https://cyber.harvard.edu/cybersecurity/history/Estonia?feed=atom 2026-09-04T17:36:25Z Revision history for this page on the wiki MediaWiki 1.43.6 https://cyber.harvard.edu/cybersecurity/?title=Estonia&diff=6840&oldid=prev 2012-08-13T18:48:10Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 18:48, 13 August 2012</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l2">Line 2:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 2:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Case Summary==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Case Summary==</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Actors <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">in Russia conduct </del>DDoS attacks against <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Estonia targets </del>following the the Estonians' relocation of the Soviet WWII memorial.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Actors <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">conducted distributed denial of service (</ins>DDoS<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">) </ins>attacks against <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Estonian IT infrastructure beginning on 27 April 2007 </ins>following the the Estonians' relocation of the Soviet WWII memorial<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">.  The attacks were particularly effective due to Estonia’s high level of dependence on their modern IT infrastructure. Ethnic Russians make up approximately 25% of the Estonian population, and it was unable to be definitively shown if the cyberattacks came internally from ethnic-Russian Estonians, or from Russia itself</ins>.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Recommended Literature==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Recommended Literature==</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l8">Line 8:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 8:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Ian Traynor, [http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2007/may/17/topstories3.russiaA Russia Accused of Unleashing Cyberwar to Disable Estonia], Guardian, May 16, 2007.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Ian Traynor, [http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2007/may/17/topstories3.russiaA Russia Accused of Unleashing Cyberwar to Disable Estonia], Guardian, May 16, 2007.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* William C. Ashmore, [http://www.bdcol.ee/files/files/documents/Research/BSDR2009/1_%20Ashmore%20-%20Impact%20of%20Alleged%20Russian%20Cyber%20Attacks%20.pdf Impact of Alleged Russian Cyber Attacks], Baltic Security &amp; Defence Review, 2009</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* William C. Ashmore, [http://www.bdcol.ee/files/files/documents/Research/BSDR2009/1_%20Ashmore%20-%20Impact%20of%20Alleged%20Russian%20Cyber%20Attacks%20.pdf Impact of Alleged Russian Cyber Attacks], Baltic Security &amp; Defence Review, 2009</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">* Joshua Davis, [http://www.wired.com/politics/security/magazine/15-09/ff_estonia?currentPage=all Hackers Take Down the Most Wired Country in Europe], Wired Magazine, Aug 21, 2007</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Case Studies]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Case Studies]]</div></td></tr> </table>

Nick https://cyber.harvard.edu/cybersecurity/?title=Estonia&diff=6822&oldid=prev 2012-08-08T21:57:28Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 21:57, 8 August 2012</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l6">Line 6:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 6:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Recommended Literature==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Recommended Literature==</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_cyberattacks_on_Estonia Wikipedia entry]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_cyberattacks_on_Estonia Wikipedia entry]</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Ian Traynor, [http://www<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww</del>.guardian.co.uk<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">%2Fworld%2F2007%2Fmay%2F17%2Ftopstories3</del>.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">russia&amp;sa=D&amp;sntz=1&amp;usg=AFQjCNHAHlH7gawThFkXDi09DhSeR9sOmA </del>Russia Accused of Unleashing Cyberwar to Disable Estonia], Guardian, May 16, 2007.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Ian Traynor, [http://www.guardian.co.uk<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">/world/2007/may/17/topstories3</ins>.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">russiaA </ins>Russia Accused of Unleashing Cyberwar to Disable Estonia], Guardian, May 16, 2007.</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">* William C. Ashmore, [http://www.bdcol.ee/files/files/documents/Research/BSDR2009/1_%20Ashmore%20-%20Impact%20of%20Alleged%20Russian%20Cyber%20Attacks%20.pdf Impact of Alleged Russian Cyber Attacks], Baltic Security &amp; Defence Review, 2009</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Case Studies]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Case Studies]]</div></td></tr> </table>

Nick https://cyber.harvard.edu/cybersecurity/?title=Estonia&diff=6662&oldid=prev 2012-08-07T16:23:14Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 16:23, 7 August 2012</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l8">Line 8:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 8:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Ian Traynor, [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guardian.co.uk%2Fworld%2F2007%2Fmay%2F17%2Ftopstories3.russia&amp;sa=D&amp;sntz=1&amp;usg=AFQjCNHAHlH7gawThFkXDi09DhSeR9sOmA Russia Accused of Unleashing Cyberwar to Disable Estonia], Guardian, May 16, 2007.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>* Ian Traynor, [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guardian.co.uk%2Fworld%2F2007%2Fmay%2F17%2Ftopstories3.russia&amp;sa=D&amp;sntz=1&amp;usg=AFQjCNHAHlH7gawThFkXDi09DhSeR9sOmA Russia Accused of Unleashing Cyberwar to Disable Estonia], Guardian, May 16, 2007.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br></td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Case Studies]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Category:Case Studies<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]</ins>]</div></td></tr> </table>

Gili https://cyber.harvard.edu/cybersecurity/?title=Estonia&diff=6661&oldid=prev 2012-08-07T16:22:59Z

<p>Created page with &quot;{{Header_Message}} ==Case Summary== Actors in Russia conduct DDoS attacks against Estonia targets following the the Estonians&#039; relocation of the Soviet WWII memorial. ==Reco...&quot;</p> <p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Header_Message}}<br /> <br /> ==Case Summary==<br /> Actors in Russia conduct DDoS attacks against Estonia targets following the the Estonians&#039; relocation of the Soviet WWII memorial.<br /> <br /> ==Recommended Literature==<br /> * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_cyberattacks_on_Estonia Wikipedia entry]<br /> * Ian Traynor, [http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guardian.co.uk%2Fworld%2F2007%2Fmay%2F17%2Ftopstories3.russia&amp;sa=D&amp;sntz=1&amp;usg=AFQjCNHAHlH7gawThFkXDi09DhSeR9sOmA Russia Accused of Unleashing Cyberwar to Disable Estonia], Guardian, May 16, 2007.<br /> <br /> [[Category:Case Studies]</div>

Gili