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[[Report April 2009]] | [[Report April 2009]] | ||
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==Answer the questions:== | ==Answer the questions:== | ||
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==Introduction== | ==Introduction== | ||
American universities are granted over 3,000 U.S. patents each year and maintain a portfolio of over 40,000 patents (see Owen-Smith & Powell, 2003). | * American universities are granted over 3,000 U.S. patents each year and maintain a portfolio of over 40,000 patents (see Owen-Smith & Powell, 2003). | ||
* Universities ad governments, not companies seem to be the primary driver of patents in the world: | |||
<align="center"> | |||
Top assignees: 2002-2006 | |||
Number of patent families | |||
{| | |||
|''rank'' | |||
|''institution'' | |||
|''number of patents'' | |||
|- | |||
|1 | |||
|Japan Science and Technology Agency | |||
|1022 | |||
|- | |||
|2 | |||
|University of California | |||
|543 | |||
|- | |||
|3 | |||
|Government of the United States | |||
|334 | |||
|- | |||
|4 | |||
|Genentech Inc. | |||
|421 | |||
|- | |||
|5 | |||
|University of Texas | |||
|277 | |||
|} | |||
Source: Marks & Clark, "Academia Outpaces Corporate Biotechnology," | |||
</align> | |||
<br> | <br> |
Latest revision as of 20:11, 19 April 2010
Answer the questions:
- What are the 5 top Universities in this field?
- Correlate them with their main outputs (Data. Narratives. Tools)
- Understand and identify cases where these universities are “experimenting” or “adopting” commons based approach. Are they adopting OA policies, for instance? Are they adopting Social Responsible License approaches?
- Identify these cases and treat them as entities that will also be placed in our mapping device (the quadrants)
- Identify what universities are the “Microsofts” of the field and what companies are the “IBMs” of the field (Use the questionnaire to guide your research when appropriate - Carol will select specific relevant questions)
Introduction
- American universities are granted over 3,000 U.S. patents each year and maintain a portfolio of over 40,000 patents (see Owen-Smith & Powell, 2003).
- Universities ad governments, not companies seem to be the primary driver of patents in the world:
<align="center"> Top assignees: 2002-2006 Number of patent families
rank | institution | number of patents |
1 | Japan Science and Technology Agency | 1022 |
2 | University of California | 543 |
3 | Government of the United States | 334 |
4 | Genentech Inc. | 421 |
5 | University of Texas | 277 |
Source: Marks & Clark, "Academia Outpaces Corporate Biotechnology," </align>
Universities and R&D in Biotechnology
Note: I have bolded those projects that appear to be experimenting with commons-based approaches. From initial research, it seems that Stanford is the IBM of the university field, UC San Diego is the Microsoft
Stanford
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine (http://biochemistry.stanford.edu/)
- 135 labs in 11 departments
- Equipment shared between departments - possible source of collaboration
- Graduate Training Program in Biotechnology (http://www.stanford.edu/group/biotech/)
- multidisciplinary, focusing on theoretical, experimental, and computational aspects of the field
- Genome Technology Center (http://med.stanford.edu/sgtc/)
- Inventing new processes for genomic research
- Stanford Medical Informatics (http://smi.stanford.edu/)
- Interdisciplinary research group focusing on how data is used in biotech research
- BIO-X (http://biox.stanford.edu/biox/index.html)
- Specific aim to foster collaboration between scientists, engineers, computer scientists, and clinicians in the biotech sector
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine (http://biochemistry.stanford.edu/)
Berkeley
- Center for Integrative Genomics (http://cigbrowser.berkeley.edu/)
- Collaborative project between several different departments to compare genome sequences of a wide variety of animals
- UC Biotech.org (http://ucbiotech.org/)
- provides educational materials on agriculture and technology
- Graduate Group in Computational and Genomic Biology (http://computationalbiology.berkeley.edu/)
- provides training in the intersection of computational biology and genomics
- Berkeley Bioinformatics Open Source Project
- Gene Ontology Project: aims to reach consistent descriptions of gene products
- Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Development (http://mcb.berkeley.edu/)
- studies replication, structure and evolution of genomes
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology (http://pmb.berkeley.edu/)
- studies plant genomics
- Center for Integrative Genomics (http://cigbrowser.berkeley.edu/)
UC San Diego
- Department of Bioengineering (http://www-bioeng.ucsd.edu/who/)
- Genomics and Systems Biotechnology Laboratory (http://gsbl.ucsd.edu/)
- Center for Human Genomics (http://health.ucsd.edu/news/2004/06_30_Genomics.html)
MIT
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research (http://www.wi.mit.edu/index.html)
- Department of Biological Engineering (http://web.mit.edu/be/index.htm)
- Biotechnology Process Engineering Center (http://web.mit.edu/bpec/)
- MIT/NIGMS Biotechnology Training Program (http://web.mit.edu/bpec/biotech/index.htm)
- Trains students to work in multipliscinary manner within the biotech industry
Harvard
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology (http://www.chem.harvard.edu/intro/mission.php)
- Harvard Biotechnology Club (http://www.thebiotechclub.org/index.php)
- foster events to bridge gap between biotech academia and business
- Graduate program in Biotechnology (http://www.extension.harvard.edu/biotech/)
- Program in Quantitative Genomics (http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/research/pqg/research/)
- HMS and Partners Center for Genetics and Genomics (http://www.hpcgg.org/)
- promotes genetics and genomics in clinical medicine
Wisconsin
Bibliography for Item 8 in BGP
Biotechnology_-_Genomic_and_Proteomics