Four Quadrants

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Introduction

Terms

Definitions

The Four Quadrants

In his article, The Fourth Quadrant, Professor Zittrain develops a four quadrant framework for thinking about the Internet. This framework looks at two criteria: (1) how generative something is, and (2) how singular it is.

The generativity of a phenomena is assessed on a scale from entirely “top-down” to entirely “bottom-up.” The range of singularity runs from “hierarchy” to “polyarchy.” This is captured in the following chart from the article:

Zittrain Four Quadrants.png

Professor Zittrain uses precise (sometimes unconventional) definitions of these terms:

  • • Top-down: systems in which “there is a separation between those who make the rules and those who live under them . . . .”
  • • Bottom-up: systems where the rules can come from any person without separation between the people who make the rules and people who live under them.
  • • Hierarchy: “a system for which there is no alternative, either because it does not exist, because it would be too costly, or because law precludes it.”
  • • Polyarchy: being able to choose between multiple regimes or systems.

Proposals

Clarke

Zittrain

Goldsmith

Nye

Lynn

Wesley Clark

Baker

Knake

Mapping Onto the Four Quadrants

Four Quadrants: Elaborated

Mapping the Proposals

Where We Think They Go

More Clear

Less Clear

Recent Developments and Future Concerns