Diagnostic Kits/Patents and the Progress of Personalized Medicine

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Herder, M., Patents & the Progress of Personalized Medicine: Biomarkers Research as Lens. SSRN eLibrary. Available at: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1435468 [Accessed October 1, 2009].

A. Biology, Language, & Markets types of biomarkers:

  1. Diagnostic biomarkers: "identify the presence of disease at the earliest stage, before clinical manifestation. (Wilson et al., 2007)
  2. Prognostic biomarkers "stratify risk of disease progression in patients undergoing definitive therapy." (Wilson et al., 2007)
  3. Predictive biomarkers: identify patients most likely to respond to specific interventions." (Wilson et al., 2007)
  4. Therapeutic biomarkers: "provide a quantifiable measure of response to therapy in patients undergoing treatment." (Wilson et al., 2007)
  5. Toxicity biomarkers: "biomarkers can be used to identify patients at risk for developing adverse reactions to individual therapeutics." (Wilson et al., 2007)
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