Biotechnology - Genomic and Proteomics/IP Profile of Biggest for-profit companies in BGP/BGP Company Profiles - Data: Difference between revisions

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=Celera=
 
= Introduction =  
 
* UAEM Transparency Project <br>
* [[BGP Table of Biggest For-Profit Companies]]
 
=Abraxis BioScience=
* Headquarters in Los Angeles
* 383 employees (LinkedIn "Abraxis BioSciences")
* nab technology platform (Abraxis BioSciences, "About Us")
* Abraxan - treats metastatic breast cancer (Abraxis BioSciences, "About Us")
* Protosphere - patented nanoparticle technology
* Focus on cancer and heart treatments
* 2007 splits into two separate companies - Abraxis BioScience and Abraxis Pharmaceutical Products (Abraxis BioSciences, "Abraxis BioScience Announces Plan to Separate Into Two Independent Public Companies")
* 2009, 4th quarter loss despite high sales
* 2009, spins off new company focusing on Biomarkers and Personalized medicine (Business Wire, "Abraxis BioScience Announces Plan")
* Others/Notes:
** List of publications (Abraxis BioSciences, "Publications")
** Partnership with UCLA's nanosystem's institute (Marcus, "UCLA’s California NanoSystems Institute Partners With Abraxis BioScience")
** Collaboration with National Comprehensive Cancer Network and AstraZeneca to conduct anti-cancer drug studies (National Comprehensive Cancer Network, [http://www.nanotech-now.com/news.cgi?story_id=30925 "NCCN, Abraxis BioScience and AstraZeneca Announce Collaboration"])
 
=Amgen=
=Amgen=
* Headquarters: Thousand Oaks, CA
* Headquarters: Thousand Oaks, CA
Line 44: Line 64:
* It says its [http://switch.atdmt.com/action/deicrm_N53107Policy_6 committed to] sharing clinical testing results as soon as possible  
* It says its [http://switch.atdmt.com/action/deicrm_N53107Policy_6 committed to] sharing clinical testing results as soon as possible  


==Genentech==
=Biogen Idec=
* Headquarters: Kendall Scquare, Cambridge
* from Wikipedia: commercial affiliates in "Germany, France, Spain/Portugal, UK/Ireland, the Benelux, Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Finland, and Austria"
* Research centers in San Diego and Research Triangle Park, N.C.
* Treatments for Multiple Sclerosis, Crohn's disease, and a treatment for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma which is co-marketed with Genentech
* Most revenue derived from Avonex, it's MS treatment
* 2003, Biogen and IDEC merge
* Others/Notes:
** Gives [http://www.biogenidec.com/site/community-relations.html] educational grants to med schools
** Sponsors [http://www.foxbusiness.com/story/markets/industries/health-care/biogen-idec-present-th-annual-citi-biotech-day/ "Citi Biotech Day"]
** Has US$100million venture capital fund to encourage Biotech research
** Cooperated with Genentech to research and produce lymphoma treatment
** Has the [http://www.biogenidec.com/site/biogen-idec-innovation-incubator.html Biogen Idec Innovation Incubator (bi3)], and has a history of buying start-ups ventures 
** Provides [http://www.biogenidec.com/citizenship_communitylab.html Student labs for high school students in Cambridge and San Diego]
 
 
=Celgene=
* Headquarters: Summit, New Jersey
* ~1,300 employees (circa 2007)
* Thalomid, treats erythema nodosum leprosum ("ENL")
* Revlimid, for multiple myeloma
* Receives royalties from Novartis for production of Ritalin
* Also offers service: LifeBankUSA, a placental and cord bank holding (Celgene, "Products and Services")
* 1986, spun off from Celanese Corporation
* 1998, receives approval for Thalomid
* 2000, reaches licensing agreement with Novartis for producing Ritalin
* 2002, acquires Anthrogenesis Corporation
* 2005, approval for Revlimid (Celgene, "History")
* 2009, Celgene stocks are in decline (Seeking Alpha, "Celgene Breaking New Lows, But Hopefully Not Much Lower")
* 2009, reporting lower sales, apparently because of overall economic decline
* Others/Notes:
** Collaboration with Cornell Medical School (Weill Cornell Medical College, "Celgene Corporation and Weill Cornell Initiate Research Program")
** Research collaboration with Pharmacopeia (All Business, "Pharmacopeia achieves research milestone")
** Multi-year research collaboration with Galapagos (Laboratory Talk, "Celgene and Galapagos in target collaboration")
** research collaboration with AxCell BioSciences (Access My Library "AxCell Biosciences establishes research collaboration with Celgene Corp.")
 
