Diagnostic Kits/Patents and the Progress of Personalized Medicine
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Herder, M., Patents & the Progress of Personalized Medicine: Biomarkers Research as Lens. SSRN eLibrary. Available at: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1435468 [Accessed October 1, 2009].
A. Biology, Language, & Markets types of biomarkers:
- Diagnostic biomarkers: "identify the presence of disease at the earliest stage, before clinical manifestation. (Wilson et al., 2007)
- Prognostic biomarkers "stratify risk of disease progression in patients undergoing definitive therapy." (Wilson et al., 2007)
- Predictive biomarkers: identify patients most likely to respond to specific interventions." (Wilson et al., 2007)
- Therapeutic biomarkers: "provide a quantifiable measure of response to therapy in patients undergoing treatment." (Wilson et al., 2007)
- Toxicity biomarkers: "biomarkers can be used to identify patients at risk for developing adverse reactions to individual therapeutics." (Wilson et al., 2007)