Diagnostic Kits/The Search for Alternatives to Patents in the 21st Century

Luigi Palombi. The Search for Alternatives to Patents in the 21st Century. (2009) pp. 1-42

Pg 5: presents the major harms of patents:

"Once granted, patent monopolies limit the ability of scientists to develop alternative diagnostics, treatments and cures of human disease - in effect, the patent owners of the genes and proteins control their use in research, clinical and industrial applications."

While theoretically sound, several other papers have not been able to conclusively demonstrate these harms in practice, demonstrating instead that while researchers do not like patents, they don't seem to be particularly influenced by them.