=Cephalon=
* Headquarters: Frazer, PA
* 3,000 employees
* Leading product - Provigil, to treat sleep disorder
* Focus on Neurodegenerative diseases
* has acquired the following firms: CIMA Labs, Anesta, and Laboratoire Lafon
* Founded in 1987, CEO Frank Baldino, Jr., Ph.D
* Failure of neurodegenerative treatment in 1992 - discovered that the drug kept mice awake, turned it into Provigil in 1999 (Cephalon, "Our Story")
* 2008, sales of US$1.943 billion
* 2008 - Treanda - treatment for non-hodgkin's lymphoma - approved and launched
* Stock has posted double-digit earnings this year (Bennett "It's Wake-Up Time for a Drug Maker's Shares")
* 2009 - seeks approval for Nuvigil to treat Jet Lag (Kennedy, "Cephalon To Apply For FDA Approval For Nuvigil For Jet Lag")
* 2009 - studies suggest Nuvigil could also be used to treat Bipolar Depression (Medical News Today, "Cephalon Announces Positive Results From A Phase Two Study Of NUVIGIL In Bipolar Depression")
* 2009 - (unsubstantiated) gossip that Eli Lilly might consider purchasing Cephalon (Feuerstein, "What's on Lilly's Prescription Pad?") Further rumors of take-over: (Steven, "2 Potential Pharma M&A Targets: Cephalon and Genzyme")
* 2009 - bid to take over Australian biotech firm. Interest in its treatments for inflammatory diseases and cancer (Domain-B, "Cephalon opens bid for Aussie bio-technology firm Arana")
*Others/Notes:
** Interesting: Three areas for establishing collaborative studies (Cephalon, "Research Partnerships"):
*** Pre-clinical studies - has simple online form for obtaining Cephalon products for pre-clinical studies. Response within a month.
*** Cephalon-sponsored studies - can apply to work as an investigator in a Cephalon study
*** Investigator Sponsored Studies (ISS) - investigator herself designs the trial, gets the regulatory approval, interprets and communicates the results. It appears that you just submit a proposal, and if approved, Cephalon will fund the study (Cephalon, "Going Further in Research")
** Foster business collaborations(Cephalon, "Business Collaboration")
** Negative test results are being used to further general research on Parkinson's disease (Cephalon, "Our Science")
** Corporate giving for health advocacy, science education, and community building in locations where Cephalon has offices (Cephalon, "Corporate Giving")
** 2006 - collaboration with Ambit Biosciences to research kinase inhibitors (B-Net, "Ambit Biosciences Announces Discovery and Development Collaboration with Cephalon, Inc. Focused on Kinase Inhibitors")
** Alzheimer's disease research collaboration with Scherring-Plough
** Collaboration with Abbott Laboratories to produce and develop Gabitril, an anti-epilepsy drug (PR Newswire, "Abbott Laboratories and Cephalon Sign Collaboration Agreement for Gabitril(R) (Tiagabine Hydrochloride) in the United States")
 
