Diagnostic Kits/The licensing of DNA patents by US academic institutions

Pressman, L. et al., 2006. The licensing of DNA patents by US academic institutions: an empirical survey. Nat Biotech, 24(1), 31-39

"Our analysis reveals not only that large US research universities are active participants in DNA patenting and licensing, but also that common assumptions about licensing strategies often fail to capture the nuances and complexities of technology transfer in practice."

"Another aspect of the debate about whether intellectual property fosters or hinders biomedical research relates to 'research tools,' such as the ideas, data, materials or methods used to conduct research."

Exclusivity

• "Several reports from national and international bodies note that genetic testing applications require far less investment after initial gene discovery than development of therapeutic proteins, and so the rationale for exclusive intellectual property rights may be less compelling7, 8, 9, 10, 11." (Pressman, L. et al., 2006)
  • Footnote 8 Commission on Intellectual Property Rights. Integrating Intellectual Property Rights and Development Policy (Commission on Intellectual Property Rights, London, September 2002). http://www.iprcommission.org/papers/pdfs/final_report/CIPRfullfinal.pdf (accessed October 13, 2005).