Biotechnology - Genomic and Proteomics

Field definition

Basic Definition

Simply defined, biotechnology is any technology that relies on living organisms or biological systems. By this definition, human beings have been using biotechnology for thousands of years to produce food products, textiles and other necessary items. Several familiar items -- including yeast-rising bread, yogurt, cheese, wine, beer and vinegar -- are all produced with the help of cultured microorganisms.

In recent years, however, the term "biotechnology" has come to mean the use of genetic engineering and its associated techniques. This more common definition is found in a variety of applications, from medicine to agriculture.

Human genomics is of critical importance to health and welfare, used by firms as the foundation for innovation in many applications, from enviromental and medical to industrial and agriculture products.

The US biotechnology industry includes about 1,000 companies, with combined annual revenue close to $50 billion. Large companies include Amgen, Monsanto, Genentech, and Biogen. The biotechnology and the pharmaceutical industries overlap considerably, since many drugs are now developed using biotechnology. The industry consists of a few very large companies and many very small ones, and is fragmented by type of product. Most companies have annual sales under $50 million.

Industry overview here: Biotechnology Industry Organization

Key Industry Statistics

Key Industry Figures 2008

• Industry Revenue: 85,695.4$Mil

• Revenue Growth: 12.9%

• Industry Gross Product: 58,539.2 $Mil

• Number of Establishments: 6,815 Units

• Number of Enterprises: 6,480 Units

• Employment: 341,000 Units

• Exports: 7,251$Mil

• Imports: 2,954.7$Mil

• Total Wages: *20,630.9$Mil

Source: Ibis World

Focus Market Segments

From initial R&D to the moment when a target product is developed for licensing to Pharmaceutical or Agricultural companies, we will study the following:

• Data production: Genomic or proteomic sequences

• Narrative production: Journals focused on biotechnology and related disciplines; publications of data; descriptions of tools or patents, or commentaries on them

• Tool production: processes for producing data or physical products

Deprioritized Market Segments

Tools such as software for biotechnology (bio-informatics) and other biological tools not genetically modified.

Excluded From Field Definition

We will not study data, process, or tool production once a target product is licensed to pharmaceutical or agricultural products

Study of the field

Analysis of the field with basis on Field Research Methodology

1. Overview of Economics of Intellectual Property in BGP
2. Give an overall picture of the BGP field
3. Outputs and Products of the field: data, narratives and tools produced by the BGP field
4. Legal tools available for and in use by the actors of BGP field: IP in BGP
5. competitive advantages in BGP
6. IP Profile of Biggest for-profit companies in BGP
7. IP Profile of non-profit companies in BGP
8. IP Profile of Universities working in BGP
9. IP Profile of Associations in BGP
10. Commons based cases in BGP
11. Peer-Production Business models in BGP
12. Open Business models in BGP

Special Cases in BGP

Under this section we will explore possible special case studies that will be later trasformed in papers under BGP Field Intellectual Property Profile.

• Sage - A Merck Project
  • Authors: Carolina Rossini and John Wilbanks

• A brief history of license practices in BGP - the case of PCR
  • Authors: Carolina Rossini and Brendan Ballou

• Vaccines
  • Authors: Carolina Rossini

• Algae for Energy
  • Authors: Carolina Rossini and Andrew Clearwater

• Bacterias for Energy
  • Authors: Carolina Rossini and Andrew Clearwater

Resources

Bibliography addressing research outline

Bibliography for Item 1 in BGP
Bibliography for Item 2 in BGP
Bibliography for Item 3 in BGP
Bibliography for Item 4 in BGP
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Bibliography for Item 7 in BGP
Bibliography for Item 8 in BGP
Bibliography for Item 9 in BGP
Bibliography for Item 10 in BGP
Bibliography for Item 11 in BGP
Bibliography for Item 12 in BGP

Distributed Innovation

http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3913/is_200309/ai_n9274359/pg_15

Biotech overview

• http://bio.org/news/pressreleases/newsitem.asp?id=2002_0530_02
• http://bio.org/speeches/pubs/er/statistics.asp

History of Biotech

• http://www.nal.usda.gov/bic/bio21/
• http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/~lrd/biotechm.html

Links

Links in BGP

Blogs and news from the BGP field

Blogs to watch in BGP

Interviews

Possible candidates for interviews:

Hal Abelson - MIT Professor. Board of Science Commons and ccLearn
Becky Ward - Executive Director of Systems Biology at Harvard Medical School
Ed Penhoet - Co-founder Chiron Corporation
Regis B. Kelly - Professor, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California ad Executive Director of QB3
Lee Flemming - Professor, HBS

Visualization

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