=Celera=
 
=Genentech=
* Headquarters: South San Francisco
* Headquarters: South San Francisco
* 11,000 employees ("Genentech," Wikipedia)
* 11,000 employees ("Genentech," Wikipedia)
* Owned by Swiss pharma company Hoffman - La Roche ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoffmann-La_Roche Hoffman-La Rouche])
* Owned by Swiss pharma company Hoffman - La Roche ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoffmann-La_Roche Hoffman-La Rouche])
* synthetic human insulin was their first famous product, many others produced using the Boyer-Cohen rDNA process  
* synthetic human insulin was their first famous product, many others produced using the Boyer-Cohen rDNA process  
* Papers by company employees: http://en.scientificcommons.org/genentech_inc
* [http://en.scientificcommons.org/genentech_inc Papers by] company employees
*Others/Notes:
*Others/Notes:
** Collaborated with Apple to create Open Source search engine for protein and DNA sequences (http://www.apple.com/ca/press/2002/02/genentech.html) called [http://www.apple.com/downloads/macosx/math_science/agblast.html Apple/Genentech BLAST]
** [http://www.apple.com/ca/press/2002/02/genentech.html Collaborated with Apple] to create Open Source search engine for protein and DNA sequences  called [http://www.apple.com/downloads/macosx/math_science/agblast.html Apple/Genentech BLAST]
** Hoffman-La Rouche is engaging in academic collaboration to study the safety of InnoMed PredTox ("Hoffman-La Rouche," Wikipedia)
** Hoffman-La Rouche is engaging in academic collaboration to study the safety of InnoMed PredTox ("Hoffman-La Rouche," Wikipedia)
* In general, this seems to be a company that [http://www.gene.com/gene/research/researchvision.html encourages its scientists to publish]  
* In general, this seems to be a company that [http://www.gene.com/gene/research/researchvision.html encourages its scientists to publish]  
** [http://en.scientificcommons.org/genentech_inc examples of papers]  
** [http://en.scientificcommons.org/genentech_inc examples of papers]  
** [http://ecorner.stanford.edu/authorMaterialInfo.html?mid=1614 Video of Genentech's Joe McCracken explaining incentives to publish]
** [http://ecorner.stanford.edu/authorMaterialInfo.html?mid=1614 Video of Genentech's Joe McCracken explaining incentives to publish]
* [http://www.gene.com/gene/research/researchvision.html It has four-year post-doctoral program] and also offers [http://www.gene.com/gene/pipeline/fellowship/ Clinical Research Fellowships]  
** [http://www.gene.com/gene/research/researchvision.html It has four-year post-doctoral program] and also offers [http://www.gene.com/gene/pipeline/fellowship/ Clinical Research Fellowships]  
* supplies reagents for other research organizations' work: http://www.gene.com/gene/reagents-program/reagents-program.jsp
** [http://www.gene.com/gene/reagents-program/reagents-program.jsp Supplies reagents] for other research organizations' work
* Seems committed to engaging relevant stake-holders in public policy issues. Worked with the American Academy of Opthamology and the American Society of Retina Specialists to develop guidelines and answer questions about Avastin (http://www.gene.com/gene/news/press-releases/press_statements/ps_122007.html)
** [http://www.gene.com/gene/news/press-releases/press_statements/ps_122007.html Worked with] the American Academy of Ophthalmology and the American Society of Retina Specialists to develop guidelines and answer questions about Avastin  
* Has a separate board to advise the company on issues of scientific research (http://www.gene.com/gene/research/resourceboard/)
** Has a [http://www.gene.com/gene/research/resourceboard/ separate board] to advise the company on issues of scientific research  
* company gives researchers 20% free time to work on projects of their own
** Company gives researchers 20% free time to work on projects of their own
* VP for business development says the organization survives through science, not marketing.
** VP for business development [http://ecorner.stanford.edu/authorMaterialInfo.html?mid=1613 says] the organization survives through science, not marketing.
** http://ecorner.stanford.edu/authorMaterialInfo.html?mid=1613
** [http://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/news/article/19205 Collaboration] with UC San Diego Scientists
* Collaboration with UC San Diego Scientists (http://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/news/article/19205)
** Funds undergraduate research programs through the [http://www.genentechfoundation.com/about_focus.html Genentech Foundation]
* Funding for undergraduate research programs (http://www.genentechfoundation.com/about_focus.html)
** Provids [http://news.ucsf.edu/releases/new-ucsf-mission-bay-campus-countrys-largest-biomedical-university-expansio/ infrastructure support] for UCSF
* Providing infrastructure support for UCSF (http://news.ucsf.edu/releases/new-ucsf-mission-bay-campus-countrys-largest-biomedical-university-expansio/)
** [http://www.scienceblog.com/community/older/2000/D/200003674.html Collaboration with Rockefeller University] to look at therapeutic antibody potency
* Collaboration with Rockefeller University to look at therapeutic antibody potency (http://www.scienceblog.com/community/older/2000/D/200003674.html)


==Genzyme==
=Genzyme=
===Who===
* Headquarter Cambridge
* 2007, US$2.89B operating income, $3.81B revenue ("Genzyme," Wikipedia)
* 2007, US$2.89B operating income, $3.81B revenue ("Genzyme," Wikipedia)
===What===
* Cerezyme (treats Gaucher's disease) accounts for 30% of company's revenue  
* Cerezyme (treats Gaucher's disease) accounts for 30% of company's revenue  
* Renagel, for dialysis patients
* Renagel, for dialysis patients
*Fabrazyme, for Fabry's disease
* Fabrazyme, for Fabry's disease
 
