictly ,and should be 360 complete shielding ,,otherwise the shielding layer would be radiated interference source .
Furthermore ,attention FTP shielding structure changed the entire cable capacitance coupling, attenuation will than the UTP slightly with the increasing of comprehensive cost is about .FTP FTP=1.
2~1.6UTP. FTP :therefore ,applicable to EMC serious regional and the confidentiality of the strong places ,such as party and government network ,airports, military departments and industrial enterprises.
3 ) other factors connected in a network device type and the cable on the communication load is the selection of cable are key factors . At the same time ,in the selection of the cable should also be considered the following factors :3.
1 network hubs and nodes ( Information Port ) the maximum distance between ;3.2 in the pipeline and the floor ,ceiling wiring in the available space ;3.3 electromagnetic interference ( EMI ) degree; 3.
4 as system service device. Energy changes and their use ;3.5 system resilience ,expansibility of network 3.6 network requirements ;life cycle ;3.7 cable restriction and cable bending radius limit ;3.