* Other/Notes:
===Where===
** Develops community support groups for victims of the diseases it treats, such as [http://www.fabrycommunity.com/en/ Fabry Community] and other at [http://www.genzyme.com/home/global_sites.asp Genzyme Disease Education/Research/Support Sites]
*Cambridge
** Has established [https://www.lsdregistry.net/gaucherregistry/ for victims of Gaucher's disease]
===News===
** All company-sponsored clinical trials registered [www.clinicaltrials.gov Clinical Trials] and at [http://www.genzymeclinicalresearch.com/ Genzyme Clinical Research]
===Commons-Based, Peer-Production, and Open Access News===
** [http://www.genzyme.com/research/patents/pat_home.asp Partial catalog of researchers' publications]
* Developing community support groups for victims of the diseases it treats (e.g. http://www.fabrycommunity.com/global/fc_p_hp_homepage.asp)
** Give [http://www.genzyme.com/commitment/community/grant_application.asp grants] for science education and health-services in local communities
**Complete list of communities at: http://www.genzyme.com/home/global_sites.asp
** [http://www.genzyme.com/corp/media/GENZ%20PR-042208.asp#TopOfPage Building outreach into China]. Will establish research center there by 2010.
* Has established registry for victims of Gaucher's disease (https://www.lsdregistry.net/gaucherregistry/)
* All company-sponsored clinical trials registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (http://www.genzymeclinicalresearch.com/)
* Partial catalog of researchers' publications (http://www.genzyme.com/research/patents/pat_home.asp)
* Grants for science education and health-services in local communities (http://www.genzyme.com/commitment/community/grant_application.asp)
* Building outreach into China. Will establish research center there by 2010. Will it support universities there? (http://www.genzyme.com/corp/media/GENZ%20PR-042208.asp#TopOfPage)
 
==Gilead Sciences==


===Who===
=Gilead Sciences=
* 3,400 hundred employees (http://www.gilead.com/corporate_fact_sheet)
* Headquarters: Foster City, California
* [http://www.gilead.com/corporate_fact_sheet 3,400 hundred employees] as of 2009
* Growth based in large part on acquisition of other companies
* Growth based in large part on acquisition of other companies
===What===
* Products for HIV/AIDS, respiratory and heart conditions, and liver disease
* Products for HIV/AIDS, respiratory and heart conditions, and liver disease
* Over a dozen drugs in the development pipeline, Phase I or later
* Over a dozen drugs in the development pipeline, Phase I or later
*  
* Acquisition history:
===Where===
** 1990 reaches agreement with Glaxo to research and develop "antisense" -- genetic code blockers
* Foster City, California
** Goes public in 1992
 
** 1996 - first commercial product, Vistide, treats cytomegalovirus
===News===
** 1999 - acquires NeXstar Pharmaceuticals
* 1990 reaches agreement with Glaxo to research and develop "antisense" -- genetic code blockers
** 2003 acquires Triangle Pharmaceuticals
* Goes public in 1992
** 2006, FDA approves Atripla for HIV-victims
* 1996 - first commercial product, Vistide, treats cytomegalovirus
** 2006 acquires Corus Pharma, Inc.
* 1999 - acquires NeXstar Pharmaceuticals
** 2006 acquires Myogen, Inc.
* 2003 acquires Triangle Pharmaceuticals
** 2006 acquires Raylo Chemicals, a pharma producer - is Gilead Sciences trying to become a pharma company?
* 2006, FDA approves Atripla for HIV-victims
*Other/Notes:
* 2006 acquires Corus Pharma, Inc.
** Gilead seems to have created an [http://www.gilead-grant.de/disclaimer.html HIV/AIDS Clinical Cooperation Grant]
* 2006 acquires Myogen, Inc.
** publishes the results of clinical trials
* 2006 acquires Raylo Chemicals, a pharma producer - is Gilead Sciences trying to become a pharma company?
** Collaboration with [http://today.ucsf.edu/stories/gilead-sciences-and-gladstone-to-collaborate-on-hiv-targets/ UCSF on HIV targets]
 
** [http://www.gilead.com/access_developing_world Project to bring HIV/AIDS drugs to third-world]
===Commons-Based, Peer-Production, and Open Access News===
* Foundation for bringing [http://www.gilead.com/Gilead_Foundation health care to under-served communities]
* Gilead seems to have created an HIV/AIDS Clinical Cooperation Grant (http://www.gilead-grant.de/disclaimer.html)
* publishes the results of clinical trials
* Collaboration with UCSF on HIV targets (http://today.ucsf.edu/stories/gilead-sciences-and-gladstone-to-collaborate-on-hiv-targets/)
* Project to bring HIV/AIDS drugs to third-world (http://www.gilead.com/access_developing_world)
* Foundation for bringing healthcare to under-served communities (http://www.gilead.com/Gilead_Foundation)
 
==Biogen Idec==
===Who===
 
===What===
* Treatments for Multiple Sclerosis, Crohn's disease, and a treatment for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma which is co-marketed with Genentech
* Most revenue derived from Avonex, it's MS treatment
 
===Where===
* Kendall Scquare, Cambridge
* from Wikipedia: commercial affiliates in "Germany, France, Spain/Portugal, UK/Ireland, the Benelux, Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Finland, and Austria"
* Research centers in San Diego and Research Triangle Park, N.C.
 
===News===
* 2003, Biogen and IDEC merge
 
===Commons-Based, Peer-Production, and Open Access News===
* Gives educational grants to med schools (http://www.biogenidec.com/site/community-relations.html)
* Sponsors "Citi Biotech Day" (http://www.foxbusiness.com/story/markets/industries/health-care/biogen-idec-present-th-annual-citi-biotech-day/)
* Has US$100million venture capital fund to encourage Biotech research
* Cooperated with Genentech to research and produce lymphoma treatment
* Biogen Idec Innovation Incubator (bi3) seems to be a way for Biogen to buy start-up ventures (http://www.biogenidec.com/site/biogen-idec-innovation-incubator.html)
* Student labs for high school students in Cambridge and San Diego (http://www.biogenidec.com/site/community-relations.html)
 
==Cephalon==
 
===Who===
===What===
===Where===
===News===
===Commons-Based, Peer-Production, and Open Access News===
 
==MedImmune==
 
===Who===
===What===
===Where===
===News===
===Commons-Based, Peer-Production, and Open Access News===
 
==Celgene==
 
===Who===
===What===
===Where===
===News===
===Commons-Based, Peer-Production, and Open Access News===
 
==Abraxis BioScience==
 
===Who===
===What===
===Where===
===News===
===Commons-Based, Peer-Production, and Open Access News===
 
==ImClone Systems==
 
===Who===
===What===
===Where===
===News===
===Commons-Based, Peer-Production, and Open Access News===


==Navigation==
=ImClone Systems=
[[IP Profile of Biggest for-profit companies in BGP]]
==Who==
* 1,100 employees (circa 2007) (Hoovers, "Imclone Systems Incorporated")
==What==
* focus on oncology
* Erbitux for colorectal cancer (FDA, "Erbitux")
==Where==
* Headquartered in New york City
==News==
* founded 1984 (Imclone Systems, "Company Overview")
* 1990's, shift in focus from infectious diseases to oncology
* 2001, monoclonal antibody Erbitux fails to get FDA approval. Stocks fell sharply - resulted in insider trading controversy
* 2003, following insider trading crises, general reluctance to invest in the company
* 2006, Carl Icahn acquires majority of the stock, unseats most of board
* 2008, acquired by Eli Lilly
* 2009 ImClone purchase brings down Eli Lilly earnings
==Commons-Based, Peer-Production, and Open Access News==
* Grants for community development (ImClone Systems, "Imclone Grant Office")
* Collaboration with Merck to produce therapeutic cancer vaccines


[[Biotechnology - Genomic and Proteomics]]
=MedImmune=
==Who==
* ~3,000 employees (MedImmune, "Company Overview")
* Wholly-owned subsidiary of AstraZeneca, a Swedish Pharma company
==What==
* Produces Synagis, which treats respiratory infections in infants
* Also produces FluMist, a nasal spray influenza vaccine
* Proprietary drug-development methods: Phage Display and Ribosome Display (MedImmune, "Drug Development")
==Where==
* Gaithersburg, Maryland
==News==
* 2007, Astra Zeneca acquires MedImmune (Pollack, Andrew, "Five Days; Biotech Deal")
* 2007, Federal advisory panel endorses Flu Vaccine spray (Associated Press, "Panel Endorses Flu Vaccine In a Spray for Young Children")
* 2008, rapid expansion of the company (Murret, Patricia, "Big Gaithersburg biotech gets a boost")
==Commons-Based, Peer-Production, and Open Access News===
* Sponsors research abstract competition (MedImmune, "MedImmune Announces Winners of Third Annual Research Abstract Competition")
* Establishes research fellowships for pediatric health (MedImmune, "MedImmune Grants Five New Fellowships to Help Expand Premature Infant Follow-Up Care Research")
* Owns MedImmune Ventures, a VC firm to encourage research and investment in the field (MedImmune, " MedImmune Broadens Focus of Venture Capital Fund to Include New Therapeutic Areas")
* Has research collaborations with the following organizations: Burnham Institute, Medarex, Inc., National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Micromet AG, Seattle Genetics, Inc., VasGene Therapeutics, Inc., and Xencor, Inc. (MedImmune, "R&D Collaborations")
** Collaboration with Medarex, Inc. to develop drugs for treating autoimmune diseases
** jointly developing treatment for B cell Tumors with Micromet AG
** agreement with Seattle Genetics, Inc. to use it antibody-drug conjugate treatment
* Developing treatment for cervical cancer with GlaxoSmith-Kline (MedImmune, "Strategic Alliances")


=Navigation=
[[IP Profile of Biggest for-profit companies in BGP]]<br>
[[Biotechnology - Genomic and Proteomics]]<br>
[[Main Page]]
[[Main Page]]

Latest revision as of 17:46, 22 April 2010

Introduction

Abraxis BioScience

  • Headquarters in Los Angeles
  • 383 employees (LinkedIn "Abraxis BioSciences")
  • nab technology platform (Abraxis BioSciences, "About Us")
  • Abraxan - treats metastatic breast cancer (Abraxis BioSciences, "About Us")
  • Protosphere - patented nanoparticle technology
  • Focus on cancer and heart treatments
  • 2007 splits into two separate companies - Abraxis BioScience and Abraxis Pharmaceutical Products (Abraxis BioSciences, "Abraxis BioScience Announces Plan to Separate Into Two Independent Public Companies")
  • 2009, 4th quarter loss despite high sales
  • 2009, spins off new company focusing on Biomarkers and Personalized medicine (Business Wire, "Abraxis BioScience Announces Plan")
  • Others/Notes:
    • List of publications (Abraxis BioSciences, "Publications")
    • Partnership with UCLA's nanosystem's institute (Marcus, "UCLA’s California NanoSystems Institute Partners With Abraxis BioScience")
    • Collaboration with National Comprehensive Cancer Network and AstraZeneca to conduct anti-cancer drug studies (National Comprehensive Cancer Network, "NCCN, Abraxis BioScience and AstraZeneca Announce Collaboration")

Amgen

  • Headquarters: Thousand Oaks, CA
  • 16,900 employees (2008 Corporate report)
  • History of acquisition:
    • 1994 - Synergen, Inc.
    • 2000 - Kinetix Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
    • 2002 - Immunex Corporation
    • 2004 - Tularik, Inc.
    • 2006 - Abgenix, Inc.
    • 2006 - Avidia, Inc.
    • 2007 - Ilypsa, Inc.
    • 2007 - Alantos Pharmaceuticals Holdings, Inc.
  • Subsidiaries:
    • Amgen Australia Pty Ltd.;
    • Amgen N.V.; Amgen Canada Inc.;
    • Amgen Greater China Ltd.;
    • Amgen GmbH (Germany);
    • Amgen S.A. (France);
    • Amgen S.p.A. (Italy);
    • Amgen K.K. (Japan);
    • Amgen B.V. (Netherlands);
    • Amgen-Biofarmaceutica (Portugal);
    • Amgen S.A. (Spain);
    • Amgen (Europe) AG (Switzerland);
    • Kirin-Amgen, Inc. (Switzerland);
    • Amgen Limited (U.K.);
    • Amgen Sales Corporation (West Indies).
  • Unlike many biotech companies, has been consistently profitable. Net profit in 2006 was US$2.9 Billion
  • History: **Managed to turn itself from a drug research company into a pharmaceutical company while maintaining steady sales - extremely rare in the industry.
    • Founded in 1980. By 1986 was starting to turn a profit, but did so not through drug development but through research partnerships with established pharma firms
    • 1987, develop erythropoietin (EPO), which stimulates red blood cell creation. Sold the marketing rights to Johnson&Johnson
    • Epogen proves to hugely popular - over $250m in sales in 1991 alone
    • Between 1992 and 1996, Amgen's R&D budget goes from $182 million to $663 million
  • It has ten approved drugs for 15 conditions, 23 agents are being tested earlier in the approval pipeline as of 2009
    • drugs include: Epogen, Aranesp, Enbrel, Kineret, Neulasta, Neupogen, Sensipar / Mimpara and Nplate
  • As a side-result of this research, also publishes in academic journals
  • Others/Notes:
    • Amgen - marketing and R&D collaborations with (Powell pp. 72): ARRIS, Envirogen, Glycomex, Guilford, Interneuron, Regeneron, and Zynaxis. these companies develop the product that Amgen later produces and markets. Perhaps there are instances of commons-like sharing here. Further investigation needed
    • Seems to be engaging in some instances of open-ended research with universities. e.g., collaboration with MIT's Whitehead institute
    • Further instances of academic collaboration here
    • The results of some scientific collaborations are being released into the commons
  • It says its committed to sharing clinical testing results as soon as possible

Biogen Idec

  • Headquarters: Kendall Scquare, Cambridge
  • from Wikipedia: commercial affiliates in "Germany, France, Spain/Portugal, UK/Ireland, the Benelux, Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Finland, and Austria"
  • Research centers in San Diego and Research Triangle Park, N.C.
  • Treatments for Multiple Sclerosis, Crohn's disease, and a treatment for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma which is co-marketed with Genentech
  • Most revenue derived from Avonex, it's MS treatment
  • 2003, Biogen and IDEC merge
  • Others/Notes:


Celgene

  • Headquarters: Summit, New Jersey
  • ~1,300 employees (circa 2007)
  • Thalomid, treats erythema nodosum leprosum ("ENL")
  • Revlimid, for multiple myeloma
  • Receives royalties from Novartis for production of Ritalin
  • Also offers service: LifeBankUSA, a placental and cord bank holding (Celgene, "Products and Services")
  • 1986, spun off from Celanese Corporation
  • 1998, receives approval for Thalomid
  • 2000, reaches licensing agreement with Novartis for producing Ritalin
  • 2002, acquires Anthrogenesis Corporation
  • 2005, approval for Revlimid (Celgene, "History")
  • 2009, Celgene stocks are in decline (Seeking Alpha, "Celgene Breaking New Lows, But Hopefully Not Much Lower")
  • 2009, reporting lower sales, apparently because of overall economic decline
  • Others/Notes:
    • Collaboration with Cornell Medical School (Weill Cornell Medical College, "Celgene Corporation and Weill Cornell Initiate Research Program")
    • Research collaboration with Pharmacopeia (All Business, "Pharmacopeia achieves research milestone")
    • Multi-year research collaboration with Galapagos (Laboratory Talk, "Celgene and Galapagos in target collaboration")
    • research collaboration with AxCell BioSciences (Access My Library "AxCell Biosciences establishes research collaboration with Celgene Corp.")

Cephalon

  • Headquarters: Frazer, PA
  • 3,000 employees
  • Leading product - Provigil, to treat sleep disorder
  • Focus on Neurodegenerative diseases
  • has acquired the following firms: CIMA Labs, Anesta, and Laboratoire Lafon
  • Founded in 1987, CEO Frank Baldino, Jr., Ph.D
  • Failure of neurodegenerative treatment in 1992 - discovered that the drug kept mice awake, turned it into Provigil in 1999 (Cephalon, "Our Story")
  • 2008, sales of US$1.943 billion
  • 2008 - Treanda - treatment for non-hodgkin's lymphoma - approved and launched
  • Stock has posted double-digit earnings this year (Bennett "It's Wake-Up Time for a Drug Maker's Shares")
  • 2009 - seeks approval for Nuvigil to treat Jet Lag (Kennedy, "Cephalon To Apply For FDA Approval For Nuvigil For Jet Lag")
  • 2009 - studies suggest Nuvigil could also be used to treat Bipolar Depression (Medical News Today, "Cephalon Announces Positive Results From A Phase Two Study Of NUVIGIL In Bipolar Depression")
  • 2009 - (unsubstantiated) gossip that Eli Lilly might consider purchasing Cephalon (Feuerstein, "What's on Lilly's Prescription Pad?") Further rumors of take-over: (Steven, "2 Potential Pharma M&A Targets: Cephalon and Genzyme")
  • 2009 - bid to take over Australian biotech firm. Interest in its treatments for inflammatory diseases and cancer (Domain-B, "Cephalon opens bid for Aussie bio-technology firm Arana")
  • Others/Notes:
    • Interesting: Three areas for establishing collaborative studies (Cephalon, "Research Partnerships"):
      • Pre-clinical studies - has simple online form for obtaining Cephalon products for pre-clinical studies. Response within a month.
      • Cephalon-sponsored studies - can apply to work as an investigator in a Cephalon study
      • Investigator Sponsored Studies (ISS) - investigator herself designs the trial, gets the regulatory approval, interprets and communicates the results. It appears that you just submit a proposal, and if approved, Cephalon will fund the study (Cephalon, "Going Further in Research")
    • Foster business collaborations(Cephalon, "Business Collaboration")
    • Negative test results are being used to further general research on Parkinson's disease (Cephalon, "Our Science")
    • Corporate giving for health advocacy, science education, and community building in locations where Cephalon has offices (Cephalon, "Corporate Giving")
    • 2006 - collaboration with Ambit Biosciences to research kinase inhibitors (B-Net, "Ambit Biosciences Announces Discovery and Development Collaboration with Cephalon, Inc. Focused on Kinase Inhibitors")
    • Alzheimer's disease research collaboration with Scherring-Plough
    • Collaboration with Abbott Laboratories to produce and develop Gabitril, an anti-epilepsy drug (PR Newswire, "Abbott Laboratories and Cephalon Sign Collaboration Agreement for Gabitril(R) (Tiagabine Hydrochloride) in the United States")

Celera

Genentech

Genzyme

Gilead Sciences

  • Headquarters: Foster City, California
  • 3,400 hundred employees as of 2009
  • Growth based in large part on acquisition of other companies
  • Products for HIV/AIDS, respiratory and heart conditions, and liver disease
  • Over a dozen drugs in the development pipeline, Phase I or later
  • Acquisition history:
    • 1990 reaches agreement with Glaxo to research and develop "antisense" -- genetic code blockers
    • Goes public in 1992
    • 1996 - first commercial product, Vistide, treats cytomegalovirus
    • 1999 - acquires NeXstar Pharmaceuticals
    • 2003 acquires Triangle Pharmaceuticals
    • 2006, FDA approves Atripla for HIV-victims
    • 2006 acquires Corus Pharma, Inc.
    • 2006 acquires Myogen, Inc.
    • 2006 acquires Raylo Chemicals, a pharma producer - is Gilead Sciences trying to become a pharma company?
  • Other/Notes:
  • Foundation for bringing health care to under-served communities

ImClone Systems

Who

  • 1,100 employees (circa 2007) (Hoovers, "Imclone Systems Incorporated")

What

  • focus on oncology
  • Erbitux for colorectal cancer (FDA, "Erbitux")

Where

  • Headquartered in New york City

News

  • founded 1984 (Imclone Systems, "Company Overview")
  • 1990's, shift in focus from infectious diseases to oncology
  • 2001, monoclonal antibody Erbitux fails to get FDA approval. Stocks fell sharply - resulted in insider trading controversy
  • 2003, following insider trading crises, general reluctance to invest in the company
  • 2006, Carl Icahn acquires majority of the stock, unseats most of board
  • 2008, acquired by Eli Lilly
  • 2009 ImClone purchase brings down Eli Lilly earnings

Commons-Based, Peer-Production, and Open Access News

  • Grants for community development (ImClone Systems, "Imclone Grant Office")
  • Collaboration with Merck to produce therapeutic cancer vaccines

MedImmune

Who

  • ~3,000 employees (MedImmune, "Company Overview")
  • Wholly-owned subsidiary of AstraZeneca, a Swedish Pharma company

What

  • Produces Synagis, which treats respiratory infections in infants
  • Also produces FluMist, a nasal spray influenza vaccine
  • Proprietary drug-development methods: Phage Display and Ribosome Display (MedImmune, "Drug Development")

Where

  • Gaithersburg, Maryland

News

  • 2007, Astra Zeneca acquires MedImmune (Pollack, Andrew, "Five Days; Biotech Deal")
  • 2007, Federal advisory panel endorses Flu Vaccine spray (Associated Press, "Panel Endorses Flu Vaccine In a Spray for Young Children")
  • 2008, rapid expansion of the company (Murret, Patricia, "Big Gaithersburg biotech gets a boost")

Commons-Based, Peer-Production, and Open Access News=

  • Sponsors research abstract competition (MedImmune, "MedImmune Announces Winners of Third Annual Research Abstract Competition")
  • Establishes research fellowships for pediatric health (MedImmune, "MedImmune Grants Five New Fellowships to Help Expand Premature Infant Follow-Up Care Research")
  • Owns MedImmune Ventures, a VC firm to encourage research and investment in the field (MedImmune, " MedImmune Broadens Focus of Venture Capital Fund to Include New Therapeutic Areas")
  • Has research collaborations with the following organizations: Burnham Institute, Medarex, Inc., National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Micromet AG, Seattle Genetics, Inc., VasGene Therapeutics, Inc., and Xencor, Inc. (MedImmune, "R&D Collaborations")
    • Collaboration with Medarex, Inc. to develop drugs for treating autoimmune diseases
    • jointly developing treatment for B cell Tumors with Micromet AG
    • agreement with Seattle Genetics, Inc. to use it antibody-drug conjugate treatment
  • Developing treatment for cervical cancer with GlaxoSmith-Kline (MedImmune, "Strategic Alliances